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103-514: The network has affiliates with terrestrial television and television station in many media markets through digital subchannels . It is also available on the digital cable tiers of select cable providers at the discretion of local affiliates, as well as on Dish Network , DirecTV and Frndly TV . The founding group and initial ownership team included Martin Luther King III ; former mayor of Atlanta, Georgia and ambassador of

206-452: A contractual agreement , which may allow the network to dictate certain requirements that a station must agree to as part of the contract (such as programming clearances, local programming quotas or reverse compensation of a share of a station's retransmission consent revenue to the network). Affiliation contracts normally last between three and five years, though contracts have run for as little as one year or as long as ten; in addition, if

309-400: A "tag" into the program to be distributed on these services, which Nielsen then tracks through its meters system. Partnering distributors are able to determine if these ratings can be released publicly or not. The most commonly cited Nielsen results are reported in two measurements: ratings points and share, usually reported as: "ratings points/share". There were 119.6 million TV homes in

412-626: A 15kW low-power station broadcasting in high definition on the same transmitter tower under the control of the same owners, using the same studios to provide a second high definition channel for the Fox affiliate. One notable exception to the survival of secondary affiliations are stations owned by West Virginia Media Holdings . WTRF-DT2 in Wheeling and WVNS-DT2 in Beckley , West Virginia both had Fox as their primary affiliation and MyNetworkTV as

515-426: A February 2012 New York Times article, the computer and mobile streams of a program are counted separately from the standard television broadcasts, further degrading the overall quality of the sampling data. As a result, there was no way for NBC to tell if there was any overlap between the roughly 111.3 million traditional television viewers and 2.1 million live stream viewers of Super Bowl XLVII . Responding to

618-417: A common example of this was the popular syndicated science fiction drama series Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987–1994). Some network affiliates may also choose to air season games involving local sports teams in lieu of network programming. A handful of networks, such as the U.S.-based Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) public television and National Public Radio (NPR), have been founded on

721-447: A company owns two or more stations affiliated with the same network, affiliation contracts may have end-of-term dates that are the same or differ among that company's affiliates, depending on when a particular station's affiliation agreement was either previously renewed or originally signed. While many television and radio stations maintain affiliations with the same network for decades, on occasion, there are certain factors that may lead

824-404: A different time), rendering the "raw" numbers useless from a statistical point of view. Even in 2013, it was noted that Internet streams of television programs were still not counted because they had either no ads (such as Netflix ) or totally different advertising (such as Hulu ) than their television counterparts, effectively skewing the raw data on a show's popularity. A related criticism of

927-418: A few that had affiliations with ABC, NBC, CBS and DuMont during the late 1940s through the mid-1950s, when fewer television stations existed in a particular market, especially those that would eventually be able to support four commercial outlets). Historically, the sole commercial station in a market would commonly take affiliations or secondary affiliations from most or all of the major national networks. As

1030-494: A large number of privately owned affiliates to disseminate its radio and television programming. However, since the 1960s, most of the CBC Television affiliates have become network owned-and-operated stations or retransmitters. CBC Radio stations are now entirely O&O. While network-owned stations will normally carry the full programming schedule of the originating network (save for major local events), an affiliate

1133-564: A linear watermark . After Nielsen took over the contract for producing data on Irish advertising in 2009, agencies said that they were "disastrous" and claimed that the information produced by them is too inaccurate to be trusted by them or their clients. In 2004, News Corporation retained the services of public relations firm Glover Park to launch a campaign aimed at delaying Nielsen's plan to replace its aging household electronic data collection methodology in larger local markets with its newer electronic People Meter system. The advocates in

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1236-400: A local monopoly, a station could become a primary affiliate of one of the stronger networks, carrying most of that network's programming while remaining free to "cherry-pick" popular programming from any or all of the rival networks. Similarly, some markets that had two commercial stations shared a secondary affiliation with one network, while maintaining separate primary affiliations (such as in

1339-419: A massive rollout also involving Katz's three networks Escape , Laff , and Grit . In 2019, Raycom merged with Gray Television , which will maintain their Bounce affiliations as-is. Although Bounce TV prefers that its local affiliates carry the entire schedule, some affiliates regularly pre-empt certain network programs in order to air morning and/or prime time newscasts produced by the station specifically for

1442-498: A mix of scripted series reruns and feature film telecasts. Unlike most digital multicast services (particularly with the January 2015 shutdown of Localish , which mainly carried first-run content), Bounce also produces its own original programming. The network has produced inspirational and music programming, documentaries, scripted comedies and dramas, films, and specials. Shortly before its launch, Bounce TV reached an agreement with

1545-408: A model consisting of six viewer segments, which according to their empirical research, are more relevant for advertisers than older models based on gender and age. The segments are based on user behavior, motivations, and psychographics . It is argued that the model can increase reaching the desired audience and message recall and advertisement likeability. In September 2020, Nielsen began releasing

