132-650: The Bowery Savings Bank was a bank in New York City , chartered in May 1834. In 1930, it was the largest bank in the USA based on total deposits. By 1980, it had over 35 branches in the New York metropolitan area . In 1992, it was sold to H. F. Ahmanson & Co. for $ 200 million. The bank's first branch at 130 Bowery was replaced twice; the current building on the site, designed by Stanford White and completed in 1895,
264-765: A frontage of 154.5 feet (47.1 m) on 42nd Street and a depth of 197.5 feet (60.2 m). On the same block, the Pershing Square Building is to the west and the Chanin Building is to the east. Other nearby buildings include the Grand Hyatt New York hotel to the north, the Chrysler Building to the northeast, the Socony–Mobil Building to the east, and 101 Park Avenue to the south. The completion of
396-578: A "modified Greek temple" as earlier bank buildings had. The building was instead designed in the Italian Romanesque Revival style, The Italian Romanesque design provided consistency to the facade, since the Pershing Square Building to the west was designed in a similar manner. York & Sawyer's ultimate design emphasized the juxtaposition of office and banking concerns in the building, which are stacked one above
528-406: A 65-foot-tall (20 m) ceiling. Architectural writer Robert A. M. Stern and Architecture and Building magazine give a figure of 75 by 200 feet (23 by 61 m), with a ceiling of 70 feet (21 m). The banking room uses marble, limestone , sandstone and bronze screens to create a space reminiscent of a basilica . The banking room can be entered from the 41st Street arch to the south;
660-445: A bank. The sandstone facade is divided into three vertical sections: the base, tower, and upper stories. Within the four-story base on 42nd Street, there is a small office entrance to the west, a large round-arched entrance at the center, and a smaller arcade to the east. The remainder of the facade is split by vertical piers into multiple bays . The ground floor contains a 80-by-197.5-foot (24.4 by 60.2 m) rectangular room behind
792-576: A banking room on the center, and the smaller "Chapel" section to the east. The annex and banking rooms use a mixture of materials on the walls and columns. According to the Landmarks Preservation Commission, these include ashlar as well as "marble, limestone, sandstone, imitation stone, and plaster". Valuables were stored in a bank vault in the basement, measuring 9 feet 8 inches (2.95 m) wide and 36 feet (11 m) deep. The York Safe and Lock Company built
924-631: A decade between Irish immigrants and Black people for work. Rioters burned the Colored Orphan Asylum to the ground. At least 120 people were killed. Eleven Black men were lynched over five days, and the riots forced hundreds of Blacks to flee. The Black population in Manhattan fell below 10,000 by 1865. The White working class had established dominance. It was one of the worst incidents of civil unrest in American history . In 1886,
1056-410: A large window. However, the doors on the 41st Street facade are located in a three-faced structure that projects slightly. The entrance arch on 41st Street is the same size as that on 42nd Street. Flanking the arch are three bays, two to the west (left) and one to the east (right) of the arch. These bays each contain two rectangular windows on the second floor, two arched windows on the third floor, and
1188-449: A mortgage loan that had been placed on its event venues at 110 East 42nd Street and 55 Wall Street . A special servicer took over the mortgage in 2021, but the two event venues were at risk of foreclosure by the end of that year. In December 2021, SL Green sold the building's 6th to 18th floors, as well as the building's garage, to Meadow Partners for $ 117 million. Meadow obtained $ 58.5 million from Apollo Global Management to finance
1320-590: A new branch structure to supplement its original building at 130 Bowery . The building was erected within " Terminal City ", a collection of buildings above the underground tracks surrounding Grand Central, and makes use of real-estate air rights above the tracks. The building is directly above the New York City Subway 's Grand Central–42nd Street station . As it was not a freestanding structure, 110 East 42nd Street deviated from traditional bank building designs, being laid out as an office building with
1452-600: A new building was constructed from 1921 to 1923 at 110 East 42nd Street between Park and Lexington Avenues across from Grand Central Terminal in Midtown Manhattan . It was designed by York and Sawyer in Italian Romanesque Revival style , with William Louis Ayres as the partner in charge. The huge interior, which measures 65 feet high, 80 feet wide and 197 1/2 feet long, utilizes marble, limestone, sandstone and bronze screens to create
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#17327755257641584-523: A part of the colony of New York . It became a center of slavery , with 42% of households enslaving Africans by 1730. Most were domestic slaves ; others were hired out as labor. Slavery became integrally tied to New York's economy through the labor of slaves throughout the port, and the banking and shipping industries trading with the American South . During construction in Foley Square in
1716-555: A proposal that was accepted. The value of the land at the future building site was extremely valuable; by 1923, the Rider's Guide to New York City referred to the blocks of East 42nd Street between Park and Fifth Avenues as "Little Wall Street ". The Bowery Savings Bank , then located at 130 Bowery in lower Manhattan, was among the parties which were seeking to add an uptown location. In September 1920, its trustees unanimously agreed to look for an uptown site. The trustees soon found
1848-514: A rectangular steel vault door measuring 36 inches (910 mm) thick. The New York Times described the space as one of the largest banking rooms in a New York City bank. Different sources cite conflicting dimensions for the room. According to the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission , the first-floor banking room measures 80 feet (24 m) wide and 197.5 feet (60.2 m) long with
1980-519: A reputation as a despotic leader. He instituted regulations on liquor sales, attempted to assert control over the Dutch Reformed Church , and blocked other religious groups from establishing houses of worship. In 1664, unable to summon any significant resistance, Stuyvesant surrendered New Amsterdam to English troops, led by Colonel Richard Nicolls , without bloodshed. The terms of the surrender permitted Dutch residents to remain in
2112-531: A result of Sandy, and the economic losses in New York City were estimated to be roughly $ 19 billion. The disaster spawned long-term efforts towards infrastructural projects to counter climate change and rising seas, with $ 15 billion in federal funding received through 2022 towards those resiliency efforts. In March 2020, the first case of COVID-19 in the city was confirmed. With its population density and its extensive exposure to global travelers,
