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81-576: The park was established April 30, 1996 under the Kamloops Land and Resource Management Plan (LRMP) through the Environment and Land Use Act. First Nations use of the land is not well known. More recently it had been used as a ranchland by settlers and for fly-in tourism. Prior to the development of the park a moratoria had been placed on timber harvesting in the area in 1974. The park has many small hills formed by lava flow. This has led to

162-476: A Quinault man with familial ties to Vancouver Island , Joseachal , was hired to serve as a translator. While at Clayoquot Sound off Vancouver Island, Thorn became frustrated with the prices set by the local Tla-o-qui-aht people there. He reportedly took an animal pelt and struck the elder appointed as the primary negotiator. This greatly offended the Tla-o-qui-aht, and while Joseachal advised Thorn of

243-474: A four pounder !" Black renamed the post Fort George in honor of King George III . Scholars have affirmed that the American company and its "economic success depended on mutually beneficial economic exchanges with Indian groups... who controlled trade." Many of the settlements near the station were under the influence of headman Comcomly . Consistently small stockpiles of foodstuffs at Fort Astoria created

324-720: A "joint occupancy" of the Pacific Northwest between the United Kingdom and the United States. This accord allowed for subjects from either nation to travel to the distant region without hindrance. In 1846, the post finally became United States territory as one of the terms of the Oregon Treaty , which ended the Oregon boundary dispute . In the treaty, Great Britain ceded its territorial rights south of

405-699: A 1911–1914 demolition that dismantled the Chinatown. Peter Wing , the first ethnic Chinese mayor in North America, was elected in 1966 and served three terms as the Mayor of Kamloops. In the 1880s the Kamloops' Chinese Cemetery was founded in Kamloops, the only one in the province dedicated to Chinese pioneers, It is one of the largest cemeteries in the province, but the last interment was made there in

486-483: A 9% increase from 2015 (1.64 million). Tourism's economic ROI is immense. A$ 1.8 million destination marketing budget returned $ 449 million in economic benefit in 2017.The annual Direct Visitor Expenditure is estimated at $ 270 million, a 19% increase from 2015 ($ 227 million). Further, the total estimated tourism economic impact was $ 449 million in 2017, a 32.4% increase from 2015 ($ 339 million). Tourism generates many types of income for

567-483: A change of 8.4% from its 2016 population of 90,280. With a land area of 297.93 km (115.03 sq mi), it had a population density of 328.6/km (851.1/sq mi) in 2021. At the census metropolitan area (CMA) level in the 2021 census, the Kamloops CMA had a population of 114,142 living in 47,102 of its 50,235 total private dwellings, a change of 10% from its 2016 population of 103,811 . With

648-642: A conciliatory policy. In a letter to Charles Bagot on 4 February 1818, Castlereagh stated that "whilst the Government is not disposed to contest with the American govt't the point of possession as it stood in the Columbia River at the moment of the rupture, they are not prepared to admit the validity of the title of the Govt of the United States to this Settlement." Ultimately the Treaty of 1818 established

729-614: A further 26 Hawaiian Kanakas were transported to bolster the company workforce. From there the Beaver took the stockpiled animal pelts at Astoria on board and sailed for New Archangel . An agreement with the Russian American Governor , Alexander Andreyevich Baranov , was made for the exchange of foodstuffs and trade goods in return for Russian furs. From there Beaver sailed to the Chinese port of Guangzhou to sell

810-516: A land area of 5,654.08 km (2,183.05 sq mi), it had a population density of 20.2/km (52.3/sq mi) in 2021. According to the 2021 census , religious groups in Kamloops included: Religion in the City of Kamloops (2021) Kamloops historically had a Chinatown on Victoria Street where most ethnic Chinese lived. John Stewart of the Kamloops Museum and Archives stated it

891-567: A more familiar diet. Terrestrial animals like members of the family Cervidae such as Roosevelt elk and black-tailed deer were not found in large numbers around Fort Astoria. This made them another important source of trade for the Chinookans when visiting the PFC station. Another frequent item sold was the wapato root , with the volume consumed by the Astorians large enough to necessitate

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972-524: A range of cultural events year-round including: Fort Astoria Fort Astoria (also named Fort George ) was the primary fur trading post of John Jacob Astor 's Pacific Fur Company (PFC). A maritime contingent of PFC staff was sent on board the Tonquin , while another party traveled overland from St. Louis . This land based group later became known as the Astor Expedition . Built at