1648-411: A network to move its programming to another station (such as the owner of a network purchasing a station other than that which the network is already affiliated with, the network choosing to affiliate with another local station in order to improve local viewership of its programming by aligning with a stronger station, or a dispute between a network and station owner while negotiating a contract renewal for

1751-468: A new independent multicultural station, CFHD-DT , which signed on in 2013. This was also done by MyNetworkTV in the 2009–10 season in Des Moines , Iowa and Memphis , Tennessee after it lost their individual affiliates in those markets to other networks as it offered the network's last season of WWE Friday Night Smackdown to the local CW affiliates in both cities without forcing them to carry

1854-469: A new panel of homes each week. At the end of the month, all of the viewing data from the individual weeks was aggregated. One exception to the normal sweeps periods occurred in 2008–09 when the February sweeps period was moved to March to accommodate the digital television transition , which was scheduled to take place on February 17, 2009. The transition date was later moved to June 12, but Nielsen kept

1957-440: A number of high-order African-American sitcoms for TBS . Currently, Glover is president of Bounce TV and Katz is Chief Operating Officer. The "Bounce TV" name was chosen as a branding avenue to signify that the network is "going somewhere with energy". The network formally launched on September 26, 2011 at 12:00 p.m. Eastern Time Zone , with the 1978 musical film The Wiz as its inaugural broadcast followed by A Raisin in

2060-509: A particular station such as those over reverse compensation shares), often at the end of one network's existing contract with a station. One of the most notable and expansive affiliation changes occurred in the United States from September 1994 to September 1996, when television stations in 30 markets changed affiliations (through both direct swaps involving the new and original affiliates, and transactions involving multiple stations) as

2163-491: A percentage of total national market reach. As such, networks tend to have O&Os only in the largest media markets (such as New York City and Los Angeles ), and rely on affiliates to carry their programming in other, smaller markets. However, even the largest markets may have network affiliates in lieu of O&Os. For instance, Mission Broadcasting 's WPIX serves as the New York City affiliate of The CW (which

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2266-579: A principle which effectively reverses the commercial broadcasting owned-and-operated station model and is called a state network. Instead of television networks owning stations, the stations collectively own the network and brand themselves as "member stations" or "member networks" instead of as affiliates or O&Os. Individual stations such as WPBS-TV (in Watertown, New York ) and KPBS (in San Diego , California ) are not allowed to be owned by

2369-545: A rating system using the methods he and his company had developed for radio. That method became the primary source of audience measurement information in the American television industry. In September 2020, Nielsen began compiling a weekly Top 10 list of most-watched shows on streaming platforms. The data collection methods used to generate Nielsen TV ratings included: Changing systems of viewing have impacted Nielsen's methods of market research. In 2005, Nielsen began measuring

2472-488: A result of a May 1994 agreement by New World Communications to switch twelve of its stations to Fox , resulting in various other affiliation transactions including additional groupwide deals (such as those between ABC and the E. W. Scripps Company , and CBS and Westinghouse Broadcasting ). In the United States, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations limit the number of network-owned stations as

2575-669: A secondary affiliation. Until WTRF lost its Fox affiliation in 2014 to NBC affiliate WTOV-TV (leaving WTRF-DT2 with MyNetworkTV and WVNS as the only one with affiliations from both), each network was carried on the second digital subchannel of WTRF-TV and WVNS-TV , respectively, both of which carry CBS programming on their main signals. Another example is WBKB-TV in Alpena, Michigan , owned by The Marks Group , which also carries CBS programming on its main signal and both Fox and MyNetworkTV on its second digital subchannel. In addition, however, WBKB-TV also has an ABC affiliate on WBKB-DT3, giving

2678-524: A station's schedule; this form of dual affiliation was the norm before the digital age. Dual affiliations are most commonly associated with the smaller American television networks, such as The CW and MyNetworkTV, which air fewer hours of prime time programming than the "Big Four" networks and can therefore be more easily combined into a single schedule, although historically the "Big Four" have had some dual-affiliate stations in small markets as well and in some cases, affiliates of more than two networks (including

2781-735: A television network can own based on the percentage of total national market reach. As a result, the five main national networks tend to have O&Os only in the metropolitan areas of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo and mainly rely on affiliates to carry their programming outside of those two areas. The metropolitan areas of Belo Horizonte , Brasília , Manaus , and Recife are examples of those who have both O&Os and affiliates. For instance, TV Globo and RedeTV have O&Os in Recife, but Record , SBT and Band do not. TV Cultura , Rede Brasil de Televisão , and TV Gazeta only have one owned-and-operated station each; those networks are smaller than

