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44-630: Boxpark is a food and retail park made out of refitted shipping containers in Britain. It was founded by Roger Wade, who described it as the "world's first pop-up mall". The first Boxpark was launched in Shoreditch in 2011, another was built in Croydon next to East Croydon station in 2016, and a third opened in Wembley in late 2018. According to its founder Roger Wade, who started out with

88-555: A plastic carrier bag cash refund scheme in 1991 - “the penny back scheme”. The scheme is reported to save 970 tonnes of plastic per annum. The scheme has now been extended to a penny back on a voucher which can be contributed to schools registered on the scheme; it estimates this will raise the savings in plastic to 2500 tonnes per annum. In some developing nations like India and Pakistan, the cost of new bottles often forces manufacturers to collect and refill old glass bottles for selling cola and other drinks. India and Pakistan also have

132-707: A covered seating area, as it was found that trade dropped off during the winter months in Shoreditch when it was exposed to the elements. Boxpark Croydon has 36 shop units and is focused on dining and drink outlets. It opened in October 2016. It also hosts events such as music performances, kickboxing and screenings of films and football matches. The resident DJ of the Croydon is DJ Jay Knox. A third Boxpark opened near Wembley Stadium in December 2018. Boxpark Wembley

176-468: A factory environment in order to meet the same/similar specifications as new products. When the item is resold under the same OEM name, it is informally considered a "gray market" item - if it is sold as used, it's legal, if it's represented as an OEM product eligible for rebates and warranties , it is considered "counterfeit" or "black market". The automobile parts industry in the USA is governed by laws on

220-602: A fraction of original manufacturing costs. If we are going to be serious about living in a Circular Economy we need to recognise the value of our waste and ensure resources are kept in the economy for longer, slow down the use of valuable raw materials and ensure that products are reused and materials are recycled rather than landfilled. The most involved reuse organizations are "repair and overhaul" industries which take valuable parts, such as engine blocks , office furniture , toner cartridges , single-use cameras , aircraft hulls , and cathode ray tubes (CRTs) and refurbish them in

264-455: A friend was running retail developments, so some time in 2008-09 I wondered 'why not build a whole retail development out of containers?" The first Boxpark was built in 2011 and was described "the world's first pop up mall". However, by then shipping containers had already been used as pop-up shops, office and retail spaces around the world, for example the portable Puma City shop in US cities, and

308-548: A large quantity of cargo to be bundled into a single unit. Since this leads to fewer units to load, it saves ground crews time and effort and helps prevent delayed flights. Each ULD has its own packing list, manifest, or tracking identification to improve control and tracking of contents Custom containers are used for shipments of products such as scientific instruments, weapons and aviation components. Customized cushioning , blocking and bracing, carrying handles, lift rings, locks, etc. are common to facilitate handling and to protect

352-460: A milk bottle is returned 12 times, whereas a lemonade bottle with a 15p deposit is returned, on average, only 3 times. Refillable bottles are used extensively in many European countries; for example in Denmark , 98% of bottles are refillable, and 98% of those are returned by consumers. These systems are typically supported by deposit laws and other regulations. Sainsbury Ltd have operated

396-480: A physical space (a reuse center), and others act as a matching service (a virtual exchange). Reuse centers generally maintain both warehouses and trucks. They take possession of the donated materials and make them available for redistribution or sale. Virtual exchanges do not have physical space or trucks, but instead allow users to post listings of materials available and wanted (for free or at low cost) on an online materials exchange website. Staff will help facilitate

440-442: A poor strategy for businesses, there are business models that provide opportunities to retain ownership of valuable products and components through leasing, servicing, repair and re-sale. While it is choices made by consumers that will ultimately determine the success of such ventures, there is huge potential for the reuse of goods and materials to deliver social and economic and environmental benefits. The EU Circular Economy Package,

484-466: A product can reduce CO 2 emissions and carbon footprint by more than 50% relative to the complete product life cycle. A relatively unknown effective way to reduce CO 2 emissions and carbon footprint is reusing products. Often the relative carbon footprint of manufacturing and the supply chain is unknown. A Pigovian tax is an environmental tax : a charge on items that reflects the environmental costs of their manufacture and disposal. This makes

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528-661: A repurposed used reefer container. Reuse Reuse is the action or practice of using an item, whether for its original purpose (conventional reuse) or to fulfill a different function ( creative reuse or repurposing ). It should be distinguished from recycling , which is the breaking down of used items to make raw materials for the manufacture of new products. Reuse—by taking, but not reprocessing, previously used items—helps save time, money, energy and resources. In broader economic terms, it can make quality products available to people and organizations with limited means, while generating jobs and business activity that contribute to

