21-578: Bogdan A091 , originally known as Tur A091 , is a high-floor midibus manufactured at Cherkasy Autobus factory in Ukraine . After the dissolution of the Soviet Union an independent Ukraine needed a new small bus model that would be able to rival Russia 's PAZ-3205 at the market. In late 90's Lviv Bus Factory , which was the largest bus assembling factory in the USSR, tried to produce such bus in
42-522: A flat floor ranging between 760 and 1,370 mm (30 and 54 in) above the top of the railhead (ATOR). To enhance accessibility and optimize dwell times , railway platform heights at stations are sometimes standardised to allow level boarding for commuters on high platforms. According to one definition, level boarding means the gap between the platform and the floor of the track varies by no more than 76 mm (3 in) horizontally and 16 mm ( 5 ⁄ 8 in) vertically. Level boarding
63-503: A new underground light rail line is equipped with platforms for low-floor trams and will be permanently operated with low-floor vehicles. This form of design and construction will avoid the need for subsequent rebuilding of stops on tram routes, even though both cities already have underground lines with high-floor platforms. Buses in the UK were traditionally step-entrance built, however this has created problems for people who use wheelchairs as
84-789: A partnership with UkrAvtobusProm institute however after several prototype models it didn't go anywhere as LAZ decided to end their cooperation. At the same time Oleksiy and Petro Poroshenko 's UkrPromInvest had bought the Cherkasy Autobus factory that used to repair Russian buses back in Soviet era. In order to compete with Pavlovo Bus Factory they began their partnership with Japanese truck manufacturer Isuzu and cooperate with UkrAvtobusProm. May 25th, 1999 at SIA-1999 exhibition in Lviv UkrAvtobusProm presented their new Cherkasy -built prototype bus called Tur A091, it
105-434: A railcar more rapidly if they do not have to climb stairs to enter, reducing dwell time at a stop, and reducing overall travel time. In addition, high-platform railcars have more floor space for passengers if space is not required for stairways, and wheelwells needed to accommodate train bogies . Because bilevel rail cars have two passenger levels within a standard height rail car, the lower level, where passengers board,
126-536: A restyling, the grille had been replaced with a plastic panel, the taillights had been moved from rear bumper to the rear mask and the glued glass windows had been changed to a fixated ones. Additionally, the salon now had three seats in a row instead of four. At the SIA-2003 exhibition in Kyiv UkrPromInvest presented their 1000th A091. New ecological and safety standards have led to the need of replacing
147-717: Is also known as stepless entry since passengers do not have to negotiate a staircase to board the passenger car. For newly constructed routes, routes primarily located in tunnels, or routes with a dedicated right of way and enough space, high platforms are usually preferred, since high-floor vehicles are cheaper to manufacture, and have better operating characteristics. High platforms do have significant advantages beyond level boarding for wheelchair accessibility. Physically disabled passengers (e.g. those using wheelchairs or who have difficulties climbing stairs) also benefit, as do travelers pulling wheeled luggage or small folding shopping carts. Even physically non-disabled passengers can board
168-430: Is generally lower than a conventional high-floor car. Hence level boarding with a bilevel car is accomplished using a lower platform, as low as 460 mm (18 in) ATOR. Because tram/light-rail/streetcar vehicles often share loading gauge sizes with heavy rail vehicles, these passenger vehicles usually also use high floor designs. Existing tram/streetcar/light-rail networks generally feature low platforms as many of
189-566: Is the city railway in Cologne; in the mid-1990s, it was decided to divide that city's partially high-platform network into two separate networks: high-floor and low-floor. In contrast with some light rail underground lines, which are often provisionally equipped with low platforms or with tracks laid on raised ballast, there are new developments in the German cities of Düsseldorf (Wehrhahn line) and Dortmund (east–west line). In each of these cities,
210-545: The buses are not wheelchair accessible, as well as being somewhat difficult for passengers with reduced mobility and parents who may be carrying prams and pushchairs. Despite low-floor buses first being phased into the UK in 1994, a large number of step-entrance buses remained in use as well as being manufactured. However with the popularity of low-floor buses expanding by the late 1990's due to their easy accessibility for elderly passengers with reduced mobility, passengers with disabilities and parents carrying prams and pushchairs,
