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26-566: Boundary Street is a three-lane one-way street in Kowloon , Hong Kong . It runs in an easterly direction from its start at the intersection with Tung Chau Street in the west, and ends at its intersection with Prince Edward Road West in the east, near the former Kai Tak Airport . The street previously marked the boundary between the southern part of Kowloon, ceded by the Qing dynasty to Great Britain in 1860 along with Stonecutters Island , and

52-537: A population of 2,019,533 and a population density of 43,033/km (111,450/sq mi) in 2006. It is one of the three areas of Hong Kong , along with Hong Kong Island and the New Territories . It is the smallest, second most populous and most densely populated of the divisions. Kowloon is located directly north of Hong Kong Island across Victoria Harbour . It is bordered by the Lei Yue Mun strait to

78-620: A view of the city and Hong Kong Island in the distance. The entire mountain is located within Lion Rock Country Park , south of Hung Mui Kuk , Tai Wai and is made passable by vehicles by Lion Rock Tunnel , which connects Kowloon Tong and Tai Wai. Lion Rock is near another famous rock structure, the Amah Rock . A road in Kowloon City is named Lion Rock Road ( 獅子石道 ). After World War II and Communists' victory in

104-606: Is connected to Hong Kong Island by two road-only tunnels (the Cross-Harbour Tunnel and the Western Harbour Crossing ), three MTR railway tunnels ( Tsuen Wan line , Tung Chung line / Airport Express and East Rail ) and one combined road and MTR rail link tunnel ( Eastern Harbour Tunnel , containing the Tseung Kwan O line and road traffic in separate parallel conduits). No bridges connect

130-605: Is estimated to be around 140 million years old. Lion Rock is noted for its shape. Its resemblance to a crouching lion is most striking from the Choi Hung and San Po Kong areas in East Kowloon. A trail winds its way up the forested hillside to the top, culminating atop the "lion's head". The trail can be followed across the profile of the lion, eventually linking up with the MacLehose Trail . The rock provides

156-514: Is not advisable to take selfies close to the edge of the cliffs on foggy or wet days, or take shortcuts to the summit, as hikers have died needlessly trying to do so. A number of deaths have occurred on this trail. Casual tourists who are not properly prepared should not attempt this hike. There are monkeys that may attempt to take away food from hikers as they recognize that plastic bags may contain food. The monkeys are called Longtailed Macaques and are descendants of pets released into

182-640: The Chinese Civil War , many people who fled to Hong Kong from Mainland China lived in squatters in Kowloon, where the Lion Rock is clearly visible. The lives of the era, during which Hong Kong was rebuilt from poverty, was depicted by the RTHK in the 1974 TV series Below the Lion Rock . The TV series featured some of the early work of now-famous film directors such as Ann Hui . Its theme song " Below

208-533: The Green Standard Army with reduced strength. The many mountains in the Kowloon area , which include Lion Rock, are formed by Granitic rocks . This is in contrast to some of the highest mountains in Hong Kong that are formed by much younger Volcanic rocks , such as Tai Mo Shan (957 m, the highest mountain). The lion head shape is due to weathering of the blocks of granite along edges. To

234-596: The Kowloon Wharf , but because of the close proximity of Kowloon's built-up area to Kai Tak Airport , building construction was limited by flight paths. As a result, compared to Hong Kong Island, Kowloon had a much lower skyline. After World War II , Kowloon became extremely congested when slums for refugees from the newly established People's Republic of China gave way to public housing estates , mixed with private residential, commercial, and industrial areas. The area of reclaimed land now known as West Kowloon

260-460: The New Territories , but as part of the Kowloon urban area (on both sides of Boundary Street), except for statutory and land rent proposes, where the original arrangement has remained in place. Administratively its portion west of the East Rail line forms part of the boundary between Yau Tsim Mong and Sham Shui Po districts, until the former western coast of the peninsula, from whereupon

286-553: The New Territories . Statutorily, "Kowloon" is only the area south of Boundary Street and Stonecutters Island, but in common use, New Kowloon is not regarded as part of the New Territories, but as an integral part of the Kowloon urban area whether north or south of Boundary Street. Large-scale development of Kowloon began in the early 20th century, with the construction of the Kowloon-Canton Railway and

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312-409: The Lion Rock ", sung by Cantopop star Roman Tam , is considered to represent the spirit of the Hong Kong people. The name of the series and its eponymous theme song has since been connected to the " Lion Rock Spirit " ( Chinese : 獅子山下精神 ), used to refer to Hong Kong as a whole. The second version of the government-sponsored Brand Hong Kong contains a silhouette of the Lion Rock. According to

338-414: The New Territories joined the colony. Although the street marks the historical boundary, the road did not come to exist until 1934, more than 30 years after the lease of boundary north. The road was built to accelerate the development of Kowloon Tong and identify the difference in calculation of rates between the boundary north and south. In everyday life, New Kowloon is no longer regarded as part of

364-647: The boundary follows the streets on the reclamation. On 1 July 1997, sovereignty of the territories on both sides of Boundary Street was handed over from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China , along with the rest of Hong Kong. Kowloon Kowloon ( / ˌ k aʊ ˈ l uː n / ) is an urban area in Hong Kong comprising the Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon . It has

