Misplaced Pages

#463536

21-518: The word bogatyr is not of Slavic origin. It derives from the Turco-Mongolic baghatur "hero", which is itself of uncertain origin. The term is recorded from at least the 8th century. Gerard Clauson suggests that bağatur was in origin a Hunnic proper name, specifically that of Modu Chanyu . Alternatively, a suggestion cited in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary that

42-544: A West Germanic intermediary. The earliest attested form is Old English wicing , "pirate", whence modern English viking . This in turn probably comes from Latin vicus with the Germanic suffix *-inga- , indicating belonging. In Germanic and Latin sources, the word has negative connotations. The circumstances of borrowing, and how it came to mean "hero" in Slavic, remain unclear. Alternatively, per Brückner and Machek,

63-1041: A Xiongnu (which Clauson proposes to be Hunnic ) name, and specifically of the second Xiongnu Chanyu, whose name was transliterated by the Han Chinese as 冒頓 (with -n for foreign -r ), now pronounced Mòdùn ~ Màodùn in standard Chinese . The word was introduced in many cultures as a result of the Turco-Mongol conquests, and now exists in different forms in various languages: Old Turkic : 𐰉𐰍𐰀 , romanized:  Baga ; Mongolian : ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠦᠷ Baγatur , Khalkha Mongolian : Баатар Bātar ; Chinese : 巴特爾 ; Ottoman Turkish : بهادر , romanized :  bahadır ; Turkish : Bağatur, Batur, Bahadır ; Russian : Богатырь Bogatyr ; Bulgarian : Багатур Bagatur ; Persian : بهادر ; Punjabi : ਬਹਾਦੁਰ ( Gurmukhi ) , بہادر ( Shahmukhi ) , Urdu : بہادر , Bulgarian and Russian: Багатур (Bagatur), Persian Bahador , Georgian Bagatur , and Hindi Bahadur . It

84-501: A noble warrior. The most prominent examples were Sadko and Vasily Buslayev , who became part of the Novgorod Cycle of folk epics. The most prominent heroes in these epics are Svyatogor and Volkh Vseslavyevich  [ ru ] ; they are commonly called the "elder bogatyrs". Later notable bogatyrs also include those who fought alongside Alexander Nevsky (1221–1263) – including Vasily Buslayev – and those who fought in

105-550: A story in Aleksandr Afanas'ev 's collection Russian Fairy Tales featuring Alyosha Popovich and Ilya Muromets. Red Medusa Animation Studio, based in Russia, created an animated parody of the bogatyrs called "Three Russian Bogaturs", in which the titular characters—strong and tenacious, but not overly bright—prevail against various opponents from fairy tales, pop culture, and modern life. Though not as heavily researched,

126-656: Is also preserved in the modern Turkic and Mongol languages as Altai Баатыр (Baatïr) , Turkish Batur/Bahadır , Tatar and Kazakh Батыр (Batyr) , Uzbek Batyr and Mongolian Baatar (as in Ulaanbaatar ). It is the origin of a number of terms and names, such as Bahadur (in Persian, South Asian Muslim, Sikh and other cultures), Bahadır , Baturu , Bey , Mete , Metehan , Russian: Богатырь ( Bogatyr ) , Polish Bohater ( lit.   ' hero ' ), Hungarian: Bátor (meaning "brave"), among others. Bahadur

147-481: Is the Bashkir epic poem Ural-batyr . The Bogatyr of Eastern Slavic legends is derived from the turkic term. Baghaturs were heroes of extraordinary courage, fearlessness, and decisiveness, often portrayed as being descended from heaven and capable of performing extraordinary deeds. Baghatur was the heroic ideal Turco-Mongol warriors strove to live up to, hence its use as a military honorific of glory. The term

168-508: Is the protagonist of three, numbers 40, 41 and 42: “Vasily Buslayev and the People of Novgorod”, “Vasily Buslayev's Journey” and “The Death of Vasily Buslayev.” Vasily Buslayev is a Novgorod hero, representing the ideal youthful and boundless prowess. He is one of the most famous characters of folklore, bearing the name Vasily. From a young age Vasily showed no constraint; he always did as he pleased, without regard to consequences. Antagonizing

189-485: The 1380 Battle of Kulikovo . Kievan bogatyrs and their heroic tales have influenced figures in Russian literature and art, such Alexander Pushkin , who wrote the 1820 epic fairy-tale poem Ruslan and Ludmila , Viktor Vasnetsov , and Andrei Ryabushkin whose artworks depict many bogatyrs from the different cycles of folk epics. Bogatyrs are also mentioned in wonder tales in a more playful light as in "Foma Berennikov",

