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48-475: The Boylston Museum was founded by George E. Lothrop in 1875, at 667 Washington Street adjacent to Boylston Market . Lothrop was a graduate of Dartmouth Medical School who left a career as a physician to pursue a career in theatre management. A dime museum as well as a theatre, a review in The Boston Globe on May 14, 1875, described the site as a "cozy little theatrum" and that the museum contained

96-456: A "collection of curiousities [that are] large and interesting". It also described the theatre as offering daily afternoon and evening performances with both dramas and variety entertainments as offerings. The Boylston Museum operated primarily as a variety theatre during the vaudeville era. The theatre sat 930 people and it charged 10 to 50 cents for tickets to its performances. The actor Horace Lewis (1854–1905) made his professional debut at

144-418: A dog show and parades. A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 9.3 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for crossbreeds . A 2005 Swedish study of insurance data found 74% of St Bernards died by the age of 10, higher than the overall rate of 35% of dogs dying by the age of 10. Osteosarcoma (bone cancer) has been shown to be hereditary in the breed. A study found

192-532: A mutation in the gene ARHGEF10 to be highly associated with a juvenile-onset inherited polyneuropathy similar to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease . The Saint Bernard is predisposed to several skin conditions, these include: acral lick dermatitis , intertrigo , dermal arteritis , hygroma , and pyotraumatic dermatitis . An American study of veterinary records found the Saint Bernard to be predisposed to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), with 2.6% of dogs having

240-546: A significant change in their appearance and abilities. The long fur they inherited would freeze in the snowy climate of the Alps, weighing them down and reducing their effectiveness as rescue dogs. The dogs never received any special training from the monks. Instead, younger dogs would learn how to perform search and rescue operations from older dogs. The Swiss St. Bernard Club was founded in Basel on 15 March 1884. The St. Bernard

288-422: A valanche [sic]; but three or four hopeful puppies were left at home in the convent, and still survive. The most celebrated of those who are no more, was a dog called Barry. This animal served the hospital for the space of twelve years, during which time he saved the lives of forty individuals. His zeal was indefatigable. Whenever the mountain was enveloped in fogs and snow, he set out in search of lost travellers. He

336-436: A wide array of "curiosities". The third floor consisted of a menagerie . The menagerie contained both animals on display in cages and performing animals. Some of the animals which performed included "Pendrinelli's trained monkeys", an elephant named Bijou who could perform tricks of varying kinds, "Baby Alice Dunbar and her den of performing snakes", and "Dr. Sawtell's Magnificent troupe of St. Bernards ". Animals on display in

384-457: Is a gentle, loyal, and affectionate breed, and if socialized should be very friendly. While generally not instinctively protective, a St. Bernard may bark at strangers, and their size makes them good deterrents against possible intruders. The St. Bernard was bred to be a working companion and to this day it lives to please its master, and is an amiable yet hard worker. St. Bernards have retained their natural ability for scent work and depending on

432-998: Is recognised internationally by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale as a Molosser in Group 2, Section 2. The breed is recognised by The Kennel Club (UK), the Canadian Kennel Club , and the American Kennel Club in the Working Dog group. The United Kennel Club in the United States places the breed in the Guardian Dog Group. The New Zealand Kennel Club and the Australian National Kennel Council place

480-577: Is recognized internationally today as one of the molosser breeds. It is a giant dog . The coat is smooth being close and flat. The colour is primarily white with smaller or larger red patches with a clear to dark red mantle and reddish-brown mantle being the most 'valuable',. A brindle reddish colour and brownish-yellow colour are both allowed but less desirable. The tail is long and heavy, hanging high. The eye colour ranges from light brown to dark brown and should have naturally tight lids, with haws only slightly visible. The earliest written records of

528-767: The Great St Bernard Hospice , most notably by being much larger in size and build. Since the late 1800s, the St. Bernard breed has been ever refined, using many different large molosser -type breeds, including the Newfoundland , Great Pyrenees , Greater Swiss Mountain Dog , Great Dane , English Mastiff , and possibly the Tibetan Mastiff and Caucasian Shepherd Dog . It is suspected that many of these large breeds were used to redevelop each other to combat

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576-736: The Western Alps in Italy and Switzerland . They were originally bred for rescue work by the hospice of the Great St Bernard Pass on the Italian-Swiss border . The hospice, built by and named after the Alpine monk Saint Bernard of Menthon , acquired its first dogs between 1660 and 1670. The breed has become famous through tales of Alpine rescues, as well as for its large size and gentle temperament. The St. Bernard