2884-472: A total of 111 films including Blacula , Cleopatra Jones , Foxy Brown , The Mack , Super Fly , and Shaft . On August 1, 2017, E. W. Scripps announced the purchase of Bounce and Katz Broadcasting , which operates Bounce and owns three networks, for $ 292 million, acquiring the other 95% of the company. Bounce will remain based out of Marietta, Georgia and retain Jonathan Katz as head. The purchase

2987-465: A weekly Top 10 list of most watched shows on streaming platforms. After divestiture of NielsenIQ (the former ACNielsen consumer research business) in 2021, Nielsen became solely a media audience measurement and analytics firm. Nielsen TV ratings (commonly referred to as Nielsen ratings ) are the audience measurement systems operated by Nielsen Media Research that seek to determine the audience size and composition of television programming in

3090-612: Is 75% owned by station operator Nexstar Media Group , with Warner Bros. Discovery and Paramount Global each owning 12.5% stakes), while Paramount owns independent station WLNY-TV in that market. On the other hand, several other television stations in the same market – WABC-TV ( ABC ), WCBS-TV ( CBS ), WNBC ( NBC ), WNJU ( Telemundo ), WNYW ( Fox ), WWOR-TV ( MyNetworkTV ), WPXN-TV ( Ion Television ), WXTV-DT ( Univision ) and WFUT-DT ( UniMás ) – are O&Os. A similar rule exists in Japan , in which regulations governed by

3193-514: Is another rapidly growing market for which Nielsen ratings fail to account for viewers. iTunes , Hulu, YouTube , and some of the networks' own websites (such as ABC.com and CBS.com) provide full-length web-based programming, either subscription-based or ad-supported. Though websites can already track a site's popularity and the referring page , they cannot track viewer demographics. To both track this and expand their market research offerings, Nielsen purchased NetRatings in 2007. However, as noted in

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3296-477: Is independently owned and typically under no obligation to do so. This is especially the case for network shows airing outside the network's primetime hours. Affiliated stations often buy supplementary programming from another source, such as a broadcast syndication service, or another television network which otherwise does not have coverage in the station's broadcast area. Some affiliates may air such programs instead of those from their primary network affiliation;

3399-436: Is only shared between the main station in a given market and any repeaters it may operate to extend its coverage, PBS is not beholden to exclusive programming agreements with stations in the same metropolitan area. In some markets, the network maintains memberships with two noncommercial educational stations – in some cases, these are owned by the same entity – which split the programming rights. To avoid programming conflicts,

3502-429: Is owned by the parent network. Notwithstanding this distinction, it is common in informal speech (even for networks or O&Os themselves) to refer to any station, O&O or otherwise, that carries a particular network's programming as an affiliate, or to refer to the status of carrying such programming in a given market as an "affiliation". Stations which carry a network's programming by method of affiliation maintain

3605-546: Is selected, and only those accepted are used as the sample size. In many local areas during the 1990s, the difference between a rating that kept a show on the air and one that would cancel it was so small as to be statistically insignificant. Yet, the show with the higher rating would survive. In addition, the Nielsen ratings encouraged a strong push for demographic measurements. This caused problems with households with multiple television sets or households where viewers would enter

3708-521: Is some public critique regarding accuracy and potential bias within Nielsen's rating system, including some concerns that the Nielsen ratings system is rapidly becoming outdated due to new technology such as smartphones , DVRs , tablet computers and Internet streaming services as preferred or alternative methods for television viewing. In June 2006, however, Nielsen announced a plan to revamp its entire methodology to include all types of media viewing in its sample. Since viewers are aware of being part of

3811-509: Is the Atlanta affiliate for Bounce TV. Before its launch, Bounce TV actively sought affiliation agreements with various television station owners to make the network widely available throughout the United States. The network launched with clearance rate of, at minimum, 32% of overall American television households, in part due to affiliation agreements with stations owned by Nexstar Media Group , Gray Television , Lockwood Broadcast Group , and

3914-445: Is the percentage of TV sets in use which are tuned to a particular show. Share is the percentage of television sets in use, Households Using Television (HUT) or Persons Using Television (PUT) who are tuned to a specific program, station or network in a specific area at a specific time. For example, Nielsen may report a show as receiving a 4.4/8 during its broadcast; this would mean that 4.4% of all television-equipped households (that

4017-435: Is to say homes with a TV set, not total number of people) were tuned in to that program, while 8% of households that were watching TV at that time were watching the specific program. Because ratings are based on samples, it is possible for shows to get a 0.0 rating, despite having an audience; CNBC 's talk show McEnroe was one notable example. Another example is The CW show, CW Now , which received two 0.0 ratings in

4120-462: The 18–49 age range is more important than the total number of viewers. According to Advertising Age , during the 2007–08 season, ABC was able to charge $ 419,000 per commercial sold during its medical drama Grey's Anatomy , compared to only $ 248,000 for a commercial during CBS ' CSI: Crime Scene Investigation , despite CSI having almost five million more viewers on average. Because of its strength in young "demos" (demographic groups), NBC

