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25-839: First mentioned in 1075, in a papal bull by Pope Gregory VII , its name derives from Bulgari ( Italian for " Bulgarians "), due to the presence of a military camp of Bulgarians, allies of the Lombards . Bolgheri lies in the foothills of the Colline Metallifere , south of Bibbona (6 km [3.7 mi] north). It is 10 km (6.2 mi) from Casale Marittimo , 11 km (6.8 mi) from Donoratico , 12 km (7.5 mi) from Castagneto Carducci, 15 km (9.3 mi) from Cecina , 42 km (26 mi) from Piombino and 50 km (31 mi) from Livorno . Bolgheri became an internationally known region following an event in 1974 arranged by Decanter where

50-467: A pope of the Catholic Church . It is named after the leaden seal ( bulla ) traditionally appended to authenticate it. Papal bulls have been in use at least since the 6th century, but the phrase was not used until around the end of the 13th century, and then only internally for unofficial administrative purposes. However, it had become official by the 15th century, when one of the offices of

75-418: A 6-year-old Sassicaia won over an assortment of Bordeaux wines . Prior to this, Bolgheri had been relatively anonymous producers of ordinary white wines and rosés . Due to the particular characteristics of the soil and micro climate sunny, dry and moderately windy, the grape varieties of Bordeaux origin tend to thrive, such as Cabernet Sauvignon , Merlot , Cabernet Franc and Petit Verdot . Among

100-501: A degree of 70%, and in excess of this a wine must be classified IGT . Cabernet Sauvignon from 10 to 80%, Merlot, up to 80% and other local red varieties, up to 30%. Rosso must be aged for 24 months. For Bolgheri Bianco, Tuscan Trebbiano from 10 to 70%, Vermentino from 10 to 70%, Sauvignon blanc from 10 to 70% and other local white varieties, up to 30%. Two varietal wines are permitted, Sauvignon blanc and Vermentino, of which there must be at least 85% of either grape variety. For

125-557: A heraldic device of the Farnese family, from which Pope Paul III descended. Since the late 18th century, the lead bulla has been replaced with a red ink stamp of Saints Peter and Paul with the reigning pope's name encircling the picture, though very formal letters, e.g. the bull of Pope John XXIII convoking the Second Vatican Council , still receive the leaden seal. Original papal bulls exist in quantity only after

150-540: A minor train station on the Genoa– Pisa–Rome line , located 7 km (4.3 mi) away and next to Marina di Bibbona . It is 10 km (6.2 mi) north of the exit " Donoratico - Castagneto ", of the state highway SS1 "Aurelia", a dual carriageway connecting the two sections of the A12 motorway Genoa - Rome . Papal bull A papal bull is a type of public decree, letters patent , or charter issued by

175-495: A short " datum " that mentioned the place of issuance, day of the month and year of the pope's pontificate on which issued, and signatures, near which was attached the seal. For the most solemn bulls, the pope signed the document himself, in which case he used the formula " Ego N. Catholicae Ecclesiae Episcopus " ("I, N., Bishop of the Catholic Church"). Following the signature in this case would be an elaborate monogram ,

200-432: A shorter beard made of dome-shaped globetti (beads in relief). Each head was surrounded by a circle of globetti , and the rim of the seal was surrounded by an additional ring of such beads, while the heads themselves were separated by a depiction of a cross. On the reverse was the name of the issuing pope in the nominative Latin form, with the letters "PP", for Pastor Pastorum ("Shepherd of Shepherds"). This disc

225-457: A speed limit of 110 km/h (68 mph) exists between San Pietro in Palazzi and Grosseto , but the present road between Grosseto and Tarquinia has 90 km/h (56 mph) speed limit, with long parts of single carriageway and even some parts of 2-lane road. The 2 proposed solutions are an entirely new motorway (with higher impact on the environment), and the upgrade to motorway standard of

250-568: Is housed in a two-story building (dating back to the 1500s), exploring the history of wine and food from the region and featuring a wine tasting area. The current set of DOC regulations for Bolgheri red wines became approved in 1994. Before the creation of this DOC, the "Super Tuscans" from the area were typically sold under the simpler designations Vino da tavola or IGT Toscana. The appellation rules determine that in Bolgheri Rosso and Bolgheri Rosé, Sangiovese may be utilised only to

275-487: The Apostolic Chancery was named the "register of bulls" (" registrum bullarum "). By the accession of Pope Leo IX in 1048, a clear distinction developed between two classes of bulls of greater and less solemnity. The majority of the "great bulls" now in existence are in the nature of confirmations of property or charters of protection accorded to monasteries and religious institutions. In an era when there

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300-466: The obverse it depicted, originally somewhat crudely, the early Fathers of the Church of Rome , the apostles Saint Peter and Saint Paul , identified by the letters S anctus PA ulus and S anctus PE trus (thus, SPA •SPE or SPASPE ). St. Paul, on the left, was shown with flowing hair and a long pointed beard composed of curved lines, while St. Peter, on the right, was shown with curly hair and