1053-560: A reoccupation of Fort George by the HBC was ordered in 1829. The post was placed at the forefront of competition between the British and American fur traders. While the post was gradually rebuilt, the dilapidated condition and extensive repairs required forced the sole clerk to live in a tent during the winter. The residency of the HBC trader was made to be 20 feet (6.1 m) wide by 60 feet (18 m) long. Along with two minor buildings, there

1134-647: A traders' camp by a pack of wolves. Other legendary versions recount a huge white wolf, or a pack of wolves and other animals, that were moving overland from the Nicola Country and were repelled by a single shot by John Tod, then Chief Trader. This prevented the wolves from attacking the fort and earned Tod a great degree of respect locally. Kamloops is in the Thompson Valley and the Montane Cordillera Ecozone. The city's centre

1215-400: Is 36, above 35 °C (95 °F) is 8 days. Although Kamloops is above 50° north latitude , growing seasons are long, with hot periods every summer under dry and sunny weather. Daytime humidity often drops below 20% during dry periods, which allows for substantial nighttime cooling. Occasional summer thunderstorms can create dry-lightning conditions, sometimes igniting forest fires which

1296-733: Is a city in south-central British Columbia , Canada, at the confluence of the North and South Thompson Rivers , which join to become the Thompson River in Kamloops, and east of Kamloops Lake . It is located in the Thompson-Nicola Regional District , whose district offices are based here. The surrounding region is sometimes referred to as the Thompson Country . The city was incorporated in 1893 with about 500 residents. The Canadian Pacific Railway

1377-513: Is in the valley near the confluence of the Thompson River's north and south branches. Suburbs stretch for more than a dozen kilometres along the north and south branches, as well as to the steep hillsides along the south portion of the city and lower northeast hillsides. Robert W. Service in 1904 described Kamloops as his delightful life and wrote "Life was pleasant, and the work was light. At four o'clock we were on our horses, riding over

1458-592: Is the anglicized version of the Shuswap word " Tk'əmlúps ", meaning "meeting of the waters". Shuswap is still spoken in the area by members of the Tk'emlúps Indian Band. An alternate origin sometimes given for the name may have come from the native name's accidental similarity to the French " Camp des loups ", meaning "Camp of Wolves"; many early fur traders were ethnic French. There are folk stories about an attack on

1539-524: The Pacific Coast . Notably Astor was able to recruit several NWC partners and employees into the PFC, including Donald McKenzie , Alexander MacKay , and Duncan McDougall . To create these new fur trade locations, Astor planned to send detachments of laborers and officers both overland on a route similar to one taken by the Lewis and Clark Expedition and on merchant vessels that rounded Cape Horn for

1620-657: The Rockies and Columbia Mountains into the Interior . Kamloops has the third mildest winter of any non-coastal city in Canada, after Penticton and Kelowna . The coldest months are December and January, when the mean temperatures are −2.0 °C (28 °F) and −2.7 °C (27 °F). That average sharply increases with an average maximum temperature of 3.9 °C (39 °F) in February. Between November and January

1701-627: The Tournament Capital of Canada . It hosts more than 100 sporting tournaments each year (hockey, baseball, curling, etc) at sports facilities such as the Tournament Capital Centre , Kamloops Bike Ranch, and Tournament Capital Ranch. Logging, beef cattle, vegetable farming, transportation, viticulture, health care, tourism, and education are major contributing industries to the regional economy and have grown in recent years. Thompson Rivers University (~25,000 students)

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1782-631: The two-spirit Kaúxuma Núpika (known in English as Man-like Woman or Bowdash , which is derived from the Chinook Jargon burdash ) and their wife, both of the Kootenai from the far interior. PFC management suspected the two of being spies for the NWC, but at the same time welcomed their detailed geographical knowledge. A NWC employee, David Thompson , arrived about a month later after navigating

1863-820: The 1860s and the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway , which reached Kamloops from the West in 1885, brought further growth. The City of Kamloops was incorporated in 1893 with a population of about 500. In 1908 due to the Tuberculosis Pandemic a sanatorium was opened west of the city named King Edward Memorial Sanatorium, the sanatorium was later acquired by the provincial government in 1921, being renamed to Tranquille Sanatorium , it later closed in 1958. The Tranquille Institution reopened in 1959 to treat people with mental problems it later closed in 1983. In 1967, Kamloops amalgamated with