2244-407: A rose window on the fourth floor. A driveway leading to an underground parking garage is located on the first floor underneath the leftmost bay. The upper floors are largely finished in limestone with marble spandrels and metal-framed windows. On the 42nd Street side above the four-story base, the 5th through 13th floors are articulated with vertical piers and window spandrels. The piers divide
2376-540: A second entrance facade at 228 Grand Street . White's choice of a Roman classical style for the building, a first, set a trend for bank buildings, first in New York, and then across the United States. The exterior features Corinthian columns and sculpted pediments by Frederic MacMonnies , while the interior gives the impression of a Roman temple, and is said to be one of the great spaces in New York. It features
2508-447: A single waiting and banking room, obviating the need for clerks to frequently walk between back-room desks and public-facing counters. The floor is made of polychrome marble, bordered by a cream-colored band of Traneville marble. The floor is arranged in multicolored patterns, laid in asymmetrical panels to resemble throw rugs. The patterns alternate between lozenges with stars, lozenges with squares, and hexagons. A wooden staircase at
2640-418: A site on 42nd Street. The bank's management were initially unenthusiastic about the 42nd Street site, because it was right next to the elevated Grand Central station . However, the bank's president pointed out that the original Bowery Savings Bank Building was itself next to an elevated line and that the 42nd Street location was very close to Grand Central Terminal and its attached subway station. Another issue
2772-474: A small arch provides access to the office tower's entrance vestibule, the elevator lobby, and the Grand Central–42nd Street subway station. The entrance contains a semicircular tympanum above the doorway, with a geometric pattern, as well as embossed surrounds on either side of the doorway. The words "The Bowery Savings Bank Building" are inscribed on top of the tympanum, and the building's address
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#17327755257642904-465: A space reminiscent of a basilica . It has been called "one of the great spaces of New York." A six-story addition to the east, which came to be called "The Chapel", was built in 1931–33. The building was designated a New York City landmark in 1996. The ground floor is now a Cipriani upscale event space. In April 2019, workers cleaning out a basement in Brooklyn discovered century-old records of
3036-729: A special provision in the state law, which allowed a savings bank to operate two branches if it merged with another savings bank. The Bowery Savings Bank took over the Universal Savings Bank in January 1921 and started operating a temporary branch next to Grand Central Terminal. That month, Mandel sold the Bowery Savings Bank the eastern half of the Grand Union Hotel site, which would be developed into an office building at 110 East 42nd Street. As per
3168-485: A speech denying the request, which was paraphrased on the front page of the New York Daily News as "FORD TO CITY: DROP DEAD." The Municipal Assistance Corporation was formed and granted oversight authority over the city's finances. While a resurgence in the financial industry greatly improved the city's economic health in the 1980s, New York's crime rate continued to increase through that decade and into
3300-409: Is 3 feet (0.91 m) higher on the eastern part of the building, due to the area's topography sloping downward to the east. Allegorical decorations, attributed to the firm of Ricci and Zari, are also placed on the facade. On the four-story base facing 42nd Street to the north, there is a large round-arched entrance taking up most of the facade, with detailed archivolts running on the underside of
3432-483: Is a global center of finance and commerce , culture , technology , entertainment and media , academics and scientific output , the arts and fashion , and, as home to the headquarters of the United Nations , international diplomacy . With an estimated population in 2023 of 8,258,035 distributed over 300.46 square miles (778.2 km ), the city is the most densely populated major city in
3564-467: Is an established safe haven for global investors. As of 2023 , New York City is the most expensive city in the world for expatriates and has by a wide margin the highest U.S. city residential rents; and Fifth Avenue is the most expensive shopping street in the world. New York City is home by a significant margin to the highest number of billionaires , individuals of ultra-high net worth (greater than US$ 30 million), and millionaires of any city in
3696-506: Is fully spelled out on the bottom of the tympanum. Above this archway are two pairs of windows, one each at the third and fourth floors. The third floor includes two rectangular windows and the fourth floor contains two arched grilles in place of window openings. To the east (left) is the six-story "Chapel" annex completed in 1933. The lower two floors contain a three-arched arcade with two granite columns. The rectangular third-floor windows and arched fourth-floor windows are similar to those on
3828-428: Is largely made of Ohio sandstone . On the 42nd Street side, there are also columns and colonettes made of pink granite; tiled wall copings ; and spandrels made of green marble. The spandrels separate metal-framed windows on each story. The 41st Street facade is made of sandstone on the first floor, and buff -colored bonded brick above it. At the bottom of both facades is a water table made of granite, which
3960-468: Is now an upscale venue. The bank decided to move its headquarters in 1920, and a new building was constructed from 1921 to 1923 at 110 East 42nd Street in Midtown Manhattan . Both of these buildings are New York City designated landmarks . The Bowery Savings Bank opened in 1834 at the site of what is now 128-130 Bowery in Manhattan . From 1930 to 1976, Bowery Savings was the largest savings bank in
4092-497: Is the most populous city in the United States , located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors . The city comprises five boroughs , each coextensive with a respective county . The city is the geographical and demographic center of both the Northeast megalopolis and the New York metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area in the U.S. by both population and urban area . New York
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4224-454: The 4 , 5 , 6 , <6> , 7 , <7> , and S trains, along its western side. To the south is the elevator lobby, which contains decorative floor tiling and six painted ceiling vaults. Six major trusses run perpendicular to the walls and are supported by twelve corbels, while smaller trusses run diagonally between alternating corbels. Six chandeliers hang from
4356-810: The Atlantic port to the agricultural markets and commodities of the North American interior via the Hudson River and the Great Lakes . Local politics became dominated by Tammany Hall , a political machine supported by Irish and German immigrants . In 1831, New York University was founded. Several prominent American literary figures lived in New York during the 1830s and 1840s, including William Cullen Bryant , Washington Irving , Herman Melville , Rufus Wilmot Griswold , John Keese , Nathaniel Parker Willis , and Edgar Allan Poe . Members of
