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56-451: During the colonial era the palace became favorite residence of the governors-general due to Bogor's more adaptable climate. It was also favored by the late President Sukarno and became the official presidential residence until his downfall in 1967. The palace remained mostly unused until February 2015, when the new president Joko Widodo moved the president's office from Merdeka Palace to Bogor Palace. The original colonial building on

112-584: A former governor-general. From 1815 to 1848 the ministry was under direct authority of the Dutch monarch. In the 20th century the colony gradually developed as a state distinct from the Dutch metropole with treasury separated in 1903, public loans being contracted by the colony from 1913, and quasi-diplomatic ties were established with Arabia to manage the Haji pilgrimage from the Dutch East Indies. In 1922

168-491: A height of more than 2 m have been planted in this garden area, functioning as a protection from direct sun exposure. A small garden with a French rose garden layout was built in 1884 by M. Treub, as its name the garden was built as a memoir of Johannes Elias Teijsmann for his contribution to the garden's development. At the center of the garden lies the Teijsmann monument, erected using granite from Berlin. This section of

224-649: A major research center for agriculture and horticulture. It is the oldest botanical garden in Southeast Asia . The area that is now Bogor Botanical Gardens was part of the samida (man-made forest) that was established at least around the era when Sri Baduga Maharaja (Prabu Siliwangi, 1474–1513) ruled the Sunda Kingdom , as written in the Batutulis inscription . This forest was created to protect seeds of rare trees. The forest remained neglected after

280-418: A mansion to be built, however the construction was not completed by the end of his term in 1750, and thus it was continued by his successor Jacob Mossel . An extensive renovation of the palace occurred under Governor-General Herman Willem Daendels (1808–1811). The palace was further expanded into two floors, with a new wing added in the east and west of the original structure. In 1811 Stamford Raffles led

336-619: A refuge for more than 50 different varieties of birds and for groups of bats roosting high in the trees. In 1852, the Cibodas Botanical Gardens was founded as an extension of the Bogor Garden at the town of Cibodas , roughly 45 kilometers to the southeast of Bogor. A branch of the garden was opened in 1941 near the town of Purwodadi Botanical Garden , and later in 1959 another branch was opened in Bali . South of

392-498: A small portion of the population were able to vote for its members. The council comprised 30 indigenous members, 25 European and 5 from Chinese and other populations, and was reconstituted every four years. In 1925 the Volksraad was made a semilegislative body; and the governor-general was expected to consult the Volksraad on major issues. Kebun Raya Bogor The Bogor Botanical Gardens ( Indonesian : Kebun Raya Bogor )

448-677: A sovereign state, the Ministry of Agriculture took over the management of the garden and renamed ' s Lands Plantentuin te Buitenzorg to "Institute of Nature Study" ( Lembaga Pusat Penyelidikan Alam ; LLPA ) and the garden "Kebun Raya" (Great Garden) . Kusnoto Setyodiwirjo became the first Indonesian curator, who eventually to become head of the garden in 1959. In 1962, the garden and all research institutes associated with it became part of "Lembaga Biologi Nasional" ( LBN ; National Biological Institute ), with Otto Soemarwoto appointed as director in 1964. He promoted scientific biological research at

504-510: A stay in Bogor, the pavilion also include a swimming pool. Other buildings are used as guesthouses for government ministers and officials. There is also a multi-purpose building which was built in 1908. The garden covers an area of 28.4 hectare and are adjacent to Kebun Raya Bogor (Bogor Botanical Garden). A herd of spotted deer can be spotted roaming around the palace garden; they are native to India and Nepal. The deer were originally brought by

560-599: A successful invasion of Java and Britain took possession of the colony until 1816. Raffles had Buitenzorg Palace as his residence due to the temperate climate of the hills of Bogor, while conducting most of the council meeting in the Palace of Rijswijk in Batavia. During his stay he had the garden of the Buitenzorg palace transformed into an English garden , which became an inspiration for the later botanical garden. Later

616-580: Is a botanical garden located in Bogor , Indonesia , 60 km south of central Jakarta . It is currently operated by the National Research and Innovation Agency . The garden is located in the city center and adjoin the presidential palace compound of Istana Bogor . It covers an area of 87 hectares (210 acres) and contains 13,983 different kinds of trees and plants of various origin. The geographic position of Bogor means it rains almost daily, even in

