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28-534: The building was built in the 1850s as a lumber yard. Its last incarnation before becoming the BPC was as a formica tabletop manufacturer that ran on DC current . Plywood scraps were used to heat the building in a pot-belly stove . In a 2002 article about the club in The New York Times , Holman talked about the then-risky choice to open the club on Bowery, which at the time was a "skid row": The Bowery

56-423: A chuck and tailstock to hold the workpiece, a spindle to mount the hob, and a drive motor. For a tooth profile which is theoretically involute , the fundamental rack is straight-sided, with sides inclined at the pressure angle of the tooth form, with flat top and bottom. The necessary addendum correction to allow the use of small-numbered pinions can either be obtained by suitable modification of this rack to

84-454: A cycloidal form at the tips, or by hobbing at a diameter other than the theoretical pitch. Since the gear ratio between hob and blank is fixed, the resulting gear will have the correct pitch on the pitch circle but the tooth thickness will not be equal to the space width. Hobbing machines are characterized by the largest module or pitch diameter it can generate. For example, a 10 in (250 mm) capacity machine can generate gears with

112-589: A hob . Hobbing is relatively fast and inexpensive compared to most other gear-forming processes and is used for a broad range of parts and quantities. Hobbing is especially common for machining spur and helical gears. A type of skiving that is analogous to the hobbing of external gears can be applied to the cutting of internal gears, which are skived with a rotary cutter (rather than shaped or broached ). Hobbing can create gears that are straight, helical, straight bevel, faced, crowned, wormed, cylkro and chamfered. A hobbing machine uses two skew spindles . One

140-511: A management buyout that also included executives from Shearson/American Express . After the sale, Formica group diversified with products such as solid surfacing and metal laminates . In 2007, Fletcher Building group purchased Formica Corp. from private equity investors Cerberus Capital Management , L.P. and Oaktree Capital Management , LLC for $ 700 million. In 2018, Fletcher Building announced plans to sell Formica to Broadview Holdings (parent of Trespa ) for NZD $ 1.226 billion (US$ 840 m);

168-436: A 10 in pitch diameter and usually a maximum of a 10 in face width. Most hobbing machines are vertical hobbers, meaning the blank is mounted vertically. Horizontal hobbing machines are usually used for cutting longer workpieces; i.e. cutting splines on the end of a shaft. The hob is a cutting tool used to cut the teeth into the workpiece. It is cylindrical in shape with helical cutting teeth. These teeth have grooves that run

196-653: A clearance in the gear's roots. Each hob tooth is relieved on its back side to reduce friction. Most hobs are single-thread hobs, but double-, and triple-thread hobs are used for high production volume shops. Multiple-thread hobs are more efficient but less accurate than single-thread hobs. Depending on type of gear teeth to be cut, there are custom made hobs and general purpose hobs. Custom made hobs are different from other hobs as they are suited to make gears with modified tooth profiles. Modified tooth profiles are usually used to add strength and reduce size and gear noise. Common types of hobs include: [REDACTED] Hobbing

224-458: A division of the Dutch company Broadview Holdings , consists of Formica Canada, Inc., Formica Corporation, Formica de Mexico S.A. de C.V., Formica IKI Oy, Formica Limited, Formica S.A., Formica S.A.S., Formica Taiwan Corporation, Formica (Thailand) Co., Ltd., Formica (Asia) Ltd., and others. The mineral mica was commonly used at that time for electrical insulation. Because the new product acted as

252-533: A joint performance venue with Duane Park, which relocated from TriBeCa . In the process, BPC dropped "Club" from its name, becoming "Bowery Poetry". The venue presents Duane Park's burlesque performances Tuesdays through Saturdays, with Bowery Poetry presenting shows on Saturday afternoons, Sundays, and Mondays. Bowery Poetry is operated by Bowery Arts + Science , a non-profit organization founded by Bob Holman, and run by filmmaker and poet Nikhil Melnechuk. Notes Formica (plastic) Formica Laminate

280-593: A silent business partner. The company began operations on 2 May 1913, and was immediately successful: by September, Formica Products Company employed eighteen people trying to fill the demand for electrical parts for Bell Electric Motor, Ideal Electric, and Northwest Electric. After the General Bakelite Company decided to sell resin for sheet insulation only to Westinghouse, allowing the Formica company other shapes with smaller markets, they switched to

308-610: A similar competitive phenolic resin, Redmanol. After patent litigation favorable to Baekeland in 1922, the Redmanol Chemical Products Company was merged with the General Bakelite Company (founded by Baekeland in 1910) and the Condensite Company (founded by J. W. Aylesworth) to form The Bakelite Corporation. An important application devised in the 1920s was the use of phenolic laminate fabric for gears; cut on conventional hobbing machines,

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336-450: A substitute "for mica", Faber used the name Formica as a trademark . The word already existed as the scientific name for wood ants , from which formic acid and the derivative formaldehyde compound used in the resin were first isolated. Formica laminate was invented in 1912 by Daniel J. O'Conor and Herbert A. Faber, while they were working at Westinghouse , resulting in a patent filing on 1 February 1913. U.S. Patent No. 1,284,432

364-626: Is a laminated composite material invented at the Westinghouse Electric Corporation in the United States in 1912. Originally used to replace mica in electrical applications, it has since been manufactured for multiple applications. It has been produced by Formica Group manufacturing sites across the globe since. Formica Group are best known for the company's classic product: a heat-resistant, wipe-clean laminate of paper with melamine resin . Formica Group,

392-538: Is a vein of change. Being blind is not the way to retain the aspects of the past that need to be honored. In order to change the world, you have to be in the world. As you get older, the risk of selling out and becoming part of that system stays real but it's mitigated by wanting to get in there and dig... I can't tell if we are making it in the big sense, but we're making an impression. The Bowery Poetry Club closed for renovations on July 17, 2012 and re-opened in March 2013 as