572-533: A structured process to utilize and to get optimal benefits from the role and use of shipping containers. Over time, the invention of the modern telecommunications of the late 20th-century made it highly beneficial to have standardized shipping containers, and made these shipping processes more standardized, modular, easier to schedule and easier to manage. Corrugated boxes are commonly used as shipping containers (more than 90% of all shipping containers are of this type). They are made of corrugated fiberboard which

616-476: A type of packaging used to ship temperature sensitive products such as foods, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals. They are used as part of a cold chain to help maintain product freshness and efficacy. Some pails are used as shipping containers. A Unit Load Device (ULD), is a container used to transport cargo on commercial aircraft. It can be a pallet or container used to load luggage, freight, and mail on wide-body aircraft and specific narrow-body aircraft. It allows

660-461: A way of reusing old newspapers: "Kabadiwalas" buy these from the readers for scrap value and reuse them as packaging or recycle them. Scrap intermediaries help consumer dispose of other materials including metals and plastics. These apply primarily to items of packaging, for example, where a company is involved in the regular transportation of goods from a central manufacturing facility to warehouses or warehouses to retail outlets. In these cases there

704-513: Is a multi-use container employed for the general transport, storage, and handling of bulk fluids and materials. IBC tanks are compatible with, and resistant to, an extensive list of chemicals, acids, caustics, as well as inert materials and food grade consumables. IBCs are commonly manufactured from the following materials: Some IBC engineering models are foldable (collapsible) for space-saving breakdown following use. A flexible intermediate bulk container, FIBC , big bag , bulk bag , or super sack

748-880: Is a portable fuel and oil freight container. The hybrid bulk fuel tank is originally intended for the construction, mining, logging and farming sectors. The tank can be used to transport and store bulk fuels as well as dangerous liquids, by road, rail and sea. Sea containers are crucial for modern logistics, offering a cost-effective storage and shipping solution. These durable containers, designed for international transportation, provide secure storage for goods with robust steel construction. Beyond shipping, they find applications in on-site storage and modular living or workspaces. Sea containers for sale provide an accessible and convenient solution, meeting diverse needs and promoting sustainability through their reuse. Reusable steel boxes for use as truck-sized shipping containers first came into use around 1956. It took some time for businesses to devise

792-432: Is a standardized container in large dimensions for storing and transporting granular products. It is often made of a woven synthetic material. A bulk box, bulk bin, skid box, or tote box is a pallet size box used for storage and shipping of bulk quantities. Drums are cylindrical shipping containers made of steel, plastic or fiber. They are often used for liquids and granular materials. Insulated shipping containers are

836-455: Is considerable benefit to using reusable “transport packaging” such as plastic crates or pallets. The benefits of closed-loop reuse are primarily due to low additional transport costs being involved, the empty lorry returning with the empty crates. There have been some recent attempts to get the public to join in on closed loop reuse schemes where shoppers use reusable plastic baskets in place of carrier bags for transporting their goods home from

880-622: Is cut out of the containers. Shipping containers are used in the film and television industry for building temporary sets. Shipping containers can be stacked on top of each other and used as reinforced scaffold that large-scale film sets can be built against. An example can be seen at Leavesden Studios , England; an area of the studio backlot is allocated to spare containers when not in use. Reefer containers or refrigerated containers are containers built to haul refrigerated or frozen products. These containers can be repurposed for container housing or prefabricated for housing purposes. The advantage

924-668: Is estimated that several million of these containers have now been discarded due to the shipping cost of sending them back to their port of origin. Their invention made a major contribution to the globalization of commerce in the second half of the 20th century, dramatically reducing the cost of transporting goods and hence of long-distance trade. Specialized shipping containers include: high cube containers (providing an extra 1 ft (305 mm) in height to standard shipping containers), pallet wides, open tops, side loaders, double door or tunnel-tainers, and temperature controlled containers. Another specialized container, known as Transtainer,

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968-490: Is lightweight, recyclable, and strong enough to ship a variety of products. Wooden boxes are often used for shipping heavy and dense products. They are sometimes specified for shipments of government or military shipments. A crate is a large container, often made of wood, used to transport large, heavy or awkward items. A crate has a self-supporting structure, with or without sheathing. Reusable plastic versions include: An intermediate bulk container (IBC, IBC Tote, IBC Tank)