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672-609: Is located in the south and is where most of the garden facilities are concentrated, such as ticket purchasing booth, Treub's laboratory, Nusa Indah Guesthouse, plant/souvenir shops, the library and the conservation building. The precinct east of Ciliwung was laid out in 1927 with facilities as the mosque, cafes, Herbarium, orchid section and Wisma Tamu guesthouse, near Astrid's avenue. Today the garden contains 13,983 specimens of trees and plants, belonging to 3373 species, 1257 genera and 218 families. There are 288 species (88 genera) of exceptional palms along lawns and avenues. The gardens are

728-737: The Binnenhof Hotel or Bellevue Hotel. During the Japanese occupation (1942–1945), the hotel was used as the Kempetai Headquarters (Japanese Military Police). After Indonesia's independence, the hotel was handed over to the Indonesian government and was renamed the Hotel Salak The Heritage after the name of Mount Salak, the largest mountain in Bogor. The word "The Heritage" was used to express to

784-532: The Americas . This garden is located at the north-eastern corner of the botanic garden and was built to commemorate Soedjana Kassan, who was head of Bogor Botanical Garden from 1959 to 1964. At the center of the garden, there are plants which are arranged to form Indonesia's national symbol of Garuda. Bogor Botanic Garden's collection of orchids focuses primarily on wild species, numbering approximately 500 species from over 100 genera. Grammatophyllum speciosum ,

840-598: The independence of Indonesia in 1949. The first governors-general were appointed by the Dutch East India Company (VOC). After the VOC was formally dissolved in 1800, the territorial possessions of the VOC were nationalised under the Dutch government as the Dutch East Indies, a colony of the Netherlands . Governors-general were now appointed by either the Dutch monarch or the Dutch government. During

896-457: The Bogor palace, the man-made pond served as habitat for wildlife of Kebun Raya Bogor. One of the most notable inhabitants of the pond is Victoria amazonica . The seed of the plant was sent from Amsterdam Botanical Garden in 1860. The monuments dedicated to Raffles' wife and Reinwardt are located near the pond. Nearby the Bogor palace's bamboo collection section there is a small cemetery with Dutch tombstones. One of its notable tombs belonged to

952-522: The Bogor, Bali and Cibodas Gardens renovated their orchid houses. The Botanic Garden Orchid section are divided into: Bogor Botanical Gardens has five Amorphophallus titanum plants in its collections, all from Pagar Alam , South Sumatra . This represents the greatest number of specimens among the botanical collection. The latest flowering events took place in January 2011 and on July 3, 2011. Treub 's Laboratory opened on December 1, 1884. However

1008-466: The Dutch East Indies era most governors-general were expatriate Dutchmen, while during the earlier VOC era most governors-general became settlers who stayed and died in the East Indies. Under the period of British control (1811–1816) , the equivalent position was the lieutenant-governor , of whom the most notable is Thomas Stamford Raffles . Between 1942 and 1945, while Hubertus Johannes van Mook

1064-466: The Dutch Empire and monarch and was the most influential party in the colony. Until 1815 the governor-general had the absolute right to ban, censor or restrict any publication in the colony. The so-called exorbitant powers of the governor-general allowed him to exile anyone regarded as subversive and dangerous to peace and order, without involving any court of law. Until 1848 the governor-general

1120-597: The German Embassy. During the event a monument dedicated to Reinwardt was placed near Gunting pond. The anniversary was accompanied by the ASEAN-China Workshop Botanical Garden on Management and Plant Conservation event, which took place in the garden. At the end of the celebration, several trees were planted by the attending 10 ministries of ASEAN. However, on the first of June 2006, a storm hit Bogor and many trees and plants in

1176-462: The Sundanese kingdom was destroyed in the 16th century. In 1744 the Dutch East India Company established a garden and mansion at the site of the present botanical gardens in Buitenzorg (now known as Bogor). After the successful British invasion of Java in 1811 , Stamford Raffles was appointed as the island's lieutenant-governor, and he took Buitenzorg Palace as his residence. During his rule in