4488-909: The Crown , with as many as 10,000 escaped slaves crowded into the city during the British occupation, the largest such community on the continent. When the British forces evacuated New York at the close of the war in 1783, they transported thousands of freedmen for resettlement in Nova Scotia , England, and the Caribbean . The attempt at a peaceful solution to the war took place at the Conference House on Staten Island between American delegates, including Benjamin Franklin , and British general Lord Howe on September 11, 1776. Shortly after
4620-563: The IRT Lexington Avenue Line ( 4 , 5 , 6 , and <6> trains), was to be built diagonally under the building site as part of the agreement. At the time, the site under the proposed station was occupied by Grand Union Hotel, which was condemned via eminent domain in February 1914. The condemnation proceedings for the hotel cost $ 3.5 million (equal to $ 76.3 million in 2023 ). To pay
4752-742: The New York City Fire Department and 71 law enforcement officers. The area was rebuilt with a new World Trade Center , the National September 11 Memorial and Museum , and other new buildings and infrastructure, including the World Trade Center Transportation Hub , the city's third-largest hub. The new One World Trade Center is the tallest skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere and the seventh-tallest building in
4884-1000: The Northwest Passage to the Orient for the Dutch East India Company . He sailed up what the Dutch called North River (now the Hudson River), named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange . Hudson claimed the region for the Dutch East India Company. In 1614, the area between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay was claimed by the Netherlands and called Nieuw-Nederland (' New Netherland '). The first non–Native American inhabitant of what became New York City
5016-576: The Statue of Liberty , a gift from France , was dedicated in New York Harbor. The statue welcomed 14 million immigrants as they came to the U.S. via Ellis Island by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and is a symbol of the United States and American ideals of liberty and peace. In 1898, the City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn (until then a separate city),
5148-709: The Stonewall riots were a series of violent protests by members of the gay community against a police raid that took place in the early morning of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village . They are widely considered to be the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBT rights . Wayne R. Dynes , author of the Encyclopedia of Homosexuality , wrote that drag queens were
5280-433: The party wall on the eastern side of the banking room. The design is similar to that of the banking room, with limestone and sandstone walls. A second floor loggia overlooks the northern end of the annex's first floor, and below that is a set of double doors leading to the central arch of the arcade along 42nd Street. There are two chandeliers and a painted rhombus pattern on the flat ceiling. A patterned frieze runs near
5412-612: The steamship General Slocum caught fire in the East River , killing 1,021 people. In 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire , the city's worst industrial disaster, killed 146 garment workers and spurred the growth of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union and major improvements in factory safety standards. New York's non-White population was 36,620 in 1890. New York City
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5544-612: The waterfronts since Dutch colonial times; reclamation is most prominent in Lower Manhattan, with developments such as Battery Park City in the 1970s and 1980s. Some of the natural relief in topography has been evened out, especially in Manhattan. 110 East 42nd Street 110 East 42nd Street , also known as the Bowery Savings Bank Building , is an 18-story office building in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City . The structure
5676-404: The 18th story consists of four windows that each contain three panes. On the 17th floor, at the top of 110 East 42nd Street's tower section, are tiled copings . At the 42nd Street facade, a flagpole extends from the center of the tower section at the fifth floor, directly above the center of the archway. On the 41st Street side, the facade rises nine stories from ground level, with a cornice at
5808-552: The 1990s, the African Burying Ground was discovered; the cemetery included 10,000 to 20,000 graves of colonial-era Africans, some enslaved and some free. The 1735 trial and acquittal in Manhattan of John Peter Zenger , who had been accused of seditious libel after criticizing colonial governor William Cosby , helped to establish freedom of the press in North America . In 1754, Columbia University
5940-538: The 19th century, the city was transformed by both commercial and residential development relating to its status as a national and international trading center , as well as by European immigration, respectively. The city adopted the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 , which expanded the city street grid to encompass almost all of Manhattan. The 1825 completion of the Erie Canal through central New York connected
6072-406: The 42nd Street arch to the north; the office building's vestibule to the northeast; and two doorways leading to the passenger- and freight-elevator lobbies to the west. The floor slopes upward toward the south end of the room, since the 41st Street entrance is slightly higher than the entrance on 42nd Street. Another ramp slopes upward toward the "Chapel" annex to the east. The 42nd Street branch had
6204-428: The 42nd Street archway were replaced with a glass window in 1962. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) first considered designating the Bowery Savings Bank branch at 110 East 42nd Street as a landmark in 1966. A year after the Bowery Savings Bank was acquired by H. F. Ahmanson & Co. in 1991, the building's ownership was jointly transferred to Ahmanson and a limited partnership , which owned
6336-428: The 42nd Street branch on the first day of operation. Customers registered 33,803 new accounts in the following nine months, and total deposits at the 42nd Street branch increased by $ 25 million in that time period (equal to $ 348.1 million in 2023 ). The presence of the new Bowery Savings Bank branch and of brokerage firms on 42nd Street bolstered its reputation as a "Little Wall Street". Some alterations were made to
6468-405: The Bowery Savings Bank was planning its new uptown location, savings banks in New York were mostly limited to one location, a restriction that was not lifted until 1923. In November 1920, the bank circumvented this restriction by acquiring the Universal Savings Bank in lower Manhattan, which then relocated to 42nd Street. The Bowery Savings Bank was the first bank in the state to take advantage of
6600-485: The Bowery Savings Bank. Archivists moved rapidly to secure at least some of these records. While the historical value was not immediately known, a historian told The New York Times they could “be priceless”. In the 1920s, Henry Miller wrote a short text about the architecture of this bank, in a short text he called mezzotint and whose title was A Bowery Phoenix . Notes Bibliography New York City New York , often called New York City or NYC ,
