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19-766: The Bolshaya is the largest river on the west of the Kamchatka Peninsula. It rises in the southern end of the Eastern Range (Ganal Range), as does the river Kamchatka , which flows to the east. The sources of the Bolshaya are in the Ganalsky Range. The upper part is called the Bystraya . This is joined from the left by the Plotnikova at 58 kilometres (36 mi) from the river mouth to form

38-544: Is a mountain range on the Kamchatka Peninsula , Kamchatka Krai , Russian Far East . It is a complex range, mainly consisting of volcanic peaks. Together with the Middle Range , it is one of the two main mountain systems of the peninsula. The Eastern Range stretches roughly from NNE to SSW for 600 kilometres (370 mi) along the eastern part of the peninsula between the southern Karaginsky Gulf at

57-586: Is the settlement of Bolsheryetsk. The settlement has telegraphic communication with Petropavlovsk . Two other rivers, the Amshigacha and the Ozernaya Srednaya also enter the inlet. The village of Malka is on left bank of the upper part of the river. The first use of the name Malka is by the French traveler Barthélemy de Lesseps in 1787. He said it had five or six huts and 15 sheds, on the bank of

76-860: The Gamchen Range , highest point 2,576 metres (8,451 ft), as part of the Eastern Range. The first is located to the west of the Kumroch Range and the other to the east of the Tumrok Range. The Eastern Kamchatka zone of recent and ongoing volcanic eruptions is around the area where the Valagin and the Tumrok ranges meet, with a number of active volcanoes, such as the Kizimen, Shiveluch , and Karymskaya Sopka . The lower parts of

95-405: The Bolshaya 160 kilometres (99 mi) from the sea. In years with large runs, they go further upstream than in years when the runs are smaller. Most of the 320,000 inhabitants of the Kamchatka Peninsula live in the south, near to the Bolshaya. The river has provided a vital source of food and work for many local communities. In addition to commercial fishing, amateur fishing is also widespread. In

114-482: The Bolshaya. The Plotnikova is 134 kilometres (83 mi) long, with a catchment area of 4,450 square kilometres (1,720 sq mi). There are many other tributaries, including the Nachilova and Goltsovka. The basin has more than one thousand lakes. There are mineral springs in the basin, including the notable Malkinskoye deposit. The mountains of the upper basin have exposed crystalline rocks, while lower down,

133-586: The Bystraya, surrounded by high mountains, with a hot spring nearby. The village of Bolsheretsk was located near the point where the Reka Bolshaya and Reka Bystraya converge, about 10 miles (16 km) upstream of Ust-Bolsheretsk . In the late 1920s, the people of that village on the islands decided to relocate to a more convenient location on the Kavalerskaya channel six miles down the river. In

152-526: The coast, where it turns and flows in a south-southeast direction for about 10 miles (16 km) along the east side of a narrow sand and gravel spit before emptying into the Sea of Okhotsk at the end of the spit. An 1870 account said that it received the river Apatcha above the town of Bolsheretsk and then ran for 20 miles (32 km) to the Sea of Okhotsk. Large boats could navigate the river to within eight miles of

171-681: The decades leading up to 2010, there have been high levels of blatantly illegal fishing , uncontrolled by the corrupt law enforcement and fishery agencies, and threatening the fish stocks. In 2011, a public salmon council was created in Ust-Bolsheretsky District to protect the salmon of the lower Bolshaya basin, and in 2013, a second council was created to protect the upper part of the basin. These councils have been active in combating poaching and restoring sustainable fishing practices. Eastern Range (Kamchatka) Eastern Range ( Russian : Восточный хребет , Vostochny Hrebet )

190-484: The end of the 17th century, and the first map of the region was based on their accounts. The Cossack geographer Semyon Remezov mentioned the river at the start of the 18th century, calling it "Kiksha". This is probably close to the original Itelmen language name, from the word “kyg”, which means “river”. “Reka Bolshaya” means “Big River” in Russian. The name Bolshaya was given in the 18th century to distinguish it from

209-465: The land is mostly covered in peat. The banks are lined with typical Kamchatka forest, with birch and dwarf cedar . The river is 1–3 metres (3 ft 3 in – 9 ft 10 in) deep and up to 100 metres (330 ft) wide. It forms the Bolshaya Lake at its mouth. At its mouth the Bolshaya is more than 0.5 miles (0.80 km) wide. It flows in a generally-southwesterly direction to

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228-466: The local people before the Russians arrived so that the fish would follow a route that made them easier to catch. There were a number of shipwrecks at the mouth of the river in the 18th century, including the galliot Okhotsk and the flotilla of three ships commanded by Lieutenant V. Khmetevsky. In the summer, pink salmon , chinook salmon , coho salmon , sockeye salmon , and arctic char spawn in

247-529: The northern end and Avacha Bay at the southern. The highest point is Klyuchevskaya Sopka , a 4,754 metres (15,597 ft)-high stratovolcano . The range is made up of a number of separate ranges having steep western slopes and more gentle eastern ones. The central Kamchatka Depression, with the valley of the Kamchatka River , separates the Eastern Range from the Middle Range of the peninsula to

266-402: The other, smaller rivers in the region. The estuary was used as a sanctuary by sailors, who would enter at high tide. When the tide fell, the boats would rest on their sides, but the soft bottom saved them from damage. The German geologist and traveler Karl von Dietmar , who visited the region in the middle of the 19th century, noted that the mouth of the river had been relocated to the north by

285-456: The river. Historically, the Bolshaya has been one of the world's most productive wild salmon rivers, with diverse salmon species. It is one of the main chum salmon rivers in west Kamchatka, along with the Icha and Kikhchik rivers. These three rivers are also the main coho streams in the region. Chum salmon migrate in the Bolshaya at about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) per day. Pink salmon spawn in

304-419: The slopes of the Eastern Range are covered in birch and fir forests and dwarf cedar shrub, as well as rhododendron . Galliot A galiot , galliot or galiote , was a small galley boat propelled by sail or oars. There are three different types of naval galiots that sailed on different seas. A galiote was a type of French flat-bottom river boat or barge and also a flat-bottomed boat with

323-464: The spring of 1928, there were already three houses on the Kavalerskaya channel, and two more were under construction. The new village was formed by 1930. Until 1990, it was called the Bolsheretsky state farm ( Russian : Большерецкий совхоз ) after its location on the right bank of the Bolshaya. In 1990 it was renamed Kavalerskoye . Russian explorers led by Vladimir Atlasov reached the river at

342-552: The town. According to the United States Hydrographic Office (1932): This river is the largest on the west coast of Kamchatka. It forms a narrow inlet, separated from the sea by a narrow strip of sand and gravel, 13 miles long; the river mouth is near the southern end of the inlet. At 27 miles from the entrance the river is joined by its large tributary, the Bistraya River, and at the junction

361-630: The west. The main part of the Eastern Range is part of the East Kamchatka Anticline dating back to the Cenozoic orogeny , composed of Upper Cretaceous sediments and volcanic rocks , such as basalt and tuff . The system of the Eastern Range comprises a number of subranges, including the following: Some geographic works include the Kluchevskaya group of volcanoes, highest point 4,750 metres (15,580 ft), as well as

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