4223-476: The Ada, Oklahoma - Sherman, Texas market, where until 1985, KTEN and KXII shared secondary affiliations with NBC, while the former was primarily affiliated with ABC and the latter with CBS; the former station is now a primary NBC affiliate). As U.S.-marketed television receivers have been required to include factory-installed UHF tuners since 1964, the rapid expansion of broadcast television onto UHF channels in

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4326-636: The Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (a league that includes several historically black colleges and universities ) to acquire the television rights to broadcast its American football and basketball games; the telecasts were produced by Urban Sports Entertainment Group. The first sports broadcast on Bounce TV aired on September 28, 2011, a college football game between Bowie State University and Virginia Union University . Bounce's HBCU-centered sports programming expanded in 2013 before ceasing prior to

4429-501: The E. W. Scripps Company . In November 2011, Bounce TV reached a groupwide affiliation deal with Fox Television Stations to carry the network on the subchannels of its MyNetworkTV owned-and-operated station in markets such as New York City ( WWOR-TV ) and Los Angeles ( KCOP-TV ). The deal, which marked Fox Television Station's first multicasting arrangement, put Bounce TV over its earlier stated goal of reaching at least 50% of overall U.S. television households. In December 2012,

4532-643: The Global Television Network . CJNT-DT in Montreal formerly maintained dual affiliations through both City and Omni Television to satisfy its ethnic programming requirements due to its sale to Rogers Media in 2012. This model eventually ceased as Rogers' was granted a request by the CRTC in late 2012 to change the station's format from a multicultural station to a conventional English-language station, and contribute funding and programming to

4635-476: The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications limit the number of network-owned commercial television stations as a percentage of total national market reach. As such, commercial networks tend to have O&Os only in the four largest media markets ( Kantō , Keihanshin , Chūkyō , and Fukuoka ), and rely on affiliates to carry their programming in other prefectures. However, there are two major exceptions to

4738-547: The National Educational Television Association ; likewise, most content on PBS's core national programming service is produced by various individual member stations such as WGBH-TV , WNET and WETA-TV . These are not affiliate stations in that the ownership of the main network is not independent of ownership of the individual local stations. Unlike the modern-day affiliation model with commercial stations, in which network programming

4841-759: The Washington, D.C. , covering 73% of all households of at least one television set in the United States and 90% of African-American households. The network encourages its affiliates to carry local news programming in place of regular programming on the Bounce-affiliated subchannel, as a way to attract additional viewers to that subchannel and serve the local market. Affiliates also broadcast local public affairs programs, political specials, and college football and basketball games played by predominantly black schools. In Bounce TV's Home city Atlanta , ABC affiliate WSB-TV (channel 2), owned by Cox Media Group ,

4944-584: The broadcasting industry (particularly in North America , and even more in the United States), a network affiliate or affiliated station is a local broadcaster, owned by a company other than the owner of the network, which carries some or all of the lineup of television programs or radio programs of a television or radio network . This distinguishes such a television or radio station from an owned-and-operated station (O&O), which

5047-471: The "sweeps" rating periods. The term "sweeps" dates from 1954, when Nielsen collected diaries from households in the Eastern United States first; from there they would "sweep" west. Seven-day diaries (or eight-day diaries in homes with DVRs) were mailed to homes to keep a tally of what was watched on each television set and by whom. Over the course of a sweeps period, diaries were mailed to

5150-458: The 1970s and 1980s (along with increased deployment of cable and satellite television systems) has significantly reduced the number of one-station markets (limiting them to those with population densities too small to be able to make any additional stations economically viable), providing networks with a larger selection of stations as potential primary affiliates. A new station which could clear one network's entire programming lineup better serves

5253-451: The 2014 season (with Aspire acquiring the rights to some of the HBCU football telecasts). On May 7, 2015, Bounce TV announced that they would be airing live boxing events from Premier Boxing Champions under the title: PBC: The Next Round . As of December 2014, Bounce TV has current or pending affiliation agreements with television stations in 43 media markets encompassing 22 states and

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5356-439: The 2018 average. Bounce and sister channel Grit TV were added to DirecTV on September 1, 2022. On April 23, 2024, it was reported that Scripps is looking to sell Bounce TV. Bounce TV features programming geared toward an African-American audience that skews older than the demographic of most cable networks (such as rival cable network BET ); primarily adults between the ages of 25 and 54. The network's main programming features

5459-488: The 25 TV markets with the highest sales (e.g. New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Denver), the Local People Meter (LPM) is measured. Individuals register individually; the measurement is carried out on 365 days over 24 hours. The SET Meter (Diary & Electronic) is used in 31 smaller markets (such as Nashville, Salt Lake City). In four sweeps in February, May, July, and November, target group data are collected with