1012-400: Is particularly a problem in many developing countries (e.g. Mexico, India, Bangladesh, Ghana) where untreated or poorly treated wastewater is used directly in agriculture. The WHO Guidelines from 2006 have set up a framework how this reuse can be done safely by following a multiple barrier approach. Waste valorization, beneficial reuse, beneficial use, value recovery or waste reclamation is

1056-410: Is the insulation in the walls, ceiling, and floor compared to corrugated metal in standard shipping containers that can get very hot or cold from the weather outside. Prefabricated reefer containers with the wiring ran through the walls and the plumbing ran through the ceiling and floor before the insulation, interior walls, and floors are installed would be more practical than trying to do that with

1100-477: Is the largest one yet, covering a floor area of 50,000 sq ft, with a 2,000-person capacity events space. Boxpark Wembley has 30 units, and 24 food and drink retail outlets have opened at the venue. As with Boxpark Croydon, the open hall/events space may be used for events such as music performances and screenings. It is regularly used as a fan zone for those attending football matches, concerts and other events held at Wembley. The first Boxpark outside London opened in

1144-667: Is the least energy intensive solution, although it is often overlooked. The EU Circular Economy Package recognises the importance of extending product lifetimes and includes repair and reuse of products in its action plan to ensure products reach their optimum lifespan. If targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions are to be reached, then reuse needs to be included as part of a whole life cycle approach. A strong second hand market-place exists, with charity shops on most high streets, car boot(trunk) sales and online auction sites maintaining popularity and regular TV shows featuring both buying and selling at auction. This would not necessarily be

1188-923: Is to use a tool for use as another tool, usually for a purpose unintended by the original tool-maker. Typically, repurposing is done using items usually considered to be junk or garbage. A good example of this would be the Earthship style of house, that uses tires as insulating walls and bottles as glass walls. Reuse is not limited to repeated uses for the same purpose. Examples of repurposing include using tires as boat fenders and steel drums or plastic drums as feeding troughs and/or composting bins. The nutrients, i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients, and organic matter contained in wastewater , excreta ( urine and feces ) and greywater have traditionally been reused in agriculture in many countries and are still being reused in agriculture to this day - unfortunately often in an unregulated and unsafe manner. This

1232-433: Is used as a raw material or energy feedstock for another industrial process. Industrial wastes in particular are good candidates for valorization because they tend to be more consistent and predictable than other waste, such as household waste . Determining the balance of how the several effects of reuse interact is often best accomplished by a formal life cycle assessment . For example, research has shown that reusing

1276-508: The Baltic Triangle area of Liverpool on 19 April 2024. Shipping containers Freight containers are a reusable transport and storage unit for moving products and raw materials between locations or countries. There are about seventeen million intermodal containers in the world, and a large proportion of the world's long-distance freight generated by international trade is transported in shipping containers. In addition, it

1320-868: The COVID-19 pandemic . The Smoky Park Supper Club in Asheville, North Carolina , opened in 2015, was constructed from 19 containers and is considered " "America's largest recycled shipping container restaurant." It has however been pointed out there are problems with recycling shipping containers, that it may not be as ecologically friendly or cheap an option as it might appear. The containers may be coated with harmful chemicals such as chromate, phosphorus, and lead-based paints, while its wooden floors may be treated with toxic insecticides, and some cost and effort are involved in modifying containers to make them habitable. Others have noted various issues such as space constraint, insulation, and structural weakness if too much steel

1364-663: The Dordoy Bazaar in Bishkek , Kyrgyzstan . The company has plans to expand to other countries; however, a retail park also called Boxpark that opened in Dubai is not part of this company. The first temporary shopping centre, backed by Charles Dunstone of Carphone Warehouse , was built at Bethnal Green Road on part of the former Bishopsgate goods yard in Shoreditch . Boxpark opened in December 2011, initially made out of 60 recycled shipping containers over two floors, with 40 in

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1408-750: The Cité A Docks student housing project in Le Havre , France; the Wenckehof container village in Amsterdam; the portable Puma City store in US cities; the food and retail Boxpark in London; the Dordoy Bazaar in Bishkek , Kyrgyzstan ; the temporary mall Re:START in Christchurch , New Zealand built after the 2011 Christchurch earthquake , and as intensive-care units in temporary hospitals during

