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27-666: Early Native American peoples of the Mono tribe and Northern Paiute people inhabited this locale and engaged in trade with distant coastal tribes such as the Chumash in Southern California . The ghost town of Bodie is now located in Bodie State Historic Park . The preserved California mining district is also designated a National Historic Landmark and a California Historical Landmark . It became

54-463: A California State Historic Park in 1962 and was opened to the public. This Mono County, California -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Mono tribe The Mono ( / ˈ m oʊ n oʊ / MOH -noh ) are a Native American people who traditionally live in the central Sierra Nevada , the Eastern Sierra (generally south of Bridgeport ),

81-533: A borax mixed salt pan for 10 mi of the valley. A small dry lake is in the center, approximately 1.5 mi long. It is fed from the White Mountains, and the small subvalley southeastwards. Alluvial fans are west of the dry lake, with Nevada State Route 264 in the hills to the northwest that also feed southeast and eastwards. To the east and southeast, the Silver Peak Range borders

108-462: Is difficult to determine how many of these are Mono. Fish Lake Valley The Fish Lake Valley is a 25 miles (40 km) long endorheic valley in southwest Nevada , one of many contiguous inward-draining basins collectively called the Great Basin . The alluvial valley lies just northwest of Death Valley and borders the southeast, and central-northeast flank of the massif of

135-831: Is the Tribal Chairman for the North Fork Mono Tribe, which is not a federally recognized tribe. The North Fork Rancheria of Mono Indians is the federally recognized tribe in North Fork and their Chairperson is Elaine Fink. Ceremonies are performed at the Sierra Mono Museum in North Fork, California , and an annual Indian Fair Days festival takes place on the first weekend of August every year to revive many traditions and rituals for tribal kin and tourists alike to enjoy. The Eastern Mono speak

162-643: The Mono Basin , and adjacent areas of the Great Basin . They are often grouped under the historical label " Paiute " together with the Northern Paiute and Southern Paiute – but these three groups, although related within the Numic group of Uto-Aztecan languages, do not form a single, unique, unified group of Great Basin tribes. Today, many of the tribal citizens and descendants of the Mono tribe inhabit

189-571: The San Joaquin Valley ( San Joaquin River was called typici h huu' – "important, great river"), Kings River and Kaweah River (in today's counties of Madera, Fresno and Tulare) lived mostly as typical semi-nomadic hunters and gatherers of fishing, hunting and gathering as well as agriculture. In the winter, several families descended into the river valleys and built together fixed settlements, most of which were used for several years. In

216-714: The White Mountains of California . The southwestern portion of the valley lies in California , with the southern tip at the edge of Inyo County east of the Chocolate Mountains, and a significant portion of the south end of the valley floor including the ranching community of Oasis , in Mono County . The valley is sparsely populated, primarily with ranchers and indigenous Paiute . The valley's Post Office and commercial services are located in

243-491: The brine fly pupae", are also known as Mono Lake Paiute or Owens Valley Paiute , a holdover from early anthropological literature, and are often confused with the non-Northern Paiute ethnic group of the Western mono "Mono". The "Eastern Mono" referred to themselves as Numa/Nuumu or Nüümü ("People") in their Mono/Bannock language dialect and to their kin to the west as Panan witü / Pana witü ("western place" People);

270-637: The "Eastern Mono bands" bordered in the northwest on the areas of the hostile Southern Sierra Miwok with which it often came to conflicts, in the northeast several Northern Paiute bands migrated, in the southeast and south the Timbisha Shoshone and Western Shoshone bands, in the southwest the Tübatulabal (also: Kern River Indians ) and in the west the "Western Mono bands". The Owens Valley Paiute were also more aggressive and hostile towards neighboring Indian tribes and most recently they fought

297-502: The "Monachi/Monache" dialect (better known as: "Mono/Monache" or "Mono Lake Paiute"). Of the 1,000 "Owens Valley Paiute (Eastern Mono) people" there are only 30 active speakers of the "Eastern Mono" or "Owens Valley Northern Paiute" dialect left. Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially. (See Population of Native California .) Alfred L. Kroeber (1925:883) suggested that

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324-505: The "Mono language" and culture through the immigration of the "Western Mono" and soon became bilingual) or as "Western Mono" bands (who would have adopted the language of the dominant "Foothill Yokuts"). In particular, the classification of the two Kings River bands – the Michahai / Michahay and Entimbich – is difficult. The Western Mono self-designation is Nyyhmy, Nimi, Nim or Nium , meaning "People" or cawu h nyyhmy . By contact with

351-446: The "Western Mono bands", to feed larger groups. The Sedentism is also reflected in their socio-political organization in different "districts" (each with communistic hunting and seed rights, political unity, and a number of villages), whose name mostly ended with "patü/witü" , meaning "place" or "land"; each "district" was under the command of a headman or pohenaby . Some "Owens Valley Northern Paiute" districts: The tribal areas of

378-589: The "Western Mono" called themselves Nyyhmy/Nimi or Nim/Nium ("People"); a full blooded "Western Mono" person was called cawu h nyyhmy . The Owens Valley Paiute or Eastern Mono live on the California-Nevada border, they formerly ranged on the eastern side of the southern Sierra Nevada across the Owens Valley along the Owens Rivers from Long Valley on the north to Owens Lake on