5562-472: The Council for Innovative Media Measurement by more than six major broadcast media companies. By the end of 2012, some television executives wanted to see C7, ratings for live plus seven days, with CBS Corporation chief executive officer Les Moonves making the claim C7 made ratings increase by 30%. The American television measurement by Nielsen is based on three different methodological approaches. In

5665-422: The Nielsen rating system is its lack of a system for measuring television audiences outside homes, such as college dormitories , transport terminals, bars , prisons and other public places where television is frequently viewed, often by large numbers of people in a common setting. In 2005, Nielsen announced plans to incorporate viewing by away-from-home college students into its sample. Internet television viewing

5768-417: The Nielsen sample, compared to 6.0% in the general population. Latino households represent 5.7% of the Nielsen sample, compared to 5.0% in the general population. By October 2006, News Corporation and Nielsen settled, with Nielsen agreeing to spend an additional $ 50 million to ensure that minority viewing was not being underreported by the new electronic people meter system. In 2011, CBS and Nielsen proposed

5871-406: The Nielsen sample, it can lead to response bias in recording and viewing habits. Audience counts gathered by the self-reporting diary methodology are sometimes higher than those gathered by the electronic meters, eliminating any response bias. Another criticism of the measuring system itself is that it fails the most important sample criterion: it is not random. A small fraction of the population

5974-581: The Public Broadcasting Service; most belong to local community non-profit groups, universities or local and state educational organizations. The national PBS system is owned collectively by hundreds of broadcasters in communities nationwide. Individual member stations are free to carry large amounts of syndicated programming and many produce their own educational or edutainment content for distribution to other PBS member stations through services like American Public Television or

6077-727: The Sun with Do the Right Thing in primetime. The movie in primetime on the second day was Spike Lee's School Daze . This would be followed two days later with its first sports telecast, Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association football. In 2012, Bounce began airing original programming. Its first was the documentary Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.: A Historical Perspective on January 16, 2012, in observance of Martin Luther King Jr. Day . On June 18, 2012, Bounce premiered

6180-463: The United States for the 2017–18 TV season (Nielsen's National Television Household Universe, or Households Using Television, HUT). Nielsen re-estimates the number of television-equipped households each August for the upcoming television season. The rating of a program is a fraction of the HUT. It is calculated as RTG = HUT × SHARE where HUT (or PUT when measuring demos) is Homes Using Television and SHARE

6283-480: The United States to the United Nations Andrew Young and his son Andrew "Bo" Young III; and Rob Hardy and Will Packer , co-founders of Rainforest Films , a top African-American production company. Spearheading the network's creation were former Turner Broadcasting System executives Jonathan Katz and Ryan Glover with the pair having previously worked together with Tyler Perry to produce

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6386-615: The United States using a rating system. Nielsen lost accreditation by the Media Rating Council (MRC) in 2022 due to inaccurate data reporting during the COVID-19 pandemic , but regained it in April 2023. Nielsen Media Research was founded by Arthur C. Nielsen , a market analyst who began his career in the 1920s with marketing research and performance analysis. The company subsequently expanded into radio market analysis in

6489-431: The United States, a station may even be simultaneously listed as an affiliate of two (or in rare cases, three) networks. A station which has a dual affiliation is typically expected to air all or most of both networks' core day time and/or prime time schedules – although programming from a station's secondary affiliation normally airs outside its usual network time slot, and some less popular programs may simply be left off of

6592-477: The Univision deal, and Bounce TV was moved off those stations to Ion Media stations at the start of March, though it remains on a Univision station in markets where Scripps or Ion do not operate stations. Bounce Media operates Bounce TV and is owned by its founding group plus Raycom Media and Al Haymon. With share staff and some owners, Katz Broadcasting is an affiliate company. Originally, Bounce Media sold

6695-563: The ability of digital television stations to offer a distinct programming stream on a digital subchannel , traditional dual affiliation arrangements in which programming from two networks is combined into a single schedule are becoming more rare. KEYC-TV in Mankato , Minnesota is one such example, carrying CBS programming on its 12.1 subchannel and Fox on 12.2. KEYC's Watertown , New York sister station WWNY-TV follows this same pattern (CBS on 7.1 and Fox on 7.2), but supplements this with

6798-410: The automated LPM system. In 1996, Nielsen Media Research began tracking computer, internet, and video game usage through telephone surveys. Nielsen Media Research is a sister company to Nielsen NetRatings, which measures Internet and digital media audiences through a telephone and internet survey, and Nielsen BuzzMetrics, which measures Consumer-Generated Media. Nielsen also conducts market research for