420-410: Is mounted with a blank workpiece and the other holds the cutter (or “hob”). The angle between the hob's spindle (axis) and the workpiece's spindle varies depending on the type of part being manufactured. For example, if a spur gear is being produced, the spindle is held at the lead angle of the hob, whereas if a helical gear is being produced, the held at the lead angle of the hob plus the helix angle of

448-470: Is still included in BS978-2a (Gears for instruments and clockwork mechanisms. Cycloidal type gears. Double circular arc type gears). Tolerances of concentricity of the hob limit the lower modules which can be cut practically by hobbing to about 0.5 module. Christian Schiele of Lancaster England patented the hobbing machine in 1856. It was a simple design, but the rudimentary components are all present in

476-690: Is then fed up into the workpiece until the correct tooth depth is obtained. To finish the operation, the hob is fed through the workpiece parallel to the blank's axis of rotation. Often during mass production, multiple blanks are stacked using a suitable fixture and cut in one operation. For very large gears, the blank may be preliminarily gashed to a rough shape to make hobbing more efficient. Hobbing machines, also known as hobbers , come in many sizes to produce different sizes of gears. Tiny instrument gears are produced on small table-top machines, while large-diameter marine gears are produced on large industrial machines. A hobbing machine typically consists of

504-555: Is used to make the following types of finished gears: Hobbing is used to produce most throated worm wheels , but certain tooth profiles cannot be hobbed. If any portion of the hob profile is perpendicular to the axis, the hob will not have the cutting clearance generated by the usual backing off process and will not cut well. For cycloidal gears (as used in BS978-2 Specification for fine pitch gears) and cycloidal-type gears, each module , ratio, and number of teeth in

532-401: The pinion requires a different hobbing cutter, so the hobbing is ineffective for small-volume production. To circumvent this problem, a special war-time emergency circular arc gear standard was produced giving a series of close-to-cycloidal forms which could be cut with a single hob for each module for eight teeth and upwards to economize on cutter manufacturing resources. A variant on this

560-477: The exclusive property of their originators. Cyanamid resolutely defended the Formica brand name.) Dan O'Conor, son of the inventor, remained as president of Formica Corp. after the acquisition. He was named vice president of Cyanamid in 1960 and executive vice president four years later. In 1967, O'Conor was paralyzed in an automobile accident and resigned from the company. He died in 1974 at the age of 57. In October 1984, American Cyanamid sold its Formica brand in

588-509: The gears were tough and quiet, which was important for automotive timing gears. By 1932, the Formica Insulation Company was producing 6,000 gear blanks per day for Chevrolet and other car makers. In 1927, Formica Insulation Company obtained a patent on an opaque barrier sheet that allowed the use of rotogravure printing to make wood-grained or marble-surfaced laminate, the first of many innovations that were to associate

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616-403: The helical gear. The speeds of the two spindles are held at a constant proportion determined by the number of teeth being cut into the blank; for example, for a single-threaded hob with a gear ratio of 40:1 the hob rotates 40 times to each turn of the blank, producing 40 teeth in the blank. If the hob has multiple threads, the speed ratio is multiplied by the number of threads on the hob. The hob

644-415: The length of the hob, which aid in cutting and chip removal. There are also special hobs designed for special gears such as the spline and sprocket gears. The cross-sectional shape of the hob teeth are almost the same shape as teeth of a rack gear that would be used with the finished product. There are slight changes to the shape for generating purposes, such as extending the hob's tooth length to create

672-645: The name "Formica" with decorative interior products. In 1938 melamine thermosetting resin was developed by American Cyanamid Company. It resisted heat, abrasion and moisture better than phenolic or urea resins and could be used to make more colors; soon after, the Formica Corporation was buying the entire output of melamine from American Cyanamid. During World War II , it manufactured "Pregwood" plastic-impregnated wooden aeroplane propellers and bomb parts. Post-war, engineering uses declined, ceasing in 1970 in favor of decorative laminates. The company

700-411: The sale was finalised the following year. Hobbing Hobbing is a machining process for gear cutting , cutting splines , and cutting sprockets using a hobbing machine , a specialized milling machine . The teeth or splines of the gear are progressively cut into the material (such as a flat, cylindrical piece of metal or thermoset plastic) by a series of cuts made by a cutting tool called

728-466: Was granted on 12 November 1918. O'Conor and Faber originally conceived it as a substitute for mica used as electrical insulation , made of wrapped woven fabric coated with Bakelite thermosetting resin, then slit lengthwise, flattened, and cured in a press. Immediately afterwards, O'Conor and Faber left Westinghouse to establish a business based on the product, enlisting lawyer and banker John G. Tomlin as an investor. Tomlin provided $ 7,500 capital as

756-621: Was headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio , for many years. After WWII, it entered the European market through a license agreement. In 1956, American Cyanamid acquired Formica Corp. The principal reason was to have a captive buyer for melamine, as Cyanamid was one of the largest producers. However, this was soon thwarted due to an anti-trust action by the US Department of Justice . Through a settlement agreement in 1964, American Cyanamid

784-597: Was required to sell its melamine plant at Willow Island, West Virginia. Cyanamid operated Formica Corp. as a fully consolidated subsidiary, rather than as an operating division, allowing it to retain the term "Formica" as a corporate name. This gave added protection to the trademark, helping to protect the word from becoming generic—which had been tried by many competitors, against whom Cyanamid gained legal injunctions—to protect this valuable trademark name. (Historically, trademarks owned by other corporations which had become generic words , such as "shredded wheat", were no longer

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