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50-560: BPG was started in offices in Bourne , Lincolnshire with three full-time staff members and a part-time secretary. It relocated to Stamford at the end of 1998 and there are now more than 35 employees and numerous freelancers. Other titles were added, including the CPSA's PULL! magazine in 1990 and BASC's Shooting & Conservation in 1992. Your Cat and Your Dog magazines were added under licence from EMAP in 1999. The magazines were showing

100-700: A dispensation to call their "parish" councils "town" councils, with their chairs to be known as mayor. These town councils were allowed to adopt the coat of arms granted to the former UDC. A Bourne Rural District also existed from 1894 to 1931, when it was abolished to form part of a larger South Kesteven Rural District . The parish of Bourne had formed part of Bourne RD from 1894 to 1899. South Kesteven RDC had its own coat of arms, which disappeared along with that of Kesteven in 1974. Since October 1989, Bourne has been twinned with Doudeville , Seine Maritime , France . Parts of west Bourne are drained by one of two internal drainage boards , The Black Sluice IDB and

150-673: A paraphrase of a Gospel reading (important when the laity did not understand Latin), followed by exegesis . The theological content is derivative; Orrm closely follows Bede 's exegesis of Luke , the Enarrationes in Matthoei , and the Glossa Ordinaria of the Bible. Thus, he reads each verse primarily allegorically rather than literally. Rather than identify individual sources, Orrm refers frequently to " ðe boc " and to

200-477: A slide in sales and ad revenues since successful launches, and EMAP felt that they were not of a size (or indeed subject matter) that fitted in with their strategies. Your Cat was launched in 1994. Other titles operating in the market are Cat World, a monthly publication, and Our Cats, a weekly title aimed at the showing side of cat ownership. 2004 marked the tenth anniversary of the Your Cat magazine. Your Dog

250-626: A small workforce. As of January 2008, the company has invested heavily in online sites for its titles. Bourne, Lincolnshire Bourne is a market town and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England. It lies on the eastern slopes of the limestone Kesteven Uplands and the western edge of the Fens , 11 miles (18 km) north-east of Stamford , 12 miles (19 km) west of Spalding and 17 miles (27 km) north of Peterborough . The population at

300-481: A strict poetic metre to ensure that readers know which syllables are to be stressed. Modern scholars use these two features to reconstruct Middle English as Orrm spoke it. Unusually for work of the period, the Ormulum is neither anonymous nor untitled. Orrm names himself at the end of the dedication: At the start of the preface, the author identifies himself again, using a different spelling of his name, and gives

350-470: Is a twelfth-century work of biblical exegesis , written by an Augustinian canon named Orrm (or Orrmin) and consisting of just under 19,000 lines of early Middle English verse. Because of the unique phonemic orthography adopted by its author, the work preserves many details of English pronunciation existing at a time when the language was in flux after the Norman conquest of England . Consequently, it

400-506: Is an autograph, with two of the three hands in the text generally believed by scholars to be Orrm's own, the date of the manuscript and the date of composition would have been the same. On the evidence of the third hand (that of a collaborator who entered the pericopes at the head of each homily) it is thought that the manuscript was finished c.  1180 , but Orrm may have begun the work as early as 1150. The text has few topical references to specific events that could be used to identify

450-569: Is in the single manuscript of the work to survive, which is in the Bodleian Library in Oxford. Orrm developed an idiosyncratic spelling system . Modern scholars have noted that the system reflected his concern with priests' ability to speak the vernacular and may have helped to guide his readers in the pronunciation of the vowels . Many local priests may have been regular speakers of Anglo-Norman French rather than English. Orrm used

500-420: Is invaluable to philologists and historical linguists in tracing the development of the language. After a preface and dedication, the work consists of homilies explicating the biblical texts set for the mass throughout the liturgical year . It was intended to be consulted as the texts changed, and is agreed to be tedious and repetitive when read straight through. Only about a fifth of the promised material

550-584: Is located on a Roman road now known as King Street . It was built around some natural springs, hence the name "Bourne" (or "Bourn"). which derives from the Anglo-Saxon burna or burne meaning "water" or "stream". It lies on the intersection of two main roads: the A15 and the A151 . The civil parish includes the main township along with the hamlets of Cawthorpe , Dyke and Twenty . In former years Austerby

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600-490: Is served by both BBC Radio Cambridgeshire and BBC Radio Lincolnshire . Other radio stations including Greatest Hits Radio , Hits Radio Lincolnshire and Bourne Community Radio, a community based station. Local newspapers are Bourne Local and Stamford Mercury . Bourne Town Football Club plays football in the United Counties Football League , whilst Bourne Cricket Club plays in