6901-564: The average viewership for only the commercial time within the program. These "Commercial Ratings" first became available on May 31, 2007. Additionally, Nielsen provides different "streams" of this data in order to take into consideration delayed viewing (DVR) data, at any interval up to seven days. C3 was the metric launched in 2007, and refers to the ratings for average commercial minutes in live programming plus total playback by digital video recorder up to three days after. In 2009, dissatisfaction with Nielsen's effectiveness resulted in formation of

7004-404: The company can count digital viewers in audience and demographic reports but is unable to do so under the current set of rules devised by networks and advertising industries last revised in 2006. As such, Nielsen can only count viewership for television-originated broadcasts, and must exclude viewers who watch programs on digital platforms if the program does not have an identical advertising load or

7107-484: The criticism regarding accusations by several media executives (including Viacom CEO Phillippe Dauman and former Fox Entertainment Group chief operating officer Chase Carey ) that it failed to count viewers watching television programs on digital platforms, Nielsen executive vice president of global product leadership Megan Clarken stated in an April 2015 summit by the Coalition for Innovative Media Measurement that

7210-481: The deciding factor in canceling or renewing television shows by television networks. As of August 2024, it is the primary part of Nielsen Holdings. NMR began as a division of ACNielsen , a marketing research firm founded in 1923. In 1996, NMR was split off into an independent company, and in 1999, was purchased by the Dutch conglomerate VNU . In 2001, VNU also purchased ACNielsen, thereby bringing both companies under

7313-412: The diary and validated with the data of the devices (TV set on/off) in the participating households. In the 154 TV markets with the lowest sales (e. g. Harrisburg, PA or Honolulu) the use of TV is only recorded using a diary survey. Each year until 2018, Nielsen processed approximately two million paper diaries from households across the United States, for November, February, May, and July—also known as

7416-515: The early 1980s. Nielsen launched its Nielsen Homevideo Index (NHI) in 1980 to measure cable, pay cable, and VCRs, and the NHI began offering daily cable ratings in 1982. Nielsen's continued to advance with steady changes into the mid-2000s. Along with changing their counting methods, Nielsen also started emphasizing their sample in 2003 in reaction to census shifts and requests from some industry sectors. Nielsen's automated Local People Meter (LPM) technology

7519-500: The early days of privately owned networks CTV and TVA , but the original "one station, one vote" model has largely faltered as increasing numbers of stations are acquired by the same owners. In CTV's case, the systematic pattern of acquisition of CTV member stations by the owners of CFTO-TV in Toronto ultimately allowed control over the network as a whole, turning former member stations into CTV O&Os. In some smaller markets in

7622-437: The film industry through National Research Group (NRG). In September 2018, Nielsen acquired SuperData Research, an industry analysis firm that deals with tracking viewing habits within the video game and eSports areas, an area that Nielsen plans to expand into. Later, in April 2021, Nielsen stated they will close down SuperData and move its analysis and tracking into Nielsen Sports. In September 2020, Nielsen began compiling

7725-518: The five major networks by market reach. In Canada , the Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) has significantly more lenient rules regarding media ownership. As such, most television stations, regardless of market size, are now O&Os of their respective networks, with only a few true affiliates remaining (mainly located in smaller cities). The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation originally relied on

7828-508: The late 1930s, culminating in the Nielsen Radio Index in 1942, which was meant to provide statistics as to the markets of radio shows. The first Nielsen ratings for radio programs were released the first week of December 1947. They measured the top 20 programs in four areas: total audience, average audience, cumulative audience, and homes per dollar spent for time and talent. In 1950, Nielsen then moved to television, developing

7931-486: The major network affiliates that carry Bounce TV full-time (such as WBTV, WAVE-TV and WAFF in Huntsville ) use the affiliated subchannel as a buffer during network sports coverage, breaking news or severe weather coverage situations to carry regularly scheduled network and/or syndicated programming seen on its main channel. Following Scripps' acquisition of Ion Media on January 7, 2021, Scripps began to wind down

8034-590: The network signed a multi-station agreement with Spanish language broadcaster Univision Communications to carry its programming on seven of its Univision and UniMás owned-and-operated television stations (besides being the company's first multicasting agreement, it was also Univision Television Group's first affiliation deal involving an English language network). As part of an extension of this agreement in March 2014, Bounce TV will move its affiliation in five markets where it had existing affiliation deals with Fox at

8137-518: The network to affiliated TV stations via ad split but by October 2015 had moved to a carriage fee in exchange for the network get the ad inventory due to greater inventory with stations adding a third or fourth subchannel. Bounce used direct response advertising as a meter of viewers before switching to Nielsen rating C-3 a few years before 2015. Bounce launched a companion SVOD service, Brown Sugar by November 17, 2016. Brown Sugar features '70s-era blaxploitation films. The service has access to start to