405-556: The 1770 population of the Mono was 4,000. Sherburne F. Cook (1976:192) set the population of the Western Mono alone at about 1,800. Kroeber reported the population of the Mono in 1910 as 1,500. Today, there are approximately 2,300 enrolled Mono people. The Cold Springs Mono have 275 tribal members. The Northfork Mono's enrollment is 1,800, making them one of California's largest native tribes. The Big Sandy Mono have about 495 members. The Big Pine Band has 462 tribal members, but it

432-467: The Americans in the " Owens Valley Indian War " (1862 to 1863) with allied Shoshone, Kawaiisu and Tübatulabal The Owens Valley Paiutes are The Southernmost Northern Paiute Band. Their self-designation is Numa , Numu, or Nüümü , meaning "People" or Nün'wa Paya Hup Ca'a' Otuu'mu —"Coyote's children living in the water ditch". The "Western Mono" bands in the western southern Sierra Nevada foothills in

459-612: The Europeans, the following bands (or local groups) could be distinguished (from north to south): If the Entimbich and Michahai are counted as "Kings River Yokuts" then beside the above-mentioned bands sometimes the following bands are listed: The two clans of the North Fork Mono Tribe are represented by the golden eagle and the coyote. Mono traditions still in practice today include fishing, hunting, acorn gathering, cooking, healing, basket making, and games. The Honorable Ron Goode

486-432: The Mono people is referred to as "Nim." Mun a hoo e boso. Mun a hoo e num. Mun a hoo to e hun noh pa teh can be translated as "Hello to my friends. Hello to the Mono people. Hello to the people from all over." Today, the Mono language (including its two dialects) is critically endangered. Among about 1,300 "Western Mono (Mono or Monache) people", only about 20 active speakers and 100 half speakers speak "Western Mono" or

513-656: The Mono/Bannock language dialect, which together with the Northern Paiute language (a dialect continuum ), forms the Western Numic branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family. Due to the geographical separation as well as the interaction with neighboring tribes and peoples (incorporation of loanwords and/or frequent Bilingualism ) two very different dialects developed in the course of time which are difficult to understand for each other. The native language of

540-653: The Sierra crest: The current tribal name "Mono" is a Yokutsan loanword from the tribe's western neighbors, the Yokuts , who however hereby designated the Owens valley Paiutes as the southernmost Northern Paiute band living around "owens lake" / Mono Lake as monachie/monoache (" fly people") because fly larvae was their chief food staple and trading article and not the "Mono". This " Kucadikadi Northern Paiute Band ", whose autonym Kutsavidökadö/Kutzadika'a means "eaters of

567-645: The Silver Peak Range are the east and northeast border. Coaldale, Nevada on east–west U.S. Route 6 in Nevada is located at the northern border of the Fish Lake Valley. Nevada State Route 264 enters the valley's center west at the foothills of the White Mountains and at Dyer turns southeast at the feeder valley and foothills of the mountains; its terminus point is Oasis, Mono County, California . Nevada State Route 773 intercepts Route 264 in

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594-588: The south, and from the crest of the Sierra Nevada on the west to the White and Inyo Mountains including the Fish Lake and Deep Springs Valleys on the east. They were predominantly sedentary and settled in fixed settlements along rivers or springs (or artificial canals). The more intensive arable farming by means of partly artificial irrigation enabled them to build up food reserves and thus, in contrast to

621-510: The southeast and the Foothill Yokuts in the west. Some "Western Mono" bands formed bilingual bands or units with "Foothill Yokuts" and partly took over their culture, so that today – except for one – each "Western Mono" band are only known under its "Yokuts" name. Even in the ethnological literature the original ethnic classification of the bands listed below is controversial; partly they are listed as "Foothill Yokuts bands" (who adopted

648-461: The summer, the family groups migrated as hunters and gatherers to the more sheltered and cooler altitudes of the mountains. Therefore, these smaller groups are sometimes considered socio-politically not as bands but as local groups. The tribal areas of the "Western Mono" bordered the (mostly) hostile Southern Sierra Miwok in the north, the "Eastern Mono" settled in the east, the Tübatulabal in

675-415: The town of Dyer . Fish Lake Valley is a slightly southwest–northeast trending valley, in its northern and central section. It borders the White Mountains on the southwest and receives water from Cottonwood Creek and other small, permanent mountain streams. The extension of the mountains southeasterly provides a feeder valley with some small dry lakes and salt pans. The major section of the valley contains

702-608: The town of North Fork (thus the label "Northfork Mono") in Madera County . People of the Mono tribe are also spread across California in: the Owens River Valley ; the San Joaquin Valley and foothills areas, especially Fresno County ; and in the San Francisco Bay Area . The Mono lived on both sides of the Sierra Nevada and are divided into two regional tribal/dialect groups, roughly based on

729-483: The valley with no alluvial fans, and is the smaller massif probably block faulted from the White Mountains, and thru block faulting creating the smaller feeder valley on the White Mountains' southeast, (the Furnace Creek Fault Zone ). The center-north of the valley has very narrow fans, and broken salt flats, that end at the valley's central dry lake. Lower elevation hills and peaks at the north of

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