650-586: The Peterborough Chronicle , shows a great deal of French influence. The linguistic contrast between it and the work of Orrm demonstrates both the sluggishness of the Norman influence in the formerly Danish areas of England and the assimilation of Old Norse features into early Middle English. According to the work's dedication, Orrm wrote it at the behest of Brother Walter, who was his brother both affterr þe flæshess kinde (biologically, "after

700-649: The Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway (M&GN) connecting the Midlands to East Anglia. Timetabled passenger services on both lines had ceased by the end of February 1959. The Bourne-Morton Canal or Bourne Old Eau connected the town to the sea in Roman times. Until the mid-19th century, the present Bourne Eau was capable of carrying commercial boat traffic from the Wash coast and Spalding . This resulted from

750-416: The Ormulum derives from Orrm's idiosyncratic orthographical system. He states that since he dislikes the way that people are mispronouncing English, he will spell words exactly as they are pronounced, and describes a system whereby vowel length and value are indicated unambiguously. Orrm's chief innovation was to employ doubled consonants to show that the preceding vowel is short and single consonants when

800-491: The Ormulum never was intended as a book in the modern sense, but rather as a companion to the liturgy . Priests would read, and congregations hear, only a day's entry at a time. The tedium that many experience when attempting to read the Ormulum today would not exist for persons hearing only a single homily each day. Furthermore, although Orrm's poetry is, perhaps, subliterary, the homilies were meant for easy recitation or chanting, not for aesthetic appreciation; everything from

850-425: The vowel is long . For syllables that ended in vowels, he used accent marks to indicate length. In addition to this, he used three distinct letter forms for the letter g depending on how they sounded. He used insular < ᵹ > for the palatal approximant [j] , a flat-topped <ꟑ> for the velar stop [ɡ] , and a Carolingian <g> for the palato-alveolar affricate [d͡ʒ] , although in printed editions

900-541: The "holy book". Bennett has speculated that the Acts of the Apostles , Glossa Ordinaria , and Bede were bound together in a large Vulgate Bible in the abbey so that Orrm truly was getting all of his material from a source that was, to him, a single book. Although the sermons have been deemed "of little literary or theological value" and though Orrm has been said to possess "only one rhetorical device", that of repetition,

950-713: The 2011 census was 14,456. A 2019 estimate put it at 16,780. The Ancient Woodland of Bourne Woods is still extant, although much reduced. It originally formed part of the ancient Forest of Kesteven and is now managed by the Forestry Commission . The earliest documentary reference to Brunna , meaning stream, is from a document of 960, and the town appeared in Domesday Book of 1086 as Brune . Bourne Abbey , (charter 1138), formerly held and maintained land in Bourne and other parishes. In later times this

1000-739: The Lincolnshire ECB Premier League. These teams play their home games at the Abbey Lawn , a recreation ground privately owned by the Bourne United Charities . The racing-car marques English Racing Automobiles ( ERA ) and British Racing Motors ( BRM ) were both founded in Bourne by Raymond Mays , an international racing driver and designer who lived in Bourne. The former ERA and BRM workshops in Spalding Road are adjacent to Eastgate House,

1050-554: The Mays' family home in the town's Eastgate. Pilbeam Racing Designs is also based in the town. There are currently 71 listed buildings in the parish of Bourne, the most important being Bourne Abbey and the Parish Church of St Peter and St Paul (1138), which is the only one scheduled Grade I . [REDACTED] Media related to Bourne, Lincolnshire at Wikimedia Commons Ormulum The Ormulum or Orrmulum

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1100-577: The South Kesteven District Council wards. Bourne East elects seven councillors to the town council and Bourne West eight. From 1899 to 1974, Bourne had an urban district council in the former Parts of Kesteven . Under the Local Government Act 1972 , Bourne UDC was dissolved into the newly formed South Kesteven district. Urban districts which disappeared in this way formed successor parishes and were given

1150-543: The Welland and Deepings IDB. Many houses in Bourne pay additional drainage rates to these authorities. Details of the designated flood risk areas can be found on a number of government web sites. Bourne Market Place is at the crossroads of the A15 road and the B1193. There is a bus station at the top of North Street. The town's bus services provide a frequent public transport link to Peterborough , and are operated by

1200-424: The abbey in 1138, and secondly, the work includes dedicatory prayers to Peter and Paul , the patrons of Bourne Abbey. The Arrouaisian rule was largely that of Augustine, so that its houses often are loosely referred to as Augustinian . Scholars cannot pinpoint the exact date of composition. Orrm wrote his book over a period of decades and the manuscript shows signs of multiple corrections through time. Since it

1250-712: The early 20th century. Bourne sent many men to both world wars but was otherwise not much affected. During the Second World War a German bomber shot down in May 1941 crashed into the Butcher's Arms public house in Eastgate. The landlord, his wife and eight soldiers billetted across the road were killed, as were the bomber's crew. In a separate incident several bombs were dropped on the Hereward Camp. The town