1944-503: The 1960s. In 2013 the provincial government announced it would begin a consultation process to discuss wording of a formal apology to Chinese in B.C. for past wrongs. Joe Leong, president of the Kamloops Chinese Cultural Association, said he believed that the province should build a museum to honour Chinese history in the province, as a way to recognize the contributions of the people. As Kamloops had

2025-468: The Astorians that "they are not friendly disposed towards us..." having "a desire to harm us." According to Jones, this "latent distrust" of Chinookans by Astorians from this incident was probably unfounded, as they entered the post "for an innocent purpose" and were frightened by the drills. Acting on the orders of Astor, Thorn and Tonquin departed for Russian America in June 1811. At Destruction Island

2106-691: The Columbia necessitated the reopening of Fort George by the HBC. Competition for control of Fort Astoria was a factor in the British and the Americans' resolving their disputed claims to the Oregon Country . The Fort Astoria Site was added to the list of National Historic Landmarks on November 5, 1961. It is marked by a reconstructed block house. John Jacob Astor was a German American merchant who over several decades financed several successful mercantile missions to Qing China . He promoted

2187-685: The Columbia. The Tonquin was used to carry a detachment of employees to the Pacific under the command of Captain Jonathan Thorn . After several days were spent surveying the mouth of the Columbia River, 33 men disembarked on 12 April 1811. Among the PFC men were eleven Kanaka laborers from the Hawaiian Kingdom , including Naukane (also known as John Coxe). Notable among the early staff of Fort Astoria were two Scottish emigrants to Canada, Alexander MacKay, who had previously been with

2268-663: The Indians". In October a newspaper in Victoria reported an eyewitness account from Fort Kamloops, saying The Indians have been nearly exterminated at [Kamloops]: only sixteen have escaped out of a large settlement. Their bodies are strewing the ground in all directions. About two-thirds of the Secwepemc died during the epidemic. In the aftermath, colonists took over traditional lands of the Secwepemc and many other indigenous groups throughout British Columbia. The gold rush of

2349-560: The June 1811 Tonquin disaster (aside a single Indigenous interpreter survivor). New Kanaka passengers had also been added during the stopover on the Sandwich Islands and similarly, some did not winter over. One Kanaka was exchanged for an experienced voyageur that came with David Thompson during the summer before he returned. Two additions came during fall 1811 following an expedition to establish Fort Okanogan . Some members of that expedition did return by January 1812 along with

2430-572: The Kamloops area during the summer of that year, decimating the Secwepemc, Nlaka'pamux, and other indigenous peoples. They had no acquired immunity. The epidemic had started in Victoria and quickly spread throughout British Columbia, especially among First Nations. In June 1862, indigenous people went to Fort Kamloops seeking smallpox vaccine , William Manson, chief clerk at the fort, vaccinated numerous persons, but fatalities were extremely high. In late September he reported "smallpox still raging amongst

2511-657: The Kamloops area include primary resource processing such as Domtar Kamloops Pulp Mill, Tolko-Heffley Creek Plywood and Veneer, New Gold Inc - New Afton Mine, and Highland Valley Copper Mine (in Logan Lake ). Four major highways join in Kamloops, the BC Highway 1 ( Trans-Canada Highway ), the Coquihalla Highway ( BC highway 5 south of the city), the Yellowhead Highway (BC Highway 5 north of

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2592-474: The NWC held a one-third partnership with Astor's Pacific Fur Company . He carried a letter to the effect. The Astorians knew that the deal had fallen through but dealt with Thompson as if the deal were still on. The journals of Thompson and the Astorians are silent on the matter, yet both parties took steps to mislead or thwart the other, while at the same time remaining on friendly terms. It is likely that in this remote region, neither party knew for certain whether

2673-612: The North West Company was merged into the Hudson's Bay Company , which took ownership of the fort. Fort George continued to function the primary entrepôt of the Columbia Department until 1825. During a tour of the newly acquired assets on the Pacific shore, Governor George Simpson spent the winter of 1824 at Fort George. He found the station inappropriate both as a fur post and a regional depot. Simpson ordered

2754-408: The North West Company, and Alexander Ross . By the end of May 1811, company employees built Fort Astoria out of bark-covered logs that enclosed a stockade and guns mounted for defense. Ross recalled that in almost two months, "scarcely yet an acre of ground cleared" due to the many initial difficulties the PFC employees faced in establishing Fort Astoria: The place thus selected for the emporium of

2835-482: The PFC assets being executed on 23 October. HMS  Racoon , a British sloop-of-war , visited Fort Astoria on 12 December 1813, previously instructed to claim the station as a British possession. Its captