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49-538: Boerne ( / ˈ b ɜːr n i / BURN -ee ) is a city in and the county seat of Kendall County, Texas , United States, in the Texas Hill Country . Boerne is known for its German-Texan history, named in honor of German author and satirist Ludwig Börne by the German Founders of the town. The population of Boerne was 10,471 at the 2010 census, and in 2020 the population was 17,850. The city

98-531: A Superior Court and Sheriff (as an officer of the court ), both located in a designated "shire town". Bennington County, Vermont has two shire towns; the court for "North Shire" is in the shire town Manchester , and the Sheriff for the county and court for "South Shire" are in the shire town Bennington. In 2024, Connecticut , which had not defined their counties for anything but statistical, historical and weather warning purposes since 1960, along with ending

147-584: A 5A high school named after a well-liked administrator for the Boerne Independent School District. Opening in 2008, Samuel V. Champion High School is attended by students who matriculate from Boerne Middle School-South. Students zoned north of Texas Highway 46 attend Boerne High School. A 4A public high school, Boerne High School is smaller than Champion. Boerne High School is a well-regarded public high school and attended by students who come from Boerne Middle School-North. Boerne

196-642: A 96-mile-long (154 km) tributary of the San Antonio River , flows through the city. Two of Texas' seven show caves are located near Boerne: Cave Without a Name is 10 miles (16 km) to the northeast, and Cascade Caverns are 3 miles (5 km) to the southeast. They are both actively growing limestone-solution caves . Boerne has a typical central Texas humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa ) with hot, frequently humid summers and winters that average mild, but vary from hot to cold. Although 46.1 mornings per year fall below freezing, snowfall

245-504: A border with Cibolo Creek. The Center features a day camp during the summer for children ages 5–12, which focuses on educating about the environment and learning how to have fun in nature. It also operates a nature-based preschool named The Nest. Formed by the John D. Reed Dam, Boerne City Lake was completed and opened to the public in 1978. The primary purpose of the project was to provide some flood control for Cibolo Creek, and to supplement

294-410: A county seat may be an independent city surrounded by, but not part of, the county of which it is the administrative center; for example, Fairfax City is both the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia and completely surrounded by Fairfax County, but the city is politically independent of the county. When the county seat is in the independent city, government offices such as the courthouse may be in

343-690: A hermit, who hid in a cave at the time of the war. It is in the Boerne Independent School District , which has two high schools, three middle schools, and seven elementary schools. There are also a handful of religious private schools as well as Meadowlands, a charter school for at-risk youth in the San Antonio and Hill Country areas. County seat In Canada , the provinces of Ontario , Quebec , New Brunswick , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia have counties as an administrative division of government below

392-501: A household in the city was $ 80,500 and for a family was $ 50,903. Males had a median income of $ 35,039 versus $ 25,773 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 23,251. About 6.5% of families and 9.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 14.5% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over. Boerne is home to two public high schools and one private high school. Students located south of Texas State Highway 46 attend Boerne Samuel V. Champion High School,

441-660: Is also home to the Geneva School of Boerne. Unlike Boerne Champion and Boerne High School, Geneva is a private high school with an annual tuition of $ 11,235. Geneva competes in the Texas Association of Private and Parochial Schools at the 4A level. Created in the early 2010s, the Hill Country Mile is a 1.1-mile-long (1.8 km) walking path following River Road Park and historic Main Street. The path

490-677: Is extremely rare: between 1971 and 2000, the median was zero and the mean 0.5 inches or 0.013 metres. Temperatures at or below 0 °F or −17.8 °C have occurred only three times on record: December 22, 1929, January 31, 1949, and February 2, 1951, with the second being the coldest at −4 °F or −20 °C. In contrast to these cold spells, February 20 and 21, 1986, both reached 94 °F (34.4 °C), February 21 to 24, 1996 had four successive afternoons over 93 °F (33.9 °C), and January 1943 had three days reach 86 °F or 30 °C. The absolute hottest temperature has been 112 °F or 44.4 °C on August 23, 1925. Summer weather

539-409: Is known as the seat of its county. Generally, the county legislature, county courthouse, sheriff's department headquarters, hall of records, jail and correctional facility are located in the county seat, though some functions (such as highway maintenance, which usually requires a large garage for vehicles, along with asphalt and salt storage facilities) may also be located or conducted in other parts of

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588-641: Is noted for the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case City of Boerne v. Flores . Founded in 1849 as "Tusculum", the name was changed to "Boerne" when the town was platted in 1852. Boerne is part of the San Antonio – New Braunfels metropolitan statistical area . Boerne came into being as an offshoot of the Texas Hill Country Free Thinker Latin Settlements , resulting from the Revolutions of 1848 in