8240-576: The network utilizes a Program Differentiation Plan to assign programming quotas in these situations, resulting in the primary member station carrying more PBS-distributed programming than the secondary member; the number of two-to-a-market PBS members (not counting repeaters of the market's main PBS outlet) has been steadily decreasing since the early 2000s, with few remaining outside larger markets. The "member station" model had historically been used in Canada in

8343-510: The network's interests than the former pattern of partial access afforded by mixing various secondary affiliations on the schedule of a single local analog channel. In 2009, after many years of decline, the era of secondary affiliations to multiple major networks (once common in communities where fewer stations existed than networks seeking carriage) finally came to an end at the smallest-market U.S. station, KXGN-TV in Glendive, Montana (which

8446-482: The population. The most well-known portion is the "diary". During the four " sweeps " months of February, May, July and November, Nielsen interviewers in Oldsmar, Florida , and Radcliff, Kentucky , ask homes to participate in filling out a diary of the programs watched in their home for a one-week period. The Nielsen sample included roughly 1,700 audiometer homes and a rotating board of nearly 850 diary respondents by

8549-491: The public relations campaign claimed that data derived from the newer People Meter system represented a bias toward underreporting minority viewing, leading to a de facto discrimination in employment against minority actors and writers. However, Nielsen countered the campaign by revealing its sample composition counts. According to Nielsen Media Research's sample composition counts, as of November 2004 , nationwide, African American households using People Meters represented 6.7% of

8652-399: The regulations. NHK is a government-owned, non-commercial television network and, since it is not covered by the ownership cap, owns and operates all of its stations. TXN Network is also not covered by the ownership cap due to the network's low number of affiliates (which are all owned by the network). In Brazil , government regulations limit the number of owned-and-operated stations that

8755-463: The remainder of MyNetworkTV's schedule. From September 1, 2016, to August 31, 2019, the largest current-day market example of a dual affiliation was with Fox Television Stations 's WPWR-TV , a Gary, Indiana -licensed station serving the entire Chicago market, which carried a primary affiliation with The CW , while maintaining Fox's MyNetworkTV programming service in a late night timeslot. Beginning on September 1, 2019, The CW affiliation of WPWR-TV

8858-588: The same corporate umbrella for years. NMR is also a sister company to Nielsen//NetRatings, which measures Internet and digital media audiences. VNU was reorganized and renamed the Nielsen Company in 2007. NMR was separated again from the NielsenIQ (the former ACNielsen) in 2021. The Nielsen TV Ratings have been produced in the United States since the 1950–51 television season and statistically measure which programs are watched by individual segments of

8961-650: The same season. In 2014, Nielsen reported that American viewership of live television (totaling on average four hours and 32 minutes per day) had dropped 12 minutes per day compared to the year before. The CW got another 0.0 rating for its broadcast of the 1st Critics Choice Super Awards. Nielsen reported several reasons for the shift away from live television: increased viewership of time-shifted television (mainly through DVRs) and viewership of internet video (clips from video sharing websites and streams of full-length television shows). In 2007, Nielsen began to release data that reflected out-of-home/not via home TV viewing. This

9064-478: The simpler codes (usually their child's), raising serious questions about the demographic data quality. The situation further deteriorated as the popularity of cable television increased the number of viewable networks to the extent that the margin of error has increased because the sampling sizes are too small. Compounding matters is that of the sample data that is collected, advertisers will not pay for time shifted programs (those that are recorded for replay at

9167-518: The sitcom Family Time , and the stand-up comedy series Uptown Comic . The network acquired its first sitcoms in January 2015. It acquired the rights to four series through deals with Warner Bros. Television Studios ( The Parent 'Hood and Roc ), The Carsey–Warner Company ( A Different World ), CBS Television Distribution / Big Ticket Entertainment ( Judge Joe Brown ), 20th Television ( The Hughleys ) and Trifecta Entertainment & Media ( Judge Faith ) . The 1990s CBS series Cosby

9270-552: The station four different network affiliations between three subchannels. In Canada, affiliated stations may acquire broadcast rights to programs from a network other than their primary affiliation, but as such an agreement pertains only to a few specific programs, which are chosen individually, they are not normally considered to be affiliated with the second network. CJON-DT in St. John's , Newfoundland , nominally an independent station , uses this model to acquire programming from CTV and

9373-553: The subchannel or public affairs programs (such as with WBTV in Charlotte and WAVE-TV in Louisville ); this has become particularly more common since September 2015, when other Gray Television-owned stations in markets where the group does not maintain a duopoly (as is the case with WBTV and WAVE-TV, which launched theirs earlier) gradually began launching prime time newscasts on their Bounce TV-affiliated subchannels. Some of

9476-626: The sweeps period in March that year rather than moving it again. This local viewing information provides a basis for program scheduling and advertising decisions for local television stations, cable systems, and advertisers. Typically, the November, February, and May sweeps are considered more important; nevertheless, the July sweeps can have a local impact regarding personnel. In some mid-size markets, diaries provide viewer information for up to two additional "sweeps" months (October and January). There