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1232-463: The botanical gardens, a private company named PT. Mitra Natura Raya was established as a Government's strategic partner to operate the gardens. The garden is roughly square shaped covering an area of 87 hectares (210 acres), with additional 28.4 hectares (70 acres) of the ground in the north-west being the palace garden. The garden is divided by the Ciliwung river and has three bridges. The main gate

1288-527: The botanical laboratory (1884), the Zoologicum Bogoriense (1894) and a marine research laboratory (1904). In addition, he also had the garden expanded by 60 hectares (150 acres) in 1892. Under his leadership, fundamental research was successfully completed on diseases that threatened plants of economic importance, such as the coffee-leaf fungal disease and the sereh-disease on sugarcane plants. The garden enjoyed wide international attention and

1344-516: The colony came on equal footing with the Netherlands in the Dutch constitution, while remaining under the Ministry of Colonies. During the tenure of governors-general who were proponents of the ethical policy a people's council called the Volksraad for the Dutch East Indies was installed in 1918. The Volksraad , an infant form of democratic council, was limited to an advisory role and only

1400-470: The current building was built in 1914 to honor the botanist. The laboratory functions as a research facility for Puslitbang biologi's konservasi ex Situ (Conservation of species outside their original habitat). There are several branches of laboratories and facilities inside the building which is dedicated to different research as follows: Molecular Lab, Anatomy-Morphology Lab, Seed Conservation Lab, Ecological Conservation Lab and Greenhouses. Situated nearby

1456-480: The dry season. This makes the garden an advantageous location for the cultivation of tropical plants. Founded in 1817 by the order of the government of the Dutch East Indies , the garden thrived under the leadership of many renowned botanists including Johannes Elias Teijsmann , Rudolph Herman Christiaan Carel Scheffer , and Melchior Treub . Since its foundation, the Bogor botanical garden has served as

1512-465: The former governor general D. J. de Eerens , who was in office from 1836 to 1840. There are 42 gravestones with 38 identified persons, the oldest gravestone dates back to May 2, 1784. Situated behind the seed bank of the garden, an area devoted to Araceae species of flora was built in 2010. This garden consists mainly of types of Schismatoglottis, Homalomena, Colocasia and some types of vines as Philodendron, Raphidophora . Approximately 10 trees with

1568-457: The garden contains plants that are commonly used for medicine ingredients and herbalism. Plants are separated into different sections according to their size and species. Descriptions of each of the different plants and their purpose as medicine ingredients are written for visitors. A small patch of the botanical garden is dedicated to desert plants. There are roughly 100 species of cactus , agave , yucca and succulent plants from around Asia and

1624-464: The garden significantly expanded in 1852, with a 120 hectares (300 acres) new garden branch laid down near the mountainous town of Cibodas . In 1848 the garden received four seeds of West African oil palm , these trees were believed to be the mother tree in Southeast Asia from which numerous descendants were produced to support the growth of the palm oil industry in the region. However,

1680-446: The garden that were more than 100 years old were damaged. As a result, the garden was closed a week for replanting and repair. In 2009, an orchidarium was opened nearby the orchid house to celebrate the 192nd anniversary of the botanic gardens. In 2020, Bogor Botanical Garden alongside with other 3 major Indonesian botanical gardens (Cibodas, Purwodadi & Bali) went into Public-Private Partnership to operate public services within

1736-685: The garden, which would ultimately bring various benefits to pharmaceutical industries and agriculture development in Indonesia. Later in 1986, the National Biological Institute (LBN) was re-organised and split into the "Pusat Penelitian Biologi" ( Puslitbang Biologi ; Research and Development Centre for Biology ), with the garden as a separate body. On May 16, 2006, the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) celebrated its 189th anniversary in collaboration with

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1792-618: The garden. Seven years later Justus Carl Hasskarl was appointed as his assistant curator and convinced the director to re-arrange the plantings in the garden by taxonomic families. Hasskarl proposed starting a library, which opened in 1842 as the Bibliotheca Bogoriensis, and constructed a separate building for the Herbarium Bogoriense, which opened in 1844. J. Teijsmann wrote the second catalogue of plants which listed more than 2800 species by 1844. He also has

1848-540: The governor-general Herman Willem Daendels for hunting and sport. There are many sculptures of various origin decorating the palace garden, some of them are noteworthy: In 1856, along with the rebuilding of the Bogor Palace, the Dutch government built a hotel to serve as a guesthouse in Bogor Palace. The hotel was first named the Dibbets Hotel for the founder, J. Dibbets. The hotel was also once known as