637-416: Is very hot, and can be either dry or humid: 91.6 afternoons reach above 90 °F or 32.2 °C, although only 3.6 afternoons reach 100 °F or 37.8 °C. Mostly the summer months are dry as the region is too far east of the monsoonal trough, but remnants of hurricanes tracking inland can produce very heavy rainfall, indeed, as in the wettest month of July 2002 when 28.43 inches (722.1 mm) fell and

686-725: The Llano County commune of Bettina , Texas was named. Behr first came to Texas via New Orleans aboard the Itzstein and Welcker , date unknown. During 1846, he was in Houston where he made the acquaintance of Hermann Spiess . Gustav Dresel, Special Business Agent for the Adelsverein, sent correspondence in 1847 that Behr and his family had arrived from Germany and were staying with him in Galveston Behr became

735-641: The Adelsverein for one year. The communities eventually failed due to lack of finances after the Adelsverein funding expired, and conflicts of structure and authorities. Many of the pioneers from these communities moved to Sisterdale , Boerne, and Comfort . In 1849, a group of Free Thinker German colonists from Bettina camped on the north side of Cibolo Creek , about a mile west of the site of present Boerne. They named their new community after Cicero 's Tusculum home in ancient Rome . In 1852, John James and Gustav Theissen, who helped settle Sisterdale, platted

784-587: The San Antonio Express News ; author, journalist and diplomat Dr. Julius Fröbel ; future Wall Street financial wiz Gustav Theissen; Edgar von Westphalen , brother to Jenny von Westphalen who was married to Karl Marx ; and Edward Degener , future Republican U.S. Representative from Texas during Reconstruction . Ottomar von Behr was married twice, and owned property in Germany to which he made regular trips to collect rents. Nothing

833-564: The Union and Abraham Lincoln . The 1870 limestone courthouse, second-oldest in Texas, was designed by architects Philip Zoeller and J. F. Stendebach, and stands directly across the street from the current 1998 courthouse designed by architects Rehler, Vaughn & Koone, Inc. In March 1887, the San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway came to town. The coming of the railroad was an economic boost of some magnitude, and it created better conditions for

882-673: The Boerne Village Band, and four generations of musicians. The band is billed as the "Oldest Continuously Organized German Band in the World outside Germany", and in 1998 the Federal Republic of Germany recognized the Boerne Village Band for its contribution to the German heritage in Texas and America. Boerne is located in southern Kendall County in the Texas Hill Country . Interstate 10 and U.S. Route 87 pass through

931-553: The German states . Those who came were Forty-Eighters , intellectual liberal abolitionists who enjoyed conversing in Latin and who believed in utopian ideals that guaranteed basic human rights to all. They reveled in passionate conversations about science, philosophy, literature, and music. The Free Thinkers first settled Castell , Bettina , Leningen, and Schoenburg in Llano County . These experimental communities were supported by

980-478: The Gulf of Mexico and directing a moist southeasterly flow; in the extreme case of the winter of 1991/1992, 14.42 inches or 366.3 millimetres fell between December 19 and 22, with a total of 29.44 inches (747.8 mm) for the three winter months; however, four years later, the whole winter had no more than 0.96 inches (24.4 mm). Overall, the wettest calendar year has been 1992 with 64.17 inches (1,629.9 mm) and

1029-655: The Texas Congress in 1853 for a charter to operate a German-English college to be built at Sisterdale, but the petition did not come to fruition. Visitors to Behr's Sisterdale home included Duke Paul Wilhelm of Württemberg , John Russell Bartlett , and Frederick Law Olmsted , who admired his lending library, pictures, and harpsichord. Among the other original settlers in Sisterdale were German geographer Ernst Kapp ; Anhalt Premier progeny journalist Dr. Carl Adolph Douai ; August Siemering who later founded

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1078-947: The United States, followed by Towson , the county seat of Baltimore County, Maryland . Likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey , though unincorporated, is a section of Middle Township , an incorporated municipality. In some states, often those that were among the original Thirteen Colonies , county seats include or formerly included "Court House" as part of their name, such as Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia . Most counties have only one county seat. However, some counties in Alabama , Arkansas , Georgia , Iowa , Kentucky , Massachusetts , Mississippi , Missouri , New Hampshire , New York , and Vermont have two or more county seats, usually located on opposite sides of

1127-733: The Veterans Administration in 1919 to provide care for World War I veterans suffering from lung ailments; the William L. Sill Tuberculosis Resort operated northwest of Boerne; and Mrs. Adolph (Emilie) Lex opened her home to recovering patients, eventually converting two rooms into operating rooms. Karl Degener organized the Boerne Gesang Verein (singing club) and the Boerne Village Band in 1860. The family and descendants of Sisterdale resident Baron Ottomar von Behr have included three generations of directors of