1300-696: The family-owned Delaine Buses . There is a daily long-distance coach between Grimsby and London Victoria, which stops at Bourne bus station. The first local railway was the Earl of Ancaster 's estate railway, which ran from the East Coast Main Line at Little Bytham , through the Grimsthorpe estate to Edenham . Later Bourne had a railway station served by the Bourn and Essendine Railway (old spelling) line from Essendine to Sleaford and by

1350-602: The flesh's kind") and as a fellow canon of an Augustinian order. With this information, and the evidence of the dialect of the text, it is possible to propose a place of origin with reasonable certainty. While some scholars, among them Henry Bradley, have regarded the likely origin as Elsham Priory in north Lincolnshire, as of the mid-1990s it became widely accepted that Orrm wrote in the Bourne Abbey in Bourne, Lincolnshire . Two additional pieces of evidence support this conjecture: firstly, Arrouaisian canons established

1400-643: The fourteenth century, as well as the last example of the Old English verse homily. It also demonstrates what would become Received Standard English two centuries before Geoffrey Chaucer . Further, Orrm was concerned with the laity. He sought to make the Gospel comprehensible to the congregation, and he did this perhaps forty years before the Fourth Council of the Lateran of 1215 "spurred the clergy as

1450-785: The investment following the Bourne Navigation Act of 1780. Passage became impossible once the junction of the Eau and the River Glen was converted from gates to a sluice in 1860. Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire and ITV Yorkshire . Television signals are received from the Belmont TV transmitter, the Waltham TV transmitter can also be received which broadcast BBC East Midlands and ITV Central programmes. The town

1500-463: The last two letters may be left undistinguished. His devotion to precise spelling was meticulous. For example, he originally used eo and e inconsistently for words such as beon and kneow, which had been spelled with eo in Old English . At line 13,000 he changed his mind and went back to change all the eo spellings in the book, replacing them with e alone ( ben and knew ), to reflect

1550-528: The manuscript before the seventeenth century is unclear. From a signature on the flyleaf we know that it was in van Vliet 's collection in 1659. It was auctioned in 1666, after his death, and probably was purchased by Franciscus Junius , from whose library it came to the Bodleian as part of the Junius donation. The Ormulum consists of 18,956 lines of metrical verse, explaining Christian teaching on each of

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1600-469: The medieval street plan were rebuilt or at least refaced. Improved communications allowed a bottled-water industry to develop and coal to be delivered to the town's gas works. The local authority at the time, Bourne Urban District Council, was active in the town's interests, taking over the gas works and the local watercress beds at times of financial difficulty and running them as commercial ventures. Large numbers of good-quality council houses were built in

1650-591: The overly strict metre to the orthography might function only to aid oratory . Although earlier metrical homilies, such as those of Ælfric and Wulfstan , were based on the rules of Old English poetry , they took sufficient liberties with metre to be readable as prose. Orrm does not follow their example. Rather, he adopts a "jog-trot fifteener" for his rhythm, based on the Latin iambic septenarius , and writes continuously, neither dividing his work into stanzas nor rhyming his lines, again following Latin poetry. Orrm

1700-407: The period of composition more precisely. Only one copy of the Ormulum exists, as Bodleian Library MS Junius 1. In its current state, the manuscript is incomplete: the book's table of contents claims that there were 242 homilies, but only 32 remain. It seems likely that the work was never finished on the scale planned when the table of contents was written, but much of the discrepancy

1750-407: The pronunciation. The combination of this system with the rigid metre, and the stress patterns this meter implies, provides enough information to reconstruct his pronunciation with some precision; making the reasonable assumption that Orrm's pronunciation was in no way unusual, this permits scholars of the history of English to develop an exceptionally precise snapshot of exactly how Middle English

1800-481: The rest of the news trade estate. It is aimed at the top end of the game shooting market and also includes game fishing for the average shot who swops gun for rod out of season. The Scottish Sporting Gazette & International Traveller was acquired by BPG from John Ormiston in 1998. This is a ‘coffee table’ annual which concentrates itself on all things Scottish. BPG has remained a small specialist publisher, whose emphasis revolves around creating niche titles with

1850-586: The texts used in the mass throughout the church calendar. As such, it is the first new homily cycle in English since the works of Ælfric of Eynsham ( c.  990 ). The motivation was to provide an accessible English text for the benefit of the less educated, which might include some clergy who found it difficult to understand the Latin of the Vulgate , and the parishioners who in most cases would not understand spoken Latin at all. Each homily begins with