231-890: The end of their economic or maintainable life. To get around this, a wheelchair compliant step-entrance bus introduced by Wrightbus, the Eclipse SchoolRun was produced in 2006, fitted with a wheelchair lift to allow wheelchair-bound passengers onto the bus, but no further wheelchair compliant step-entrance bus designs were produced. Due to the Terms Of The Disability Discrimination Act requiring all buses in public service to be wheelchair accessible, non-compliant step-entrance single deckers and their low floor counterparts were outlawed after 31 December 2015, with non-compliant step-entrance double deckers and their low floor counterparts following suit after 31 December 2016, however exemptions apply for
SECTION 10
#1732780656189252-404: The interior floor of these vehicles. The term is used in contrast with low-floor designs, which offer a decreased floor and entry height above the street surface. Since low-floor designs generally were developed after high-floor vehicles, the older high-floor design is sometimes also known as conventional or the “traditional” design. A rail vehicle of conventional or high-floor design usually has
273-473: The interior flooring of commuter vehicles primarily used in public transport such as trains , light rail cars and other rail vehicles, along with buses and trolleybuses . Interior floor height is generally measured above the street surface or above the top of the rail. High-floor designs usually result from packaging requirements: mechanical items such as axles, motors, crankshafts, and/or transmissions, or luggage storage spaces are traditionally placed under
294-550: The limited use of non-compliant heritage buses on vintage bus services, as well as Transport For London's Heritage Routemasters due to their service being overlaid on the high-frequency low-floor Route 15. In San Francisco , the Muni Metro light-rail system, which has both on-street and underground stations, uses a combination of high and low platforms, and the vehicles feature retractable stairs to accommodate both platform types. For on-street stations, stairs are deployed within
315-460: The minibus with a modern model which was presented in 2003. The next generation bus received the index of A092 and for some time two models were being produced in parallel however the A091 kept losing its relevance and in 2005 it was decided to discontinue its production. This bus-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . High-floor High-floor describes
336-541: The production of step-entrance buses slowed, with the last ever non-compliant step-entrance bus design being the double-decked East Lancs Pyoneer in 1997. The production of step-entrance buses in the UK almost fully ceased by 31 December 2000, with the legal requirement for new buses produced to be wheelchair accessible, which forced bus manufacturers to concentrate on making low-floor buses, however bus operators were still allowed to order secondhand non-compliant step-entrance buses and run them on their services until they reach
357-550: The retrofitting of high platforms on existing routes, while still providing improved accessibility. Although low-floor vehicles began to be developed in the 1920s, the first low-floor tram is generally recognized as the Duewag / ACM Vevey design of 1984 deployed in Geneva, providing a floor height of 480 mm (19 in) ATOR. Tourist coaches generally have very high floors, sometimes greater than 1,000 mm (39 in) above
378-709: The road surface, in order to have ample room for luggage under the floor. Since boarding must be allowed directly from flat ground, long and steep staircases are needed. Transit buses also use high floors to provide mechanical clearances for solid axles, but the use of dropped axles has enabled the creation of low-floor buses and by 2008 in the United States, the majority of new transit bus orders were for low-floor types. Today, in Germany, all rapid transit railways, most commuter trains , and many light rail vehicles operate as high-floor networks. A notable exception
399-440: The stations or stops are in the streets. The high construction/conversion cost of high platforms and the difficulty of making high platforms compatible with other features of the urban landscape are a significant obstacle to converting tram networks these into urban or commuter rail networks with high platforms. These problems were a major motivation for the development of low-floor trams , which allow transit operators to avoid
420-530: Was named Bogdan because it was easy to transliterate it from Cyrillic script to latin, later this name will be chosen for the Bogdan Corporation that will become UkrPromInvest's vehicle production division. The first serial A091 was produced November 4th, 1999, the mass production models acquired a separate door for driver that was absent on the prototype. Also some of the buses produced before 2002 had corrugated sides. During 2001 Bogdan A091 received
441-406: Was resembling the prototypes of LAZ minibuses since the institute used their previous experience from working on them. The bus was built on Isuzu chassis and had a Ukrainian-made fiberglass body. The model was more comfortable than the ones available at the time, it had a lowered entrance and was equipped with an air suspension. It was decided to make a new brand name for UkrPromInvest buses, the bus
SECTION 20
#1732780656189#188811