1176-768: The area. In the late 1870s, retired British army officers, including Glynn Turquand and Captain Egremont Shearburn, played one of the first polo matches in the United States in Boerne. The polo ground is still visible on Balcones Ranch, bought by Captain Turquand in 1878. Boerne's robust environment encouraged the health resort industry. Sisters of the Incarnate Word founded the St. Mary's Sanitarium in 1896 for pulmonary patients; Dr. W.E. Wright contracted with

1225-509: The city south and west of its center, with access from Exits 537 through 543. I-10/US-87 lead southeast 31 miles (50 km) to downtown San Antonio and northwest 16 miles (26 km) to Comfort , where the highways diverge. According to the United States Census Bureau , Boerne has a total area of 11.6 square miles (30.1 km), of which 0.3 square miles (0.8 km), or 2.61%, is covered by water. Cibolo Creek ,

1274-532: The city was 94.76% White, 0.36% African American, 0.37% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 3.29% from other races, and 1.05% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 19.44% of the population. Of the 2,292 households, 36.0% had children under 18 living with them, 57.0% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were not families. About 25.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.4% had someone living alone who

1323-526: The counties after his unification, there were about 1,000. Under the Eastern Han dynasty , the number of counties increased to above 1,000. About 1400 existed when the Sui dynasty abolished the commandery level (郡 jùn), which was the level just above counties, and demoted some commanderies to counties. In Imperial China, the county was a significant administrative unit because it marked the lowest level of

1372-418: The county, especially if it is geographically large. A county seat is usually an incorporated municipality . The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia , where the county seat is the entire county. Ellicott City , the county seat of Howard County, Maryland , is the largest unincorporated county seat in

1421-420: The county. Examples include Harrison County, Mississippi , which has both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats, and Hinds County, Mississippi , which has both Raymond and the state capital of Jackson . The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult. There have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of civic pride for

1470-519: The driest 1954 with 10.29 inches (261.4 mm), although between July 1991 and June 1992 68.13 inches (1,730.5 mm) were recorded. As of the 2020 United States census , 17,850 people, 5,547 households, and 3,891 families resided in the city. As of the census of 2000, 6,178 people, 2,292 households, and 1,613 families resided in the city. The population density was 1,061.1 inhabitants per square mile (409.7/km). The 2,466 housing units averaged 423.5 per square mile (163.6/km). The racial makeup of

1519-406: The first five days as much as 25.47 inches or 646.9 millimetres. The wettest days in Boerne have been October 2, 1913, with 9.04 inches (229.6 mm) and June 22, 1997, with 8.93 inches (226.8 mm). In contrast, no rain fell between June 27 and August 31 of 1993, with only 1.45 inches or 36.8 millimetres between June and August 1910. Winter rain usually occurs via Pacific storms redeveloping over

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1568-441: The fresh water supply for the city. The lake has around 100 acres of water and an associated watershed of 12,560 acres. Motorized boats are not permitted on the water. As of 2024, the possession and consumption of alcohol at the lake is prohibited. Cascade Caverns opened to the public in 1932 and began having private tours in the 1870s. Stories say that the cave was known particularly to the adventurous young men of Kendall County and

1617-424: The imperial bureaucratic structure; in other words, it was the lowest level that the government reached. Government below the county level was often undertaken through informal non-bureaucratic means, varying between dynasties. The head of a county was the magistrate , who oversaw both the day-to-day operations of the county as well as civil and criminal cases. The current number of counties mostly resembled that of

1666-585: The increase of Han Chinese population in Taiwan, the number of counties also grew by time. By the end of Qing era, there were 11 counties in Taiwan. Protestant missionaries in China first romanized the term as hien . When Taiwan became a Japanese colony in 1895, the hierarchy of divisions also incorporated into the Japanese system in the period when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. By September 1945, Taiwan

1715-625: The independent city under an agreement, such as in Albemarle , or may in be enclaves of the county surrounded by the independent city, such as in Fairfax . Others, such as Prince William , have the courthouse in an enclave surrounded by the independent city and have the county government, the Board of Supervisors, in a different part of the county, far from the county seat. The following counties have their county seat in an independent city: Bedford

1764-758: The later years of the Qing dynasty . Changes of location and names of counties in Chinese history have been a major field of research in Chinese historical geography, especially from the 1960s to the 1980s. There are 1,355 counties in Mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions. In Taiwan , the first counties were first established in 1661 by the Kingdom of Tungning . The later ruler Qing empire inherited this type of administrative divisions. With