1904-456: The governor-general . During the Dutch East Indies era the governor-general functioned as colonial chief executive, president of colonial government, as well as commander-in-chief of the colonial ( KNIL ) army. Until 1903 all government officials and organisations were formal agents of the governor-general and entirely dependent on the central administration of the office of the governor-general for their budgets. A governor-general represented

1960-511: The head of state, library, dining room, theater room, the ministers' waiting room, the Teratai room (the living room) and the Garuda room (the main reception hall). Two wing buildings are located east and west of the main building. The eastern wing is used as a guesthouse for foreign heads of state; during the colonial period this wing was used for the governor-general's personal guest. Meanwhile,

2016-404: The herbarium. These two men strove to protect the garden from Japanese soldiers who planned to have the trees from the garden cut down for war lumber supplies. Under the Japanese the garden was renamed Shokubutsuen (植物園; Botanical Garden). The Dutch returned to Indonesia after the Japanese surrendered and resumed management of the garden from 1945 to 1949. After Dutch recognition of Indonesia as

2072-544: The laboratory and main gate of the garden, the museum started as a small laboratory founded in August 1894 and was used as a research facility for pest/insect control. The museum has an area of 1500 meter square and contains preserved collection of 10,000 species of insects and 2000 species of other fauna. There are two guesthouses located in the Botanic Garden. Nusa Indah Guesthouse was built in 1914, located next to

2128-476: The largest orchid species in the world is also part of the collection. The specimens seen in the garden's collections are either the original specimens gathered from the forest, or progeny of those specimens which have been propagated. Although the orchid collection at the Bogor Botanic Garden began much earlier, it was not until 1927 that the collection was moved into greenhouses. Beginning in 1994,

2184-467: The last original mother plant died in 1933. The garden also played major role in the introduction of Cinchona trees to Java in 1854, which would ultimately make the island the largest producer of quinine bark for malaria treatment. Later J. Teijsmann had the Botanic Garden detached from the palace garden as an independent institution on May 30, 1868. The growth in economy and the effective directorship of Rudolph Scheffer and Melchior Treub , fueled

2240-490: The long history of the city of Bogor. 6°35′52.92″S 106°47′50.41″E  /  6.5980333°S 106.7973361°E  / -6.5980333; 106.7973361 Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies The governor-general of the Dutch East Indies ( Dutch : Gouverneur-generaal van Nederlands Indië ) represented Dutch rule in the Dutch East Indies between 1610 and Dutch recognition of

2296-411: The maturation of the garden as a leading regional center for biological study. In 1876 R. Scheffer, who was keen on agriculture development, founded the "economic garden" some distance from Buitenzorg. There he had culture crops such as coffee, rubber, tobacco, soy and rice, cultivated and experimented. In 1880, M. Treub became director of the garden and organized it into elaborate institutions. He founded

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2352-431: The new governor general Baron van der Capellen (1817–1826) added a small dome on the roof of the main building and founded the botanical garden next to the palace ground. However, in 1834, an earthquake triggered by the volcanic eruption of Mount Salak , heavily damaged the old palace of Buitenzorg. The ruined palace was then demolished and rebuilt into its present form in 1856— this time with only one storey instead of

2408-460: The original two, as a precaution against further earthquakes. From 1870 to 1942 the Istana Bogor served as the official residence of the Dutch governor general , however state affairs were still largely conducted in Batavia. Since its foundation, a total of 44 governors-general of the Dutch East Indies had resided in the palace. After the Indonesian independence, several feature of the palace

2464-406: The palace was looted by Japanese and Allied force during World War 2, leaving nothing but five mirrors in the palace. Other buildings in the palace include six pavilions: Paviliun Dyah Bayurini, Paviliun Jodipati, Paviliun Amarta, Paviliun Madukara, Paviliun Pringgondani , and Paviliun Dwarawati . Paviliun Dyah Bayurini was built in 1964 and is used by the head of state and his or her family during

2520-532: The palace, he had the garden re-landscaped into English-style garden . His wife, Olivia Mariamne Raffles , died in Buitenzorg on November 26, 1814, and was buried in Batavia . A memorial monument was built in the garden, as a commemoration for her. When the Anglo-Dutch Treaty came into effect, the Netherlands in 1816 sent a ship with officials to resume control of the colony. Among those on board