6732-529: The Bowery Savings Bank. The bank had seen $ 1.5 million in deposits (equivalent to $ 26,824,219 in 2023 ) "on one day recently", compared to the $ 2,020 deposited on the original branch's opening day in 1834 (equivalent to $ 61,650 in 2023 ). The 42nd Street branch's managers referred to the location as the "42nd Street Office of the Bowery Savings Bank", refusing to call it a "branch". The bank's 42nd Street branch opened on June 25, 1923, with 5,600 accounts, more than half of which had been transferred from
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#17327755257646864-700: The British occupation began, the Great Fire of New York destroyed nearly 500 buildings, about a quarter of the structures in the city, including Trinity Church . In January 1785, the assembly of the Congress of the Confederation made New York City the national capital. New York was the last capital of the U.S. under the Articles of Confederation and the first capital under the Constitution of
6996-530: The Bronx , and Staten Island . Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District, Manhattan , New York City has been called both the world's premier financial and fintech center and the most economically powerful city in the world. As of 2022 , the New York metropolitan area is the largest metropolitan economy in the world , with a gross metropolitan product of over US$ 2.16 trillion. If
7128-504: The County of New York (which then included parts of the Bronx), the County of Richmond, and the western portion of the County of Queens. The opening of the New York City Subway in 1904, first built as separate private systems, helped bind the new city together. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication. In 1904,
7260-603: The Dutch West India Company relinquished its monopoly over the fur trade, leading to growth in the production and trade of food, timber, tobacco, and slaves (particularly with the Dutch West Indies ). In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant began his tenure as the last Director-General of New Netherland. During his tenure, the population of New Netherland grew from 2,000 to 8,000. Stuyvesant has been credited with improving law and order; however, he earned
7392-544: The Dutch colonial Director-General Peter Minuit , as charged by the Dutch West India Company , purchased the island of Manhattan from the Canarsie , a small Lenape band, for "the value of 60 guilders " (about $ 900 in 2018). A frequently told but disproved legend claims that Manhattan was purchased for $ 24 worth of glass beads. Following the purchase, New Amsterdam grew slowly. To attract settlers,
7524-613: The Dutch instituted the patroon system in 1628, whereby wealthy Dutchmen ( patroons , or patrons) who brought 50 colonists to New Netherland would be awarded land, local political autonomy, and rights to participate in the lucrative fur trade. This program had little success. Since 1621, the Dutch West India Company had operated as a monopoly in New Netherland, on authority granted by the Dutch States General . In 1639–1640, in an effort to bolster economic growth,
7656-549: The IRT Lexington Avenue Line's 42nd Street station opened in 1918, the site above the station was not developed as planned. The Transit Commission attempted to sell the building site in May 1920 for $ 2.8 million (equal to $ 32.3 million in 2023 ), but no one placed a bid. Then in July 1920, a realty consortium headed by investor Henry Mandel offered $ 2.9 million for the hotel (equal to $ 33.4 million in 2023 ),
7788-597: The Native Americans and epidemics brought on by contact with the Europeans caused sizeable population losses for the Lenape between 1660 and 1670. By 1700, the Lenape population had diminished to 200. New York experienced several yellow fever epidemics in the 18th century, losing ten percent of its population in 1702 alone. In the early 18th century, New York grew in importance as a trading port while as
7920-480: The New York metropolitan area were its own country , it would have the tenth-largest economy in the world . Despite having a 24/7 rapid transit system , New York also leads the world in urban automobile traffic congestion . The city is home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by market capitalization of their listed companies: the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq . New York City
8052-716: The Revolutionary War and escaped slaves, a significant free-Black population gradually developed in Manhattan. The New York Manumission Society worked for abolition and established the African Free School to educate Black children. It was not until 1827 that slavery was completely abolished in the state . Free Blacks struggled with discrimination and interracial abolitionist activism continued. New York City's population jumped from 123,706 in 1820 (10,886 of whom were Black and of which 518 were enslaved) to 312,710 by 1840 (16,358 of whom were Black). Also in
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#17327755257648184-526: The USA, based on total deposits. By 1980, it had over 35 branches located in the boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn , and Queens , as well as Nassau and Suffolk counties on Long Island . When bank deregulation was enacted, the bank began to suffer losses as a result of rising savings account interest rates. By 1982, the bank was running out of cash; in 1985, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) arranged for
8316-415: The United States . As the U.S. capital, New York City hosted the inauguration of the first President, George Washington , and the first Congress , at Federal Hall on Wall Street . Congress drafted the Bill of Rights there. The Supreme Court held its first organizational sessions in New York in 1790. In 1790, for the first time, New York City surpassed Philadelphia as the nation's largest city. At
8448-436: The United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York City, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. In 2021, the city was home to nearly 3.1 million residents born outside the U.S., the largest foreign-born population of any city in the world. New York City traces its origins to Fort Amsterdam and a trading post founded on Manhattan Island by Dutch colonists around 1624. The settlement
8580-416: The United States. New York City has more than double the population of Los Angeles , the nation's second-most populous city. With more than 20.1 million people in its metropolitan statistical area and 23.5 million in its combined statistical area as of 2020, New York City is one of the world's most populous megacities . The city and its metropolitan area are the premier gateway for legal immigration to
8712-459: The Universal Savings branch. Just prior to the branch's opening, the bank moved $ 202 million of deposits (equal to $ 2.8 billion in 2023 ) the original branch to the new branch, using 14 armored cars guarded by 100 heavily armed policemen. The bank retained its original offices on Bowery. Upon the opening of 110 East 42nd Street, the branch had total deposits of $ 177 million (equal to $ 2.5 billion in 2023 ). There were 2,500 new accounts opened at