624-606: The bearded lady Annie Jones . As with the former Boylston Museum, multiple variety act performances were presented daily and there was a rotating cadre of vaudeville entertainers engaged for these performances to keep audiences returning to the museum. Some notable performers who appeared at the World's Museum included comedian Sam Lucas , song and dance comedians Sheridan & Flynn , the multi-instrumentalist and singer Lillie Western , Grace Courtland , "The Witch of Wall Street", actors Palmer and Hayden , actress Ada Melrose , and

672-522: The blackface performer Billy Lester, the Irish comedians Spencer and Quigg, Spanish bolero dancers, jugglers, and a wide array of other acts. The theatre continued to periodically host vaudeville type performances. Some notable vaudeville entertainers to appear at the theatre included the comedy duo Flynn and Sheridan . In addition to being used for vaudeville performances, the theatre was also used for legitimate theatre . In its first year of operation it

720-733: The Boylston Museum during its first year of operation, starring as Mr. Primrose in an 1875 production of A Tight Place . Singer Maggie Cline was also an early performer at the theatre who began her career on the Boylston stage. By 1876 advertisements for the Boylston Museum began referring to the museum as the New Boylston Museum and its theatre as the Star Novelty Theatre. For the Christmas 1877 season

768-733: The Lyceum Theatre would be demolished to make way for the construction of the Gaiety Theatre . A report in The Boston Globe on June 10, 1908, stated that some of the smaller adjacent properties to the Lyceum Theatre had already been demolished to make way for the theatre, and that the Lyceum Theatre was scheduled for demolition in the next few days with portions of the structure already been torn down. 42°21′6.5″N 71°3′46.8″W  /  42.351806°N 71.063000°W  / 42.351806; -71.063000 Boylston Market Too Many Requests If you report this error to

816-521: The Saint Bernard to be greatly predisposed to the condition with an odds-ratio of 4.2. A health survey in the UK found 4.6% of dogs to have the condition and 15.1% of dogs to have died from the condition. A study in California found 3.76% of dogs presented had GDV Known as a classic example of a gentle giant, the Saint Bernard is calm, patient, and sweet with adults, and especially children. Overall, it

864-589: The St. Bernard and share the same location of origin and history, but are tricolour (black, tan and white) rather than red and white or mahogany brindle and white, as the St. Bernand is. The Russian army kennels crossbred St. Bernards with Caucasian Shepherd Dogs to produce the Moscow Watchdogs that are still used as military service dogs in Russia today. St. Bernards have in common many characteristics of livestock guardian dog breeds. The St. Bernard

912-488: The St. Bernard are from monks at the Great St Bernard Hospice at the Great St Bernard Pass in 1707, with paintings and drawings of the dog dating even earlier. Early British accounts of the breed described the breed as the Alpine Spaniel . The first evidence that the dogs were in use at the monastery is in two paintings dating to 1690 by Italian artist Salvator Rosa . The most famous St. Bernard to save people at

960-452: The St. Bernard of today because of crossbreeding. Severe winters from 1816 to 1818 led to increased numbers of avalanches, killing many of the dogs used for breeding while they were performing rescues. In an attempt to preserve the breed, the remaining St. Bernards were crossed with Newfoundlands brought from the Colony of Newfoundland in the 1850s, as well as with other breeds. This led to

1008-528: The Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.226 via cp1108 cp1108, Varnish XID 216760298 Upstream caches: cp1108 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 07:45:46 GMT St. Bernard (dog breed) The St. Bernard or Saint Bernard ( UK : / ˈ b ɜːr n ər d / , US : / b ər ˈ n ɑːr d / ) is a breed of very large working dog from

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1056-501: The actress Sadie Martinot was engaged for performances. Martinot became a favorite performer for Boston audiences in minstrel shows staged at the Boylston. George M. Cohan 's father, Jere Cohan, worked as a stage manager at the Boylston Museum, and the Four Cohans sometimes gave six shows a day at the Boylston's theatre. Denman Thompson performed a highly popular sketch at the theatre, "Uncle Josh", which he later developed into

1104-517: The brandy to stay warm while awaiting rescue, although this is medically unsound. The monks of the St. Bernard Hospice deny that any St. Bernard has ever carried casks or small barrels around their necks; they attribute the image to an 1820 painting by Edwin Landseer , Alpine Mastiffs Reanimating a Distressed Traveller (which became a popular engraving in 1831 by Charles Landseer ). The monks did keep casks around for photographs by tourists. There

1152-645: The breed in the Utility Group St. Bernards are no longer used for Alpine rescues, the last recorded instance of which was in 1955. As late as 2004, the Great St Bernard Hospice still retained 18 of the dogs for reasons of tradition and sentiment. An annual celebration of the breed takes place on the Little Saint Bernard Pass and at the town of Rosières-Montvalzan on the French side. St. Bernard enthusiasts and breeders gather for