2576-483: The public that this hotel is indeed one of the heritages of the city of Bogor. Hotel Salak The Heritage is currently managed professionally, with 120 rooms, 12 meeting rooms, 3 restaurants, the Kinanty Music Café, a swimming pool, and other facilities. Hotel Salak The Heritage is still preserved by the government as one of the historical witnesses supporting the existence of the Bogor Palace in particular and

2632-522: The site of Istana Bogor was a mansion named Buitenzorg , meaning "without a care" in Dutch (also Sans Souci , meaning "without a care" in French), which dated back to 1745 as a country retreat for the Dutch governors to escape the heat and diseases of Batavia . The location for the new palace was discovered by Baron van Imhoff on 10 August 1744, in a village named Kampong Baroe . On the site he ordered

2688-446: The western wing has two main rooms: one is used as a guesthouse for ministers who accompany the main guest during a state visit, and the other is used as a conference room; during the colonial period this wing was used by the staff of the governor-general. The palace is decorated with an extensive art collection (448 paintings, 216 sculptures and 196 ceramics), 90% of which were accumulated by Sukarno. The original historic collection of

2744-620: Was directly appointed by the Dutch monarch, and in later years via the crown on advice of the Dutch metropolitan cabinet. During two periods (1815–1835 and 1854–1925) the governor-general ruled jointly with an advisory board called the Raad van Indie (Indies Council), which were jointly referred to as the high government . Overall colonial policy and strategy were the responsibility of the Ministry of Colonies based in The Hague , often headed by

2800-484: Was established as 's Lands Plantentuin ('National Botanical Garden'). He became its first director for five years and gathered plants and seeds of economic potential from all over the archipelago for cultivation. Much of his taxonomic work was catalogued by his successor Carl Ludwig Blume in 1823, who recorded 914 plants in the garden. In 1830, Johannes Elias Teijsmann , a Dutch botanist, became curator of Bogor Botanic Garden and spent more than 50 years developing

2856-556: Was intended for tropical-dry plants cultivation. However, before much could be done to develop the new garden, the Dutch East Indies would soon join World War II. In March 1942 the Japanese marched into Bogor and a year later took over the directorship of both the garden and the herbarium. Two Japanese botanists were appointed in charge of the botanic garden, Professor Takenoshin Nakai (中井猛之進) as director and Kanehira (兼平) as head of

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2912-456: Was laid out there to honor Princess Astrid of Belgium 's visit in 1928; the avenue was decorated with spectacular displays of canna lilies of various colors. A new branch of the garden was opened near the town of Pasuruan Regency in East Java , under the name Purwodadi Botanical Garden under the direction of the acting director Lourens Baas Becking on January 30, 1941. The new garden

2968-481: Was regularly visited by botanists and biologists from various countries to conduct research. This led to the opening of the new Treub's laboratory in 1914. A shortage of land occurred in 1927 due to the growing plants collection. Therefore, the garden was extended east of the Ciliwung river. Part of the new section was arranged in similar manner to the main garden, with the rest laid out as large lawns, avenues, ponds, teahouses and glasshouses for orchids. Astrid Avenue

3024-505: Was renovated in 1952. Major changes include an additional porch at the main entrance and connecting corridors for the main buildings to its wings. The palace became the main residence of President Sukarno , but was later neglected by Suharto when he came to office. The grounds of the estate contain several buildings, the largest are the Gedung Induk (main palace) and its two wings. The main palace building contains private offices for

3080-517: Was the German-born botanist Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt , who was appointed as head of agriculture, arts and science of the colony. A year later he proposed the establishment of a botanical garden, a move which was supported by Governor-General Van der Capellen . The garden was officially founded on May 18, 1817, next to the palace grounds through a collaboration with two botanists, William Kent from Holland and James Hooper from Kew . The garden

3136-453: Was the nominal governor-general, the area was under Japanese control, and was governed by a two sequence of governors, in Java and Sumatra. After 1948 in negotiations for independence, the equivalent position was named high commissioner of the crown in the Dutch East Indies . Since the VOC era, the highest Dutch authority in the colonial possessions of the East Indies resided with the office of

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