210-700: The Novgorod cycle, focused on Sadko and Vasily Buslayev , which depicts everyday life in Novgorod. Many of the stories about bogatyrs revolve around the court of Vladimir I of Kiev and feature in the Kievan Cycle. The most notable bogatyrs or vityazes served at his court: the trio of Alyosha Popovich , Dobrynya Nikitich and Ilya Muromets . Each of them tends to be known for a certain character trait: Alyosha Popovich for his wits, Dobrynya Nikitich for his courage, and Ilya Muromets for his physical and spiritual power and integrity, and for his dedication to

231-544: The Proto-Slavic term could be of native Slavic origin, "victory" or "trophy". In modern Russian, the word bogatyr also labels a courageous hero, an athlete or a physically strong man. Many Rus epic poems, called bylinas ( Ukrainian : билини ; Russian : былины ), prominently featured stories about these heroes, as did several chronicles, including the 13th century Galician–Volhynian Chronicle . Some bogatyrs are presumed to be historical figures, while others, like

SECTION 10

#1732780393464

252-464: The enemy. They are often seen working with the heroes in tales that mention their presence. Most bogatyrs are fictional, but are believed to be based on historical prototypes: Some of the historical warriors also entered folklore and became known as bogatyrs: Baghatur Baghatur is a historical Turkic and Mongol honorific title, in origin a term for " hero " or "valiant warrior". The Papal envoy Plano Carpini ( c. 1185–1252) compared

273-465: The female bogatyr or polianitsa  [ ru ] ( поляница ) is a female warrior akin to the Amazons . Many of the more well-known polianitsas are wives to the famous male bogatyrs, such as Nastas'ya Nikulichna, the wife of Dobrynya Nikitich. While the female bogatyr doesn't quite match the men in strength and bravery, there are stories detailing instances where they save their husbands and outwit

294-637: The giant Svyatogor , are purely fictional and possibly echo figures in Slavic pagan mythology . Some scholars divide the epic poems into three collections: the Mythological epics, older stories that were told before Kiev-Rus was founded and Christianity was brought to the region , and included magic and the supernatural; the Kievan cycle, which contains the largest number of bogatyrs and their stories (Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich, and Alyosha Popovich); and

315-403: The majority of Novgorod, he gathered a group of like minded daredevils to rage more and more. Only his mother had a slight power over him. Finally at a feast Vasily became drunk and belligerent and bets that he and his group could beat up all of the men of Novgorod. As the fight began, it quickly became clear that Vasily's wager was to be seen through. Only his mother's intervention was able to save

336-493: The men of Novgorod. Later, when Vasily was older, feeling the weight of his sins, made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem to repent. However, the journey did not change his character and he defiantly violates all prohibitions and dies on his return in the most absurd way trying once again to prove his prowess. Most pre-revolution researchers are in favor that Vasily was intended to represent the might of Novgorod and its people. James Joyes mentions this bogatyr in "Finnegans Wake": " of

357-421: The protection of his homeland and people. Most of those bogatyrs' adventures are fictional, and often included fighting dragons, giants and other mythical creatures. However, the bogatyrs themselves were often based on real people. Historical prototypes exist both for Dobrynya Nikitich (the warlord Dobrynya ) and for Ilya Muromets. The Novgorod Republic produced a specific kind of hero, an adventurer rather than

378-943: The term may be related to the Sanskrit bhagadhara . Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (1890—1907) claims that the first known use of the word in a Kievan context occurred in Stanisław Sarnicki 's 1585 book Descriptio veteris et novae Poloniae cum divisione ejusdem veteri et nova ( A description of the Old and the New Poland with the old, and a new division of the same ), which states: "Rossi ... de heroibus suis, quos Bohatiros id est semideos vocant, aliis persuadere conantur." ("Ruthenians ... try to convince others about their heroes whom they call Bogatirs, meaning demigods.") The term vityaz comes from Proto-Slavic *vitędzь , from Proto-Germanic * wīkingaz through

399-718: The title with the equivalent of European Knighthood. The word was common among the Mongols and became especially widespread, as an honorific title, in the Mongol Empire in the 13th century; the title persisted in its successor-states, and later came to be adopted also as a regnal title in the Ilkhanate and the Timurid dynasty , among others. The concept of the Baghatur is present in Turco-Mongol folklore, one instance

420-794: Was first used by the steppe peoples to the north and west of China proper as early as the 7th century as evidenced in Sui dynasty records. It is attested for the Second Turkic Khaganate in the 6th century, and among the Bulgars of the First Bulgarian Empire in the 6th century. Some authors claim Iranian origin of the word, the first syllable is very likely the Iranian title word * bag "god, lord". According to Gerard Clauson , bağatur by origin almost certainly

441-626: Was often included in titles in Mughal Empire and later during the British Raj to signify a higher level of honor above the title without the word. For example: The term Baghatur and its variants – Bahadur , Bagatur , or Baghadur , was adopted by the following historical individuals: Vasily Buslayev Vasily Buslayev is a Novgorod character of the Bogatyr epics. According to S.A. Azbelev there are 53 Bogatyr epics, Vasily

SECTION 20

#1732780393464
#463536