1900-512: The title of medieval Latin non-fiction works that the term speculum literature is used for the genre. The Danish name is not unexpected; the language of the Ormulum , an East Midlands dialect, is stringently of the Danelaw. It includes numerous Old Norse phrases (particularly doublets, where an English and Old Norse term are co-joined), but there are very few Old French influences on Orrm's language. Another—likely previous—East Midlands work,

1950-533: The titles from EMAP . Horse & Pony was re-launched in 2005 under a licence agreement with EMAP after an absence of four years following their closure of the title when their focus was turned exclusively to Your Horse. As a youth equestrian magazine, Horse & Pony sponsors the Pony Club . Fieldsports is the most recent publication to be launched by BPG, initially as a quarterly bookazine retailed exclusively through WH Smith before widening out through

2000-547: The town include Methodist , Baptist , United Reformed and Roman Catholic churches. Much of Bourne's 19th-century affluence came from the corn-trade boom that followed the mechanisation of fen drainage. The Corn Exchange in Abbey Road dates from 1870. Bourne has two County Council divisions: Bourne has three District Council wards, two having two councillors and the new ward, Austerby, having three councillors. Bourne Town Council has two wards which are identical to

2050-489: The ugliest of manuscripts". The parchment used in the manuscript is of the lowest quality, and the text is written untidily, with an eye to economical use of space; it is laid out in continuous lines like prose, with words and lines close together, and with various additions and corrections, new exegesis, and allegorical readings, crammed into the corners of the margins (as can be seen in the reproduction above). Robert Burchfield argues that these indications "suggest that it

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2100-510: The work a title: The name Orrm derives from Old Norse , meaning worm , serpent or dragon . With the suffix of "myn" for "man" (hence "Orrmin"), it was a common name throughout the Danelaw area of England. The metre probably dictated the choice between each of the two forms of the name. The title of the poem, Ormulum , is modeled after the Latin word speculum ("mirror"), so popular in

2150-508: Was a 'workshop' draft which the author intended to have recopied by a professional scribe". It seems curious that a text so obviously written with the expectation that it would be widely copied should exist in only one manuscript and that, apparently, a draft. Treharne has taken this as suggesting that it is not only modern readers who have found the work tedious. Orrm, however, says in the preface that he wishes Walter to remove any wording that he finds clumsy or incorrect. The provenance of

2200-461: Was humble about his oeuvre: he admits in the preface that he frequently has padded the lines to fill out the metre, "to help those who read it", and urges his brother Walter to edit the poetry to make it more meet. A brief sample may help to illustrate the style of the work. This passage explains the background to the Nativity : Rather than conspicuous literary merit, the chief scholarly value of

2250-566: Was known as the manor of Bourne Abbots. Whether the canons knew that name is less clear. The estate was given by the founder of the Abbey, Baldwin fitz Gilbert de Clare, son of Gilbert fitz Richard , and later benefactors. The abbey was established under the Arrouaisian order. Its fundamental rule was that of St Augustine and as time went on it came to be regarded as Augustinian . The Ormulum , an important Middle English Biblical gloss,

2300-423: Was launched in 1995. Competitors in the market are Dogs Today, a monthly magazine and Our Dogs and Dogs World, two weekly papers aimed at the show circuit. In March 2008, Dogs Monthly was acquired by a new publisher and re-launched very much as a look alike to Your Dog. The title has continued to post circulation increases in the last three ABC (Audit Bureau of Circulations UK) audit periods. In 2003, BPG purchased

2350-486: Was probably caused by the loss of gatherings from the manuscript. There is no doubt that such losses have occurred even in modern times, as the Dutch antiquarian Jan van Vliet , one of its seventeenth-century owners, copied out passages that are not in the present text. The amount of redaction in the text, plus the loss of possible gatherings, led J. A. W. Bennett to comment that "only about one fifth survives, and that in

2400-655: Was probably written in the abbey in around 1175. Bourne Castle was built on land that is now the Wellhead Gardens in South Street. Bourne was an important junction on the Victorian railway system, but all such connections were severed after the Second World War (see Railways section). The business stimulus it brought caused major development of the town and many of the buildings around

2450-544: Was pronounced in the Midlands in the second half of the twelfth century. Orrm's book has a number of innovations that make it valuable. As Bennett points out, Orrm's adaptation of a classical metre with fixed stress patterns anticipates future English poets, who would do much the same when encountering foreign language prosodies. The Ormulum is also the only specimen of the homiletic tradition in England between Ælfric and

2500-714: Was regarded as a separate settlement, with its own shops and street plan, but is now an area of Bourne known as The Austerby.( 52°45′47″N 0°22′12″W  /  52.763°N 0.370°W  / 52.763; -0.370  ( The Austerby ) ). The ecclesiastical parish of Bourne is part of the Beltisloe Deanery of the Diocese of Lincoln and based at the Abbey Church of St Peter and St Paul , in Church Walk. Other religious congregations in

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