1200-533: The building, J. Kelley & Co. made stained-glass windows, Gill & Higgins provided French colored glass, and much of the interior design work was done by The Boston Wall Paper Co. The much enlarged and essentially new facility reopened as the World's Museum, Menagerie, and Aquarium on Monday October 5, 1885. A variety program was presented in the theatre on opening day that featured African-American comedian Tom McIntosh , mentalist Madame Lee, singer Georgia Marsh, and many other performers of varying talents. It

1248-527: The condition compared to 0.2% for mixed-breeds . A study in England found 20 out of 369 cases of DCM to be Saint Bernards with 72% of those all presenting for atrial fibrillation . An American study reviewing over a million cases presented to 27 veterinary teaching hospitals in North America found the Saint Bernard to be the second most prediposed to canine hip dysplasia with 14.70% of dogs having

1296-411: The condition compared to 3.52% overall. The Saint Bernard was also found to be predisposed towards canine cruciate ligament deficiency (CCLD) with 3.57% of dogs having the condition compared to 2.55% overall. The Saint Bernard had the third highest prevalence for dogs with both conditions at 1.19% compared to the overall rate of 0.3%. A review of 1,934 cases of gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV) found

1344-626: The contortionist and clown Harry Wentworth . The museum would also sometimes offer burlesque parodies of popular stage works of the period, such as Gilbert and Sullivan 's The Mikado in December 1885. This production was later presented to accompany a large "Japanese bazaar" installed at the museum in February 1886. That same month opera singer Blanche Corelli came to the World's Theatre and brought an entire opera company with her. They performed Edmond Audran 's La mascotte with Corelli in

1392-477: The enterprise into the World's Theatre. Lothrop decided to expand the size of his operation and acquired the 661, 663, and 665 Washington Street properties to significantly enlarge the size of both the theatre and the museum. The builder of the museum was H. Roberts. Asa Lowe & Co. did the mason work, the Chelmsford Foundry Co. did the iron work, artist J. A. Teeling painted several murals in

1440-416: The former World's Theatre building to transform it into the Lyceum Theatre. The walls of the theatre were rebuilt with new brick, and much work was done to improve the building's ventilation;. The number of exits were increased and careful attention was made to make the theatre fire proof; including the use of much more iron than in the World's Theatre. This included ornamental iron panels used as decorations on

1488-488: The lodge, and the dogs are named for Bernard of Menthon , the 11th century Italian monk who established the station. "St. Bernard" was not in widespread use until the middle of the 19th century. The dogs were called "Saint Dogs", "Noble Steeds", or "Barry Dogs" before that time. The breed is strikingly similar to the English Mastiff . The modern St. Bernard is radically different from the original dogs kept at

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1536-546: The longer play The Old Homestead , which for a period held the record for the longest-running play in the history of the American theatre. Other vaudeville entertainers to appear at the Boylston Museum included comedian Neil Burgess ; actors Charles L. Davis (1870–1920) and Charles H. Yale ; and acrobat and singing actress Carrie Swain . The museum and theatre stopped operating in April 1885 in order to expand and transform

1584-408: The menagerie included sea lions , a leopard , sea turtles , a tapir , six flying foxes , monkeys , tigers , a lion , bears , alligators , parrots and other tropical birds, song birds from around the world, and several deer among other animals. A baby lion named Max was particularly popular with Boston children. A Boston Evening Transcript article on November 13, 1885, reported that it

1632-753: The pass was Barry (sometimes spelled Berry), who reportedly saved somewhere between 40 and 100 lives. There is a monument to Barry in the Cimetière des Chiens , and his body was preserved in the Natural History Museum in Bern . Another famous dog was Rutor, the faithful companion of the Italian priest Pierre Chanoux , named after the peak Tête du Rutor located above the Little St. Bernard pass. The classic St. Bernard looked very different from

1680-455: The performers at the opening were Count Primo Magri , General Tom Thumb and Mrs. General Tom Thumb . The museum would rotate in other people. The giantess Lottie Grant and the conjoined twins Millie and Christine McKoy , billed as "The Two-Headed Nightingale", joined the roster of performers in November 1885. In February 1886 professional fat lady Madame Carver appeared alongside her son,

1728-413: The size of a German Shepherd Dog , the St. Bernard grew to the size of today's dog as kennel clubs and dog shows emphasized appearance over the dog's working ability, along with a closed stud book. The name "St. Bernard" originates from the Great St Bernard Hospice , a traveler's hospice on the often treacherous Great St Bernard Pass in the Western Alps , between Switzerland and Italy . The pass,