325-573: The regions of Liguria , Tuscany and Lazio composed of two unconnected parts. The first one connects Genoa and San Pietro in Palazzi , the second connects Tarquinia and Rome . The road is one of the motorways on the Italian west coast. It is a part of the E80 European route. Plans to build the remaining stretch have existed for long time. A " superstrada " (an almost motorway-like road, with 2 separate carriageways and interchanges) with

350-558: The 11th century onward, when the transition from fragile papyrus to the more durable parchment was made. None survives in entirety from before 819. Some original lead bullae , however, still survive from as early as the 6th century. In terms of content, the bull is simply the format in which a decree of the pope appears. Any subject may be treated in a bull, and many were and are, including statutory decrees, episcopal appointments, dispensations , excommunications , apostolic constitutions , canonizations , and convocations . The bull

375-488: The Florentine engraver Benvenuto Cellini was paid 50 scudi to recreate the metal matrix which would be used to impress the lead bullae of Pope Paul III . Cellini retained definitive iconographic items like the faces of the two apostles, but he carved them with a much greater attention to detail and artistic sensibility than had previously been in evidence. On the reverse of the seal he added several fleurs-de-lis ,

400-464: The appellation's pink Vin Santo , Occhio di Pernice, 50 to 70% Sangiovese, Malvasia from 50 to 70%, and up to 30% of other local red varieties. It must be aged for 36 months. The sub-zone Sassicaia has its own appellation declaration, with up to 85% of Cabernet Sauvignon and 15% Cabernet Franc. Bolgheri Sassicaia must be aged for 26 months. It is expected to be upgraded to DOCG status. Bolgheri counts

425-631: The bull is the only written communication in which the pope will refer to himself as " Episcopus Servus Servorum Dei " ("Bishop, Servant of the Servants of God"). While papal bulls always used to bear a metal seal, they now do so only on the most solemn occasions. A papal bull is today the most formal type of public decree or letters patent issued by the Vatican Chancery in the name of the pope. A bull's format formerly began with one line in tall, elongated letters containing three elements:

450-410: The eleventh century, after which it was rapidly superseded by a rough kind of parchment . Modern scholars have retroactively used the word "bull" to describe any elaborate papal document issued in the form of a decree or privilege , solemn or simple, and to some less elaborate ones issued in the form of a letter. Popularly, the name is used for any papal document that contains a metal seal. Today,

475-410: The heads of the apostles Saint Peter and Saint Paul on one side and the pope's name on the other. Papal bulls were originally issued by the pope for many kinds of communication of a public nature, but by the 13th century, papal bulls were only used for the most formal or solemn of occasions. Papyrus seems to have been used almost uniformly as the material for these documents until the early years of

500-598: The most known "Super Tuscan" producers are Tenuta San Guido who produce Sassicaia, Tenuta Dell'Ornellaia who produce Ornellaia , Ca'Marcanda of Gaja , Guado al Tasso of Antinori , and newcomers like I Greppi who produce Greppicaia. In 2017, in Bolgheri opened The World Wine Town of Castagneto Carducci – a wine center, created by entrepreneur Franco Malenotti and designed by the Oscar-winning art director Dante Ferretti. The Sensory and Multimedia Museum in Bolgheri

525-439: The pope's name, the papal title " Episcopus Servus Servorum Dei " ("Bishop, Servant of the Servants of God "), and its incipit , i.e., the first few Latin words from which the bull took its title for record-keeping purposes, but which might not be directly indicative of the bull's purpose. The body of the text was often very simple in layout, and it had no specific conventions for its formatting. The closing section consisted of

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550-585: The signatures of any witnesses, and then the seal. In modern times, a member of the Roman Curia signs the document on behalf of the pope, usually the Cardinal Secretary of State , and thus the monogram is omitted. The most distinctive characteristic of a bull was the metal seal ( bulla ), which was usually made of lead , but on very solemn occasions was made of gold , as those on Byzantine imperial instruments often were (see Golden Bull ). On

575-399: Was much fabrication of such documents, those who procured bulls from Rome wished to ensure that the authenticity of their bull was above suspicion. A papal confirmation, under certain conditions, could be pleaded as itself constituting sufficient evidence of title in cases where the original deed had been lost or destroyed. Since the 12th century, papal bulls have carried a leaden seal with

600-699: Was the exclusive letter format from the Vatican until the 14th century, when the papal brief appeared. The brief is the less formal form of papal communication and was authenticated with a wax impression, now a red ink impression, of the Ring of the Fisherman . Autostrada A12 (Italy) The Autostrada A12 or Autostrada Azzurra ('blue motorway') is an autostrada ( Italian for ' motorway ') 275.4 kilometres (171.1 mi) long in Italy located in

625-508: Was then attached to the document either by cords of hemp , in the case of letters of justice and executory letters, or by red and yellow silk , in the case of letters of grace, that was looped through slits in the vellum of the document. The term " bulla " derives from the Latin " bullire " ("to boil"), and alludes to the fact that, whether of wax, lead, or gold, the material making the seal had to be melted to soften it for impression. In 1535,

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