8844-449: The acquisition. By June 2022, King Street Capital Management was considering giving Cipriani $ 150 million to refinance the debt on 110 East 42nd Street and 55 Wall Street. That September, W. P. Carey gave Cipriani a $ 52.1 million commercial mortgage-backed securities loan and a $ 28 million mezzanine loan for the two properties. Shortly after the building was completed, Charles G. Loring of Architectural Forum wrote in 1928 that
8976-413: The addition, while Marc Eidlitz & Son, Inc. erected the structure. The Chapel annex was completed by 1933. The fifth floor facade's marble colonnettes were replaced with granite ones in 1951, and the annex's windows and entrance were redesigned in 1956. A plaque was erected outside 110 East 42nd Street in 1957, designating it as a point of interest and an unofficial "landmark". The screen above
9108-408: The arch, stretching 65 feet (20 m) tall; this was originally the banking room. An annex known as the "Chapel" is to the east of the banking room, and an elevator vestibule and subway entrance are to the west. The other floors are used as offices. 110 East 42nd Street, as well as the adjacent Pershing Square Building, were built on the site of the Grand Union Hotel. Construction started in 1921 and
9240-460: The archway. The arch measures 27 feet (8.2 m) wide and 47 feet (14 m) high. The large ground-floor arch leads to the giant banking room inside. A short flight of stairs leads to a set of doors, above which is a large window that fills the rest of the arch opening. There are voussoirs running along the top of the arch, with a carved motif located within every other voussoir. A pair of rose windows , small circular apertures, are located at
9372-432: The area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême (New Angoulême ). A Spanish expedition, led by the Portuguese captain Estêvão Gomes sailing for Emperor Charles V , arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 and charted the mouth of the Hudson River , which he named Río de San Antonio ('Saint Anthony's River'). In 1609, the English explorer Henry Hudson rediscovered New York Harbor while searching for
9504-480: The bank to be sold to Richard Ravitch and others. It was sold for $ 100 million and allowed to maintain a capital deficit of $ 220 million rather than pay out on the $ 5 billion in deposits. In 1992, it was sold to H. F. Ahmanson & Co. for $ 200 million. The name was changed by 1992 to Home Savings of America . In 1995, Ahmanson sold their New York operations to Greenpoint Savings Bank . By 2004, Greenpoint had been sold to North Fork Bank , and in 2007, North Fork
9636-548: The beginning of the 1990s. By the mid-1990s, crime rates started to drop dramatically due to revised police strategies, improving economic opportunities, gentrification , and new residents, both American transplants and new immigrants from Asia and Latin America. New York City's population exceeded 8 million for the first time in the 2000 United States census ; further records were set in 2010 , and 2020 U.S. censuses. Important new sectors, such as Silicon Alley , emerged in
9768-450: The building as a condominium . The LPC hosted public hearings in 1993 to determine whether to designate the Bowery Savings Bank branch at 110 East 42nd Street, as well as the interior of the 130 Grand Street branch, as city landmarks. Greenpoint Bank took over the banking spaces in 1995, after having bought many of Ahmanson's branches. 110 East 42nd Street's facade and interior were designated as city landmarks in 1996. SL Green bought
9900-554: The building as having been inspired by Byzantine architecture , while architect and writer Robert A. M. Stern described the edifice as containing elements of both the Byzantine and the Romanesque. York and Sawyer's original plans for 110 East 42nd Street called for a four-story-tall banking room, topped by thirteen office floors, to extend the width of the block between 41st and 42nd Streets. A hip-roofed penthouse on top of
10032-441: The building for $ 111.5 million, funding the purchase with a loan of $ 124 million from Carlton Advisory Services. By 2011, Gotham was unable to pay the remaining $ 90 million of its loan. In an attempt to avoid foreclosure, the loan servicer split the loan into a $ 65 million interest-payable note and a $ 25 million interest-free note. This failed and SL Green took back the property in 2011, paying $ 85.5 million. SL Green also bought
10164-509: The building in March 1998 and subsequently renovated the lobby as well as replaced the elevators. The ground-floor banking room was converted to a Cipriani restaurant and upscale event space, with Cipriani finalizing the deal for the new location in January 1999. At the same time, with the renovation and revival of Grand Central in the late 1990s, large tenants began occupying 110 East 42nd's office space. In 2007, Gotham Realty Holdings bought
10296-416: The building's garage in 2013. By 2014, the building was completely occupied by tenants such as The Princeton Review , Metro-North Railroad , and Morgan, Lewis & Bockius . At the time, the restrooms and corridors on the office floors had just been upgraded. The areas immediately surrounding Grand Central, including 110 East 42nd, had 1.8 million square feet (170,000 m ) of air rights above
10428-587: The business elite lobbied for the establishment of Central Park , which in 1857 became the first landscaped park in an American city. The Great Irish Famine brought a large influx of Irish immigrants, of whom more than 200,000 were living in New York by 1860, representing over a quarter of the city's population. Extensive immigration from the German provinces meant that Germans comprised another 25% of New York's population by 1860. Democratic Party candidates were consistently elected to local office, increasing
10560-651: The ceiling at the locations where the diagonal trusses cross each other. The elevator doors contain bronze panels with various embossed motifs. In 1913, the Dual Contracts were signed by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) and the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT), two companies which operated parts of the present New York City Subway. A set of platforms at Grand Central, now serving
10692-460: The ceiling, each of which has three tiers. The central lamp was modeled after that of the Hagia Sophia . Originally, the center of the ceiling had a skylight with twelve panels of pale amber glass. The skylight measures 35 by 60 feet (11 by 18 m). The "Chapel" annex is located to the east of the banking room's northern section, connected via two large rectangular openings cut through
10824-561: The city from New Jersey. The East River—a tidal strait —flows from Long Island Sound and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The Harlem River , another tidal strait between the East and Hudson rivers, separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx. The Bronx River , which flows through the Bronx and Westchester County , is the only entirely freshwater river in the city. The city's land has been altered substantially by human intervention, with considerable land reclamation along