1813-775: The provincial level, and thus county seats. In the provinces of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia the term "shire town" is used in place of county seat. County seats in China are the administrative centers of the counties in the People's Republic of China . Xian have existed since the Warring States period and were set up nationwide by the Qin dynasty . The number of counties in China proper gradually increased from dynasty to dynasty. As Qin Shi Huang reorganized

1862-490: The second resident of the settlement he named Sisterdale , which was founded by Nicolaus Zink in 1847 on the bank of the Sister Creek. Ottomar von Behr first purchased a ranch two miles south of Sisterdale on what became FM 1376. Louise and Ottomar purchased an additional ranch, ten miles north of Boerne, with the same location. He developed a cross breed of sheep by breeding imported German sheep with Mexican sheep. Behr

1911-777: The state's area, has no borough government or borough seat. One borough, the Lake and Peninsula Borough , has its borough seat located in another borough, namely King Salmon in Bristol Bay Borough . In Louisiana , which is divided into parishes rather than counties, county seats are referred to as "parish seats". In New England , counties have served mainly as dividing lines for the states' judicial systems. Rhode Island has no county level of government and thus no county seats, and Massachusetts has dissolved many but not all of its county governments. In Vermont , Massachusetts , and Maine county government consists only of

1960-416: The towns involved, along with providing employment opportunities. There are 33 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states: Alaska is divided into boroughs rather than counties; the county seat in these case is referred to as the "borough seat"; this includes six consolidated city-borough governments (one of which is styled as a "municipality"). The Unorganized Borough, Alaska , which covers 49% of

2009-640: The townsite, renamed it in honor of German author Karl Ludwig Börne , with the Anglicized spelling of "Boerne". The town was not incorporated until 1909. August Staffell was the original postmaster in 1856. During the Civil War, Boerne voted against secession and was a mostly pro-Union town; many communities in Kendall County were part of the formation of the Union League , which supported

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2058-544: The use of county seats in particular, will fully transition with the permission of the United States Census Bureau to a system of councils of government for the purposes of boundary definition and as county equivalents. Two counties in South Dakota , Oglala Lakota and Todd , have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county. Their county-level services are provided by Fall River County and Tripp County , respectively. In Virginia ,

2107-410: Was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.10. In the city, the population was distributed as 26.0% under 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.1 males. The median income for

2156-435: Was a meteorologist and naturalist , who became an Adelsverein colonist in Texas. He was the second settler at Sisterdale , Texas, and the person who gave the town its name. Baron Ottomar von Behr was born at Anhalt-Cöthen in 1810 to Chamber President August von Behr. He was a meteorologist and naturalist whose circle of friends included geographer-naturalist Alexander von Humboldt and Bettina von Arnim , for whom

2205-407: Was an independent city from 1968 to 2013, while also being the county seat of Bedford County . Bedford reverted to an incorporated town, and remains the county seat, though is now part of the county. The state with the most counties is Texas, with 254, and the state with the fewest counties is Delaware, with 3. Ottomar von Behr Ottomar von Behr (alternatively spelled as Ottmar 1810–1856)

2254-860: Was appointed the first postmaster of Sisterdale on October 23, 1851. On October 16–17, 1853, Behr and three other vocalists represented Sisterdale at the first Texas Sängerfest in New Braunfels , sponsored by the New Braunfels Gesangverein. Sisterdale was one of the Latin Settlements , resulting from the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states . Those who came were Forty-Eighters , intellectual liberal abolitionists who enjoyed conversing in Latin and believed in utopian ideals that guaranteed basic human rights to all. They reveled in passionate conversations about literature, music and philosophy. The free thinkers petitioned

2303-478: Was created as a catalyst to unify and preserve the rich cultural identity of downtown Boerne. It was also created to increase and foster economic growth through downtown shopping and culture centers. The Cibolo Center for Conservation comprises over 100 acres (40 ha) of Hill Country trails and wilderness, as well as the historic Herff-Rozelle Farm . Originally named the Cibolo Nature Center, it

2352-635: Was divided into 8 prefectures ( 州 and 廳 ), which remained after the Republic of China took over. There are 13 county seats in Taiwan, which function as county-administered cities , urban townships , or rural townships . In most of the United States , a county is an administrative or political subdivision of a state that consists of a geographic area with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government

2401-648: Was first opened to the public on Earth Day in 1990 after founder Carolyn Chipman Evans urged the City of Boerne to preserve marshland around Boerne City Park. It is maintained through a 501c3 nonprofit organization called the Friends of the Cibolo Wilderness. Trails are open every day from sunrise to sunset, and the Visitors' Center is open from 8am to 5pm. City Park is in a unique natural setting, as it shares

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