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23-464: The Cephisus, a post-glacial river, never had sufficient flow deriving from drainage to establish a clear channel to the Gulf of Euboea . Its main flow was seasonal melt water, which collected in a three-lake system in the lowlands of Boeotia. First it entered Lake Copais , which was never more than a wetland a few feet deep. Today it has been totally drained for agriculture, revealing katabothra, or caves in

46-557: A Veronese or Venetian joke, or folk-etymological corruption or re-interpretation in reference to the old bridge across the channel.) In 1395, Nicola di Martoni came to Negropont during the return from his pilgrimage to Egypt and Palestine. He is clear that the main shipping channel in the Venetian period was on the side of the Boeotian mainland, and mentions the mills on the narrower channel, which he says were sometimes broken in

69-429: A fork on the main road at Aulis . The "Old" or "Low" or "Sliding" Bridge lies across midtown, and can slide away to allow shipping traffic. It is located at the narrowest point of the strait, where it is only 38 m (125 ft) wide. It accommodates two lanes of vehicular traffic. It was originally built as a retractable bridge in 1858, replaced by a rotating one in 1896. The existing, originally wooden bridge

92-912: A maximum width of 14 kilometres (9 mi). See also [ edit ] Argolic Gulf , Saronic Gulf - nearby gulfs of Greece References [ edit ] Encyclopædia Britannica , article "Gulf of Euboea" (description), 2006, webpage: EB-GulfEuboea . v t e Euboean Sea Islands Archipelagoes Petalioi (Largest islands: Megalonisos, Chersonisi) Lichades (Largest islands: Manolia, Strongyli) Other Islands Atalanti Island Kavalliani Ktyponisi Stouronisi Greek islands : Aegean Islands , Saronic Islands , Crete , Cyclades , Dodecanese , Euboea , North Aegean Islands , Sporades , Ionian Islands , Echinades Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Euboea&oldid=1253205237 " Categories : Gulfs of Greece Gulfs of

115-592: A new narrower cleft to the east of it, so narrow that it could be crossed with a single plank of wood. This later stream was later widened to make the present shipping channel. At the time when Procopius wrote, the name of the fortress on the Euripus was probably "Euripus," which had become "Egripos" by 1204, and was adopted and slightly altered to "Nigriponte" by the Latins who occupied the place in 1205. (The name has nothing to do with any sort of "Black Bridge," except as

138-427: A remarkable exception. Water flow peaks at about 12 kilometres per hour (7.5 mph; 6.5 kn), either northwards or southwards, and lesser vessels are often incapable of sailing against it. When nearing flow reversal, sailing is even more precarious because of vortex formation. The Swiss scholar François-Alphonse Forel contributed to an understanding of the enigmatic phenomenon by his study of limnology and

161-543: A river in Greece is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Gulf of Euboea Coordinates : 38°33′N 23°30′E  /  38.550°N 23.500°E  / 38.550; 23.500 38°33′N 23°30′E  /  38.550°N 23.500°E  / 38.550; 23.500 The Gulf of Euboea , Euboean Gulf , Euboic Sea or Euboic Gulf ( Greek : Ευβοϊκός Κόλπος , romanized :  Evvoïkós Kólpos )

184-482: A single ship. There is no mention of the closure of the strait in either Thucydides ' History of the Peloponnesian War or Xenophon 's Hellenica . Strabo wrote that at an unspecified later date the strait was crossed by a bridge two plethra long (approximately 50 m (160 ft), which is probably an exaggeration ). Some vestiges of the artificial dike probably remained, so the gap spanned by

207-582: Is a narrow channel of water separating the Greek island of Euboea in the Aegean Sea from Boeotia in mainland Greece . The strait's principal port is Chalcis on Euboea, located at the strait's narrowest point. The strait is subject to strong tidal currents which reverse direction approximately four times a day. Tidal flows are very weak in the Eastern Mediterranean , but the strait is

230-555: Is an arm of the Aegean Sea between the island of Euboea (northeast coastline) and the Greek mainland (southwest coastline). Trending diagonally northwest–southeast, the gulf is divided by the narrow Strait of Euripus , at the town of Chalcis . The North Euboean Gulf is about 80 kilometres (50 mi) long and up to 24 kilometres (15 mi) wide, and the South Euboean Gulf is about 48 kilometres (30 mi) long, with

253-542: Is of strategic importance, connecting northern Greece via the passes of Mount Oeta and Mount Kallidromo (including Thermopylae ) to southern Greece and the Gulf of Corinth . As a result, in the Frankish period a chain of forts and watchtowers was established along its course by the rulers of the Duchy of Athens . [REDACTED] Media related to Cephissus (Boeotia) at Wikimedia Commons This article related to