9579-515: The time of the deal (New York City, Los Angeles, Dallas – Fort Worth, Texas , Orlando, Florida , and Phoenix, Arizona ) to stations owned by Univision in 2015. The Fox deal ended after the 2015 launch of game show channel Buzzr , with Bounce then moving in full to Univision stations after that point. On June 15, 2016, Katz Broadcasting (whose president and CEO Jonathan Katz is COO of Bounce TV) signed an agreement with Nexstar Broadcasting Group that would bring Bounce TV to 15 new markets, as part of

9682-723: The usage of digital video recording devices (DVRs) such as TiVos . Initial results indicated that time-shifted viewing (i.e., programs that are watched after the networks have aired them) would significantly impact television ratings. A year later, the networks were not factoring these new results into their ad rates because of advertisers' resistance. In July 2017, Nielsen announced that it would include select programs from subscription-based video on demand (vSVOD) services Hulu and YouTube TV in its Digital in TV Ratings system. Since about October 2017, Nielsen also began to track select programs from Netflix . Partnering distributors insert

9785-480: The use of local marketing agreements and shared services agreements to operate a second station nominally owned by another broadcaster. These may be supplemented by LPTV or repeater stations to allow more channels to be added without encountering federally imposed limits on concentration of media ownership . Often, the multiple commonly controlled stations will use the same news and local advertising sales operations, but carry different network feeds. Further, with

9888-417: Was a follow-up to their added inclusiveness regarding family members who are dorming in college. Since specific demographics influence advertising rates, Nielsen provides statistics by categories including age, sex, race, economic class, and area. For example, an advertiser might look for younger viewers, for older or wealthier audiences, or for women rather than men. In general, the number of viewers within

9991-522: Was able to charge almost three times as much for a commercial during Friends as CBS charged for Murder, She Wrote , even though the two series had a similar amount of total viewership during the two seasons they were on the air concurrently. Glee (on Fox ) and The Office (on NBC) drew fewer total viewers than NCIS (on CBS) during the 2009–10 season, but earned an average of $ 272,694 and $ 213,617 respectively, compared to $ 150,708 for NCIS . Nielsen also provides viewership data calculated as

10094-480: Was affiliated with both CBS and NBC). The digital conversion allowed KXGN to carry CBS and NBC programming side-by-side on separate subchannels, essentially becoming a primary affiliate of both networks. This is the most common type of "dual affiliation" existing today in the digital TV age. In larger markets, multiple full-service channels may be operated by the same broadcaster using broadcast automation , either openly as duopoly or twinstick operations , or through

10197-520: Was changed to WCIU-TV . Nielsen Media Research Nielsen Media Research ( NMR ) is an American firm that measures media audiences, including television, radio, theatre, films (via the AMC Theatres MAP program), and newspapers. Headquartered in New York City, it is best known for the Nielsen ratings , an audience measurement system of television viewership that for years has been

10300-652: Was completed on October 2, 2017. Brown Sugar is a video on demand service owned by Bounce Media, LLC. A companion to the main Bounce network, Brown Sugar was launched on November 17, 2016. The service features '70s-era blaxploitation films via app, the web and Chromecast. The service has access to over 111 films including Blacula , Cleopatra Jones , Foxy Brown , The Mack , Super Fly , and Shaft . On Friday, August 4, 2017, Brown Sugar launched on Roku ; boxing matches and in-season original Bounce series have since been added. Network affiliate In

10403-480: Was immediately removed from Bounce's schedule on July 7, 2015 after Bill Cosby 's past admissions about his sexual assault allegations were publicized. Bounce would premiere several notable original programs and tent-pole event broadcasts in 2016. On Friday, January 29, the network broadcast the 24th Annual Trumpet Awards ; which honored history-making individuals. On March 6, 2016, Bounce debuted its original primetime soap, Saints & Sinners . The series premiere

10506-455: Was introduced in two cities: New York and Los Angeles. The LPM improved the method of measurement from active and diary-based to passive and meter-monitored. More importantly, the LPM provides accurate measurements of particular local markets, versus a nationwide sample. While diary-based surveys concentrated on quarterly sweeps periods, the industry has been pushed toward year-round measurement due to

10609-490: Was watched in 1.3 million viewers, making it Bounce TV's most-watched program at the time. The network's first primetime news magazine, Ed Gordon , was announced in late June 2016, and premiered on Tuesday, September 13. On October 2, 2017, E. W. Scripps Company purchased Bounce TV, along with Katz Broadcasting's three other networks. A list of 2019 Nielsen Media Research ratings published by Variety indicated that Bounce averaged 275,000 viewers in prime time, down 1% from

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