1776-491: The skill of the trainer and the talents of the dog, they can participate in tracking events or even become involved in search and rescue work. St. Bernards are often portrayed, especially in old live action comedies such as Swiss Miss , the TV series Topper , and classic cartoons (such as the 1938 Merrie Melodies short " Cracked Ice "), wearing small barrels of brandy around their necks. Avalanche victims supposedly drank

1824-817: The threat of their extinction after World War II, which may explain why all of them played a part in the creation of the St. Bernard as it is seen today. The four Sennenhund ( Swiss mountain dog ) breeds, the Grosser Schweizer Sennenhund ( Greater Swiss Mountain Dog ), the Berner Sennenhund ( Bernese Mountain Dog ), the Appenzeller Sennenhund (Appenzeller Mountain Dog), and the Entlebucher Sennenhund ( Entlebucher Mountain Dog ), are similar in appearance to

1872-607: The tiny person General Willis Carver in the hall. Other performers that worked in the hall of curiosities included tattooed lady Lillian Marco , tiny people Jennie Quigley and Major Tot , giant Colonel Routh Goshen , Captain Harry Decoursey , "The Tattooed Man", Krao , "The Greatest of Living Curiousities", albino sisters Florence and Mary Martin , the singing Seven Sutherland Sisters who all had very long hair, Belle Moody, "the Human Billiard Ball", and

1920-460: The title role to large crowds. This was followed by performances of H.M.S. Pinafore . Other legitimate theatre works presented at the World's Theatre included a production of Dion Boucicault 's Andy Blake: or, The Irish Diamond in March 1886. By July 1892 the theatre had been sold to F. P. Clough and was no longer in operation. In July 1892 F. P. Clough began making significant alterations to

1968-459: The walls of the theatre. The theatre also included white and gold frescos that were "relieved with blue and buff". The stage was 35 feet long, 35 feet wide, and 45 feet high. Austin Gibbon was hired as the theatre's first general manager and F.W. Johnson its first music director. The theatre opened as the Lyceum Theatre on September 19, 1892. Its opening performance was a variety show which starred

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2016-507: Was accustomed to run barking until he lost breath, and would frequently venture on the most perilous places. When he found his strength was insufficient to draw from the snow a traveller benumbed with cold, he would run back to the hospital in search of the monks…. When old age deprived him of strength, the Prior of the Convent pensioned him at Berney, by way of reward. After his death, his hide

2064-433: Was apparently at least one dog that really did carry brandy. In The Percy Anecdotes , by Thomas Byerley , published in 1823, the following anecdote appears, and was often quoted in other books in the 19th century: The breed of dogs kept by the monks to assist them ... has been long celebrated for its sagacity and fidelity. All the oldest and most tried of them were lately buried, along with some unfortunate travellers, under

2112-490: Was reported that more than 50,000 people attended the museum during its first week of operation. Extending an entire city block, the World's Museum consisted of four floors and could accommodate 7,000 people. It was wired with electricity and had many crystal chandeliers lit by colored lights. The first floor of the building contained a vestibule with a large fountain, a theatre that could seat 1,000 people, and an aquarium . The second floor consisted of two large halls containing

2160-466: Was stuffed and deposited in the museum of that town. The little phial, in which he carried a reviving liquor for the distressed travellers whom he found among the mountains, is still suspended from his neck. A Punch magazine cartoon from 1949 depicts a man with a St. Bernard and several puppies, all of which are wearing neck casks. The man explains, "Of course, I only breed them for the brandy." A frequent joke in old MGM and Warner Brothers shorts

2208-607: Was the first breed entered into the Swiss Stud Book in 1884, and the breed standard was finally approved in 1888. Since then, the breed has been a Swiss national dog. During World War I St. Bernard dogs assisted the Red Cross and were used to carry supplies to troops in the Italian mountains, stationed in places inaccessible to mules and horses. The dogs at the Great St Bernard Hospice were working dogs that were smaller than today's show St. Bernards. Originally about

2256-558: Was the third largest collection of animals in the United States, with only the Central Park Zoo and the Philadelphia Zoo surpassing it in terms of animal numbers. The World's Museum also included a freak show in its "hall of curiosities" with performers that the museum described as an "albino", "midgets", "lobster boy", "The Human Skeleton", "The Armless Man", and other people possessing biological rarities. Among

2304-520: Was used by the Boston Comic Opera for its 1892–1893 season, and presented Native-American actress and playwright Gowongo Mohawk in her play Wep-ton-no-mah ; In early 1907 the Lyceum Theatre was occupied by the Rice & Barton's Gaiety Company. Later that year the theatre was occupied by a show organized by Sam A. Scribner which closed on May 16, 1908. In June 1908 it was announced that

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