390-650: The brand, the Lion Rock represents "the Hong Kong people's 'can-do' spirit". A banner that reads in Chinese “我要真普選” (I want real universal suffrage ) was hung up near the head of the 'Lion' on 23 October 2014 to show support for 2014 Hong Kong protests . The banner was removed by the government on the next day. On the east and west of Lion Rock, there have been two paths built in the Qing Dynasty . The west path connects from Wang Tau Hom to Shatin . The east path connects from Tsz Wan Shan to Tsok Pok Hang . In

416-528: The east, Mei Foo Sun Chuen , Butterfly Valley and Stonecutter's Island to the west, a mountain range, including Tate's Cairn and Lion Rock to the north, and Victoria Harbour to the south. Kowloon comprises the following districts : The name 'Kowloon' ( Chinese : 九龍 ; lit. 'nine dragons') alludes to eight mountains and a Chinese emperor: Kowloon Peak , Tung Shan , Tate's Cairn , Temple Hill , Unicorn Ridge , Lion Rock , Beacon Hill , Crow's Nest and Emperor Bing of Song . It

442-558: The island and Kowloon. 22°19′N 114°11′E  /  22.317°N 114.183°E  / 22.317; 114.183 Lion Rock Lion Rock , or less formally Lion Rock Hill , is a mountain in Hong Kong . It is located in Sha Tin District , between Kowloon Tong of Kowloon and Tai Wai of the New Territories , and is 495 metres (1,624 ft) high. The peak consists of granite covered sparsely by shrubs. The Kowloon granite , which includes Lion Rock,

468-494: The north of Lion Rock are the new towns of Tai Wai and Sha Tin . To the west is Beacon Hill (457 metres (1,499 ft)), which has a civil aviation tower on its summit. To the south is the Wong Tai Sin area, while to the west, there is another mountain called Temple Hill (488 metres (1,601 ft)). The mountain has a series of steep cliffs that separates the Kowloon from the New Territories. This barrier formed blocks

494-621: The northern part of Kowloon ( New Kowloon ) (which remained part of China until it was leased as part of the New Territories to the United Kingdom in 1898 for 99 years under the Second Convention of Peking ). After the lease, the boundary was renamed from Boundary Line to Old Frontier Line . The boundary was marked by a long line of tall bamboo fences, which effectively blocked smuggling between Chinese Kowloon and British Kowloon at that time. The barrier became obsolete when

520-534: The present, these paths are used by locals and hikers to get around. When the ban on human settlement of coastal areas of the Great Clearance was lifted in 1668, the coastal defense was reinforced. Twenty-one fortified mounds , each manned with an army unit, were created along the border of Xin'an County , and at least five of them were located in present-day Hong Kong. 1) The Tuen Mun Mound, believed to have been built on Castle Peak or Kau Keng Shan ,

546-553: The southern monsoon from the New Territories. According to the Hong Kong Government , the Lion Rock summit is one of 16 "high risk locations" for hikers in Hong Kong owing to its level of difficulty. A few parts of the trail are rocky and have no barrier fencing, so hikers are at risk of falling off steep cliffs. Numerous signs are placed by the Government throughout the trail to warn hikers of this danger. It

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572-408: The wild in the 1920s. The government introduced these macaques to protect the trees that surround reservoirs near Lion Rock from a vine called Mikania micrantha , as the macaques loved to feed on this vine. Venomous snakes are active in the evening, especially in the late summer or early autumn just before hibernation. The venomous but rarely-lethal Bamboo Pit Viper , among other venomous snakes,

598-521: Was also spelt 'Kawloong' in some 19th-century sources. The part of Kowloon south of Boundary Street , together with Stonecutters Island , was ceded by Qing China to the United Kingdom under the Convention of Peking of 1860. For many years the area remained largely undeveloped, used by the British mainly for tiger-hunting expeditions. The part of Kowloon north of Boundary Street ( New Kowloon )

624-585: Was leased by the British as part of the New Territories under the 1898 Second Convention of Peking for 99 years. Within New Kowloon is Kowloon City, an area of Hong Kong where the Kowloon Walled City used to be located. The Kowloon Walled City itself was demolished in 1993. The same area was called Kwun Fu Cheung ( 官富場 ) during the Song dynasty (960–1279). "New Kowloon" has remained part of

650-590: Was manned by 50 soldiers. 2) The Kowloon Mound on Lion Rock and 3) the Tai Po Tau Mound northwest of Tai Po Old Market had each 30 soldiers. 4) The Ma Tseuk Leng Mound stood between present-day Sha Tau Kok and Fan Ling and was manned by 50 men. 5) The fifth one at Fat Tong Mun , probably on today's Tin Ha Shan Peninsula, was an observation post manned by 10 soldiers. In 1682, these forces were re-organized and manned by detachments from

676-904: Was once home to a dockyard for the Royal Navy . The 1911 census recorded a population of 7,306, with most being Hakka . The invasion of China by Japan in 1937 caused the population of Kowloon to grow drastically. Between 1937 and 1939, 750,000 refugees arrived in Kowloon and nearby areas, with many not having residence. As of 2011 , 2,108,419 people lived in Kowloon. About 94.2% of Kowloon's residents are of Han Chinese ethnicity. The largest ethnic minority groups are Indonesians (1.8%), Filipinos (1.5%), Indians (0.5%), Nepalese (0.4%), and British (0.3%). Around 86% of Kowloon's residents use Cantonese as their usual language, while 2.3% use English and 1.2% use Mandarin . Kowloon comprises these localities of Hong Kong: Lists of primary and secondary schools in Kowloon by district: Kowloon

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