1452-611: The Scottish Circular Economy Strategy and the national reuse target set by the Spanish Government are examples of governments recognising that second-hand goods should be a good value mainstream option and are working towards making reuse easier for consumers. In environmental terms, reuse ought to be more common than recycling and energy recovery , with both the financial and environmental costs of simple refurbishment of some products being

1496-403: The announcement, The Night Time Industries Association started a campaign to save the site from closure, arguing that it has launched hundreds of new independent businesses and annually contributes more than £80 million to the local economy. On 20 March 2015, it was announced that a second Boxpark would be built in Croydon to coincide with the regeneration project Croydon Vision 2020 . The centre

1540-1059: The contents. Often, these shipping containers are reusable. The reusable ifco tray ("international fruit container") is used in Europe for transportation of fruit, vegetables, and fish. Flight cases and transit cases are usually custom designed for shipping and carrying fragile equipment: audio visual, camera, instruments, etc. Although generally light in construction, they tend to have reinforced edges and corners. Road cases are often used for shipping musical instruments and theater props. Many types of shipping containers are reusable. Steel drums are frequently reconditioned and reused. Gas cylinders, transit cases and sometimes even corrugated boxes are reused. The widespread availability and relative cheapness of used intermodal shipping containers meant that architects began to consider them as an alternative to traditional building materials. Used shipping containers have been converted for use in housing, and as retail and office spaces. Examples of its use include

1584-480: The customer by lower shelf prices. The refill pack itself is not reused, but being a minimal package for carrying the product home, it requires less material than one with the durability and features (reclosable top, convenient shape, etc.) required for easy use of the product, while avoiding the transport cost and emissions of returning the reusable package to the factory. The average American, for example, throws away 67.9 pounds of used clothing and rags. Repurposing

1628-480: The disclosure of "used" parts and, in some states, mattresses which have been used are required to be sanitized or destroyed. Deposit programs offer customers a financial incentive to return packaging for reuse. Although no longer common, international experience is showing that they can still be an effective way to encourage packaging reuse. However, financial incentive, unless great, may be less of an incentive than convenience: statistics show that, on average,

1672-411: The economy. Reuse centers (also known as a "swap shop" or a "take-it-or-leave-it") facilitate the transaction and redistribution of unwanted, yet perfectly usable, materials and equipment from one entity to another. The entities that benefit from either side of this service (as donors, sellers, recipients, or buyers) can be businesses, nonprofits, schools, community groups, and individuals. Some maintain

1716-406: The exchange of these materials without ever taking possession of the materials. One way to address this is to increase product longevity; either by extending a product's first life or addressing issues of repair, reuse and recycling. Reusing products, and therefore extending the use of that item beyond the point where it is discarded by its first user is preferable to recycling or disposal, as this

1760-435: The lower floor, 20 in the upper floor. Originally intended to open for five years, the centre is still operating. Boxpark Shoreditch has 19 restaurants and bars and 27 shops. The Boxpark at Shoreditch was redeveloped in 2017, with the upper deck becoming the focus for street food at the venue. In July 2024, it was announced that it would close down by the end of summer to make way for The Goodsyard development. In response to

1804-415: The process of waste products or residues from an economic process being valorized (given economic value), by reuse or recycling in order to create economically useful materials. The term comes from practices in sustainable manufacturing and economics , industrial ecology and waste management . The term is usually applied in industrial processes where residue from creating or processing one good

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1848-433: The street fashion shop and label Boxfresh , the idea for a shopping centre made out of shipping containers has its origin in 1999, while he was attending German trade shows with Boxfresh. For each show, he would need to build a mini shop that would then be demolished, and he wondered if he could build a trade show stand in a container that could be reused. He said: "That was the beginning of my fascination, in 1999. Years later

1892-417: The supermarket; these baskets fit on specially designed trolleys making shopping supposedly easier. There have been some market-led initiatives to encourage packaging reuse by companies introducing refill packs of certain commodities (mainly soap powders and cleaning fluids), the contents being transferred before use into a reusable package kept by the customer, with the savings in packaging being passed onto

1936-551: Was built with a £3 million loan from the Croydon Council and intended to be a temporary structure that would last for five years, until homes and offices could be developed on the site. The scheme was designed by BDP, and the two-storey structure is constructed out of 96 shipping containers. It is in the form of a semi-enclosed market hall with units arranged around it, and provides 24,000 sq ft of retail and restaurant space, double that of Shoreditch. The Boxpark in Croydon has

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