10956-439: The city rapidly replaced Wuhan , China as the global epicenter of the pandemic during the early phase, straining the city's healthcare infrastructure. Through March 2023, New York City recorded more than 80,000 deaths from COVID-19-related complications. New York City is situated in the northeastern United States , in southeastern New York State, approximately halfway between Washington, D.C. and Boston . Its location at
11088-632: The city's economy. The advent of Y2K was celebrated with fanfare in Times Square . New York City suffered the bulk of the economic damage and largest loss of human life in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, attacks . Two of the four airliners hijacked that day were flown into the twin towers of the World Trade Center, resulting in the collapse of both buildings and the deaths of 2,753 people, including 343 first responders from
11220-794: The city's ties to the South and its dominant party. In 1861, Mayor Fernando Wood called on the aldermen to declare independence from Albany and the United States after the South seceded, but his proposal was not acted on. Anger at new military conscription laws during the American Civil War (1861–1865), which spared wealthier men who could afford to hire a substitute, led to the Draft Riots of 1863 , whose most visible participants were ethnic Irish working class. The draft riots deteriorated into attacks on New York's elite, followed by attacks on Black New Yorkers after fierce competition for
11352-688: The colony and allowed for religious freedom. In 1667, during negotiations leading to the Treaty of Breda after the Second Anglo-Dutch War , the victorious Dutch decided to keep the nascent plantation colony of what is now Suriname , which they had gained from the English, and in return the English kept New Amsterdam. The settlement was promptly renamed "New York" after the Duke of York (the future King James II and VII). The duke gave part of
11484-622: The colony to proprietors George Carteret and John Berkeley . On August 24, 1673, during the Third Anglo-Dutch War , Anthony Colve of the Dutch navy seized New York at the behest of Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest and rechristened it "New Orange" after William III , the Prince of Orange . The Dutch soon returned the island to England under the Treaty of Westminster of November 1674. Several intertribal wars among
11616-409: The columns are made of Rouge Jaspe, Alps Green, Campan Melange, Rouge Royal, Tinos Green, and Levanto marbles. Each column measures 25 feet (7.6 m) high and has a diameter of 3 feet 2 inches (0.97 m). The columns' bases and capitals are made of Indiana limestone in high relief . The arches were nearly completely filled with mosaic designs, except for stone grilles that concealed
11748-402: The counter on its north and south sides. The screen was capped by what Architectural Forum described as "21 squat immortal penny-savers in pierced levanto". Behind the screen, and on the desks, were reflectors that illuminated the work space. The east and west walls each have five arches supported by six polished-marble columns, each of a different color. Proceeding from north to south,
11880-417: The development of large housing tracts in eastern Queens and Nassau County , with Wall Street leading America's place as the world's dominant economic power. The United Nations headquarters was completed in 1952, solidifying New York's global geopolitical influence, and the rise of abstract expressionism in the city precipitated New York's displacement of Paris as the center of the art world. In 1969,
12012-428: The east, which came to be called "The Chapel", was proposed in March 1931. York and Sawyer filed plans for the annex that August. The first floor of the annex would contain offices for administration, collection, information, a nd new accounts. The second story would include mortgage offices; the third story would be for the controller's department; and the fourth story would include service rooms. Louis Ayres designed
12144-410: The edifice was "a castle in the clouds brought to earth, and the ticket of admission is only a stiff little deposit book." Though the Bowery Savings Bank had 200,000 depositors at the time of the building's opening, Loring wrote that each depositor could say of the banking hall: "This was built for me; herein am I privileged." On the other hand, historian and author George Harold Edgell wrote: "From
12276-406: The end of 1790, the national capital was moved to Philadelphia . During the 19th century, New York City's population grew from 60,000 to 3.43 million. Under New York State's gradual emancipation act of 1799, children of slave mothers were to be eventually liberated but to be held in indentured servitude until their mid-to-late twenties. Together with slaves freed by their masters after
12408-426: The extensive use of marble, in the teller's counters — which are made of yellow Siena marble — the walls, and the mosaic floors. In addition, White employed faux marble scagliola columns, coffered ceilings and stairs and skylights made of cast iron . The exterior of the original building was designated by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission as an official city landmark in 1966, and
12540-459: The facade into five bays: four above the main banking entrance in the center, and one bay above the office-building entrance on the west (right) side. Each bay contains two windows on each floor. Horizontal cornices with corbeling are located above the 14th and 17th floors. There is an arcade running across the 5th story facade, as well as another arcade running across the 15th and 16th stories. The 17th story contains round-arched window openings while
12672-457: The founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island . In 1625, construction was started on a citadel and Fort Amsterdam , later called Nieuw Amsterdam (New Amsterdam), on present-day Manhattan Island. The colony of New Amsterdam extended from the southern tip of Manhattan to modern-day Wall Street , where a 12-foot (3.7 m) wooden stockade was built in 1653 to protect against Native American and English raids. In 1626,
12804-405: The fourth floor flanking the top of the arch. An arcade with arched openings runs along the fifth floor facade. Also above this large arch are carvings of numerous animals that represent facets of the savings industry. These include a squirrel, a rooster, a dog, a lion, an owl, an eagle, a human with keys, and a farmer. To the west of the main archway (on the right side as seen from 42nd Street),
12936-473: The ice (and its subsequent retreat) contributed to the separation of what is now Long Island and Staten Island. That action left bedrock at a relatively shallow depth, providing a solid foundation for most of Manhattan's skyscrapers. The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley into New York Bay . Between New York City and Troy, New York , the river is an estuary . The Hudson River separates
13068-484: The interior was given the same designation in 1994. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It is currently "Capitale", restaurant, night club and event space which is popular as a wedding site. In 2012, the connected building at 124 Bowery, designed by York & Sawyer and completed in 1902, was also designated a landmark. The bank decided to move its headquarters in 1920, and