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276-475: Is thrown”), from ῥίπτω (rhíptō, "to throw"). There are two road bridges across the strait, both at Chalcis. One is the Euripus Bridge or Chalcis Bridge, a two-pylon, cable-suspended bridge built south of town in 1992, and commonly called the "New" or "High" bridge, with a span of about 215 m (705 ft). The strait is 160 m (525 ft) wide at this point. The bridge is accessible via

299-503: The Aegean Sea Landforms of Central Greece Landforms of Euboea (regional unit) Landforms of East Attica Landforms of Boeotia Landforms of Phthiotis Landforms of Attica Hidden categories: Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas Coordinates on Wikidata Articles containing Greek-language text Strait of Euripus The Euripus Strait ( Greek : Εύριπος [ˈevripos] )

322-462: The Euboeans closed the strait by mostly rebuilding the dike, with the goal of making themselves part of Boeotia, therefore not an island subject to Athenian hegemony. Diodorus states that gaps had to be left in the dike to allow the Euripus tides to flow through; the narrowness of the remaining passage made the current much more intense. Only a single passage was left navigable , just wide enough for

345-530: The Gulf of Euboea. It was never connected to the Gulf by surface channel, but some water is believed to have escaped via the katabothra . The artificial adjustment of the lake waters was an engineering problem of some magnitude in the 19th and early 20th centuries. In the later 20th century the waters of the two remaining lakes were preempted by the Athens aqueduct. The city of Athens had grown to include one-third of

368-426: The bridge could have been narrower than the channel that existed before 411 BC. Ancient historians do not record the depth of the channel; even the passage under Strabo's bridge may have been scoured by the tides to a depth sufficient for ancient shipping. Procopius reports that during the reign of Emperor Justinian I (527 to 565 AD) there were two channels in the Euripus, the large original channel and

391-525: The discovery of seiche , where layers of water of differing temperature oscillate in thickness in a confined body of water. But the problem was solved completely only by D. Eginitis, director of the Athens Observatory, who published his conclusions in 1929. From Ancient Greek εὔριπος (eúrīpos, "any strait or narrow sea, where the flux and reflux is violent"); from εὖ (eû, "well") + ῥιπή (rhipḗ, “swing or force with which anything

414-433: The karst topography leading down to Lake Yliki as well as Bronze-Age works to stem the flow. There was never enough cross-section to totally drain the marsh, and no surface channels between lakes. The underground paths to Lake Yliki are now open, causing its level to rise sufficiently to drown all traces of Bronze-age settlement in its valley. Lake Yliki connects by undergound channels to Lake Paralimni , which hangs over

437-510: The population of Greece. Waters were being tapped from rivers as far away as western Greece through deep tunnels, which take advantage of the difference in altitude. The mountains are primarily of limestone, which is soft enough to present easy tunneling, whether under the Pindus mountains, beneath the passes of the Alps , or through the ridges of Italy . In Greek mythology, the river god Cephissus

460-579: The speed and turbulence of the flow there. We have further information about the shipping channel and its single wooden bridge from various documents in the archives of the Venetian Empire . In 1408, the formation of a reef under the bridge severely affected shipping ( http://www.archiviodistatovenezia.it/divenire/collezioni.htm Archived 2016-01-27 at the Wayback Machine Senato, Deliberazioni, Misti . 48,43v) and in 1439 there

483-682: Was associated with this river. Pausanias records a Theban tradition that the river Cephissus formerly flowed under a mountain and entered the sea until Heracles blocked the passage and diverted the water into the Orchomenian plain. Pausanias also says that the Lilaeans on certain days threw cakes and other customary items into the spring of the Cephissus and that they would reappear in the Castalian Spring . The Cephissus valley

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506-472: Was built in 1962 and was extensively refurbished in 1998. The Euripus was closed by a dike of coarse sediment until about 6000 years ago, when it was opened by an (unrecorded) earthquake. Herodotus mentions the strait during his description of the Battle of Artemisium (480 BC), with the account implying that it was navigable by large fleets of triremes . Diodorus Siculus reports that in 411 BC

529-403: Was concern over the tendency of the current to erode the surroundings of the pilings that supported the bridge ( http://www.archiviodistatovenezia.it/divenire/collezioni.htm Archived 2016-01-27 at the Wayback Machine Senato, Deliberazioni, Misti . 60,140r–42r). Evliya Çelebi , in his Travel Journal (SN VIII250a27, ff.), tells us that the narrow channel was first opened out enough for

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