13200-554: The last American stronghold in Manhattan, causing George Washington and his forces to retreat across the Hudson River to New Jersey , pursued by British forces. After the battle, in which the Americans were defeated, the British made the city their military and political base of operations in North America. The city was a haven for Loyalist refugees and escaped slaves who joined the British lines for freedom promised by
13332-404: The main building in 1927, including the installation of a clock, bronze display cases, and revolving doors outside the 42nd Street entrance. The bank established a safe-deposit department at its 42nd Street branch in March 1929, with 2,924 safe-deposit boxes in seven sizes. By the end of that year, the bank had installed 860 more safe-deposit boxes to address growing demand. A six-story addition to
13464-419: The most populous urbanized area in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking London . The metropolitan area surpassed 10 million in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity . The Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello La Guardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance. Returning World War II veterans created a post-war economic boom and
13596-616: The mouth of the Hudson River , which feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the Atlantic Ocean , has helped the city grow in significance as a trading port. Most of the city is built on the three islands of Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island. During the Wisconsin glaciation , 75,000 to 11,000 years ago, the New York City area was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet . The erosive forward movement of
13728-408: The northeastern corner of the banking room leads to the basement; it contains Levanto marble walls and parapet, as well as wooden handrails. The marble tellers' counter, 50 inches (130 cm) high, was in the middle of the banking room. The high wainscot and counter base were made of Rosso Levanto marble. A bronze teller's screen ran above the surface of the teller's counter. There were openings in
13860-509: The office floors from 2007 to 2011, and Meadow Partners took ownership of the office stories in December 2021. 110 East 42nd Street is in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City . It is bounded by 42nd Street to the north and 41st Street to the south, in the middle of the city block between Park Avenue to the west and Lexington Avenue to the east. The L-shaped land lot occupies 25,613 square feet (2,379.5 m ), with
13992-432: The office floors would bring the building's height to 18 floors. The building has a frontage of 104 feet (32 m) on 42nd Street and extends 198 feet (60 m) to the back of the lot at 41st Street. As it was not a freestanding structure, 110 East 42nd Street deviated from traditional bank building designs, including that of the original main branch at Bowery and Grand Street. Most significantly, it did not resemble
14124-496: The only " transgender folks around" during the June 1969 Stonewall riots. The transgender community in New York City played a significant role in fighting for LGBT equality. In the 1970s, job losses due to industrial restructuring caused New York City to suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates. Growing fiscal deficits in 1975 led the city to appeal to the federal government for financial aid; President Gerald Ford gave
14256-399: The openings for the heating system. The remainder of the walls are made of stone in various types and textures. Indiana limestone and Briar Hill and Buff Mountain sandstone are used for the main wall surfaces. Marble, artificial stone, and plaster are also used. The socle is made of Alps Green marble, and the walls above are made of limestone and sandstone. Near the top of the wall, there
14388-537: The other. The placement of offices above the banking hall reflected the limitations of the small site. The facade is divided into three vertical sections: the base, tower, and upper stories. The facade contains elements such as arcades , and cornices with corbelling . A variety of materials and colors are used for the building's individual elements. The facade elements are also decorated with representations of figures such as "birds, beasts, fantastic mythological creatures [and] human forms". The 42nd Street facade
14520-686: The point of view of sound economics it is shocking. From the point of beauty it is a complete success." The fifth edition of the AIA Guide to New York City referred to 110 East 42nd Street as "one of the great spaces of New York." A 1986 article in the Canadian newspaper The Globe and Mail said that 110 East 42nd Street "flaunts the power of New York money. Stupendously lavish, marbled and pillared and bronzed and tiled, it still has elegant Art Deco banking tables where you can write out cheques with an Art Deco ballpoint." Robert A. M. Stern wrote that
14652-597: The project was William Louis Ayres. The plans were filed with the New York City Department of Buildings in April 1921. Excavations had started in February 1921 in advance of the plans' approval, and that June, the building committee recommended to start construction immediately. Construction on the building officially commenced that July with a groundbreaking ceremony. By the time the new branch opened in 1923, there were 155,000 people with accounts at
14784-413: The purchase agreement between the bank and the corporation, the structures were to contain interlocking structures, including what was believed to be the city's tallest party wall separating two buildings. York and Sawyer , designers of several bank buildings in the eastern United States, had been hired to devise plans for the new Savings Bank at the site of the Grand Union Hotel. The lead architect on
14916-531: The station's construction cost, the Public Service Commission approved the construction of a 25-story building above the station. By May 1915, the building site had been excavated for the construction of the building. Despite the passage of the 1916 Zoning Resolution , which required architectural setbacks to provide light to the streets below, the building plans conformed with the older zoning codes, which did not require setbacks. Though
15048-462: The terminal and its rail yards. This allowed for the construction of developments with that maximum floor area above Grand Central. That year, some of 110 East 42nd's unused air rights were passed to One Vanderbilt , a 1,401-foot-tall (427 m) skyscraper being built a block to the west. In May 2020, amid a loss of income during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City , Cipriani defaulted on
15180-447: The top of the wall. The space to the west of the main banking room measures 20 feet (6.1 m) wide and 197.5 feet (60.2 m) long. It includes an entrance vestibule, as well as a lobby containing passenger and freight elevators. The vestibule, located to the north and facing 42nd Street, contains a ceiling with three ceiling vaults. It includes a staircase to the New York City Subway 's Grand Central–42nd Street station , serving
15312-404: The top of this section. Above the ninth floor, the building contains a 22-foot (6.7 m) setback , and the tower rises behind this setback to the 17th story. The 41st Street side is also articulated with vertical piers and window spandrels. It also contains five bays, with each bay containing two windows per floor. The first floor consists of three sections: an elevator vestibule on the west,
15444-623: The underground Grand Central Terminal in 1913 resulted in the rapid development of Terminal City , the area around Grand Central, as well as a corresponding increase in real-estate prices. Among these were the New York Central Building at 47th Street and Park Avenue, as well as the Grand Central Palace across 42nd Street from the present 110 East 42nd Street. By 1920, the area had become what The New York Times called "a great civic centre". The building
15576-415: The west side of the facade. Above the first- and second-floor arcade, there are four carved motifs, located at even intervals, as well as an inscription "A Mutual Institution Chartered 1834 To Serve Those Who Save". There is an arcade running across the 5th story facade. The facade of the base on 41st Street, to the south, is similar in that it also contains a large archivolted arch with a set of doors below
15708-529: The world by pinnacle height, with its spire reaching a symbolic 1,776 feet (541.3 m), a reference to the year of U.S. independence . The Occupy Wall Street protests in Zuccotti Park in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan began on September 17, 2011, receiving global attention and popularizing the Occupy movement against social and economic inequality worldwide. New York City
15840-513: The world. In 1664, New York was named in honor of the Duke of York (later King James II of England ). James's elder brother, King Charles II , appointed the Duke as proprietor of the former territory of New Netherland , including the city of New Amsterdam , when the Kingdom of England seized it from Dutch control. In the pre-Columbian era , the area of present-day New York City
15972-422: Was Juan Rodriguez , a merchant from Santo Domingo who arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613–14, trapping for pelts and trading with the local population as a representative of the Dutch colonists. A permanent European presence near New York Harbor was established in 1624, making New York the 12th-oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States , with
16104-566: Was heavily affected by Hurricane Sandy in late October 2012. Sandy's impacts included flooding that led to the days-long shutdown of the subway system and flooding of all East River subway tunnels and of all road tunnels entering Manhattan except the Lincoln Tunnel . The New York Stock Exchange closed for two days due to weather for the first time since the Great Blizzard of 1888 . At least 43 people died in New York City as
16236-420: Was a deep-red frieze with white figures. The ceiling above the banking room contains six deep beams, which are actually steel trusses. These beams are supported by imitation-stone corbels on the walls, which conceal steel brackets beneath. The ceiling is coated with six layers of materials, giving the impression that it contains coffers and small wooden beams. Six cast-bronze chandeliers are anchored from
16368-539: Was a prime destination in the early 20th century for Blacks during the Great Migration from the American South, and by 1916, New York City had the largest urban African diaspora in North America. The Harlem Renaissance of literary and cultural life flourished during the era of Prohibition . The larger economic boom generated construction of skyscrapers competing in height. New York City became
16500-409: Was completed in 1923, and an addition was built between 1931 and 1933. Its facade and banking hall were made New York City designated landmarks in 1996. The building was sold to SL Green in 1998, and the former banking space was turned into an event venue and banquet hall operated by Cipriani S.A. The upper floors of 110 East 42nd Street continue to be used as an office building. Gotham Realty owned
16632-481: Was designed in the Italian Romanesque Revival style by York and Sawyer , with William Louis Ayres as the partner in charge. It is on the south side of 42nd Street , across from Grand Central Terminal to the north and between the Pershing Square Building to the west and the Chanin Building to the east. 110 East 42nd Street is named for the Bowery Savings Bank , which had erected the building as
16764-434: Was designed in the Italian Romanesque Revival style by the firm of York & Sawyer . The design shares many elements with the Pershing Square Building directly to the west, which was also co-designed by York & Sawyer. The George A. Fuller Company was the general contractor, and numerous other contractors and material suppliers were involved in the building's construction. Architecture and Building characterized
16896-862: Was founded. The Stamp Act Congress met in New York in October 1765, as the Sons of Liberty organization emerged in the city and skirmished over the next ten years with British troops stationed there. The Battle of Long Island , the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War , was fought in August 1776 within modern-day Brooklyn. A British rout of the Continental Army at the Battle of Fort Washington in November 1776 eliminated
17028-534: Was inhabited by Algonquians , including the Lenape . Their homeland, known as Lenapehoking , included the present-day areas of Staten Island , Manhattan , the Bronx , the western portion of Long Island (including Brooklyn and Queens ), and the Lower Hudson Valley . The first documented visit into New York Harbor by a European was in 1524 by explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano . He claimed
17160-468: Was named New Amsterdam in 1626 and was chartered as a city in 1653. The city came under English control in 1664 and was temporarily renamed New York after King Charles II granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York , before being permanently renamed New York in November 1674. New York City was the U.S. capital from 1785 until 1790. The modern city was formed by the 1898 consolidation of its five boroughs : Manhattan , Brooklyn , Queens ,
17292-410: Was sold to Capital One Bank . From 1972 to 1992, baseball Hall-of-Famer Joe DiMaggio was spokesman for the Bowery Savings Bank. The bank's headquarters at 128–130 Bowery between Broome and Grand Streets was designed by Stanford White of the architecture firm of McKim, Mead & White , and built in 1893–95. The L-shaped building continues from Bowery through to Elizabeth Street, and has
17424-415: Was that a standalone bank building at 42nd Street was too expensive, so the building would also have to contain offices. The trustees bought the lot in November 1920 and established a committee the next month to draw up plans. The Bowery Savings Bank's decision reflected the northward movement of commerce in Manhattan , as well as the influence of suburbs on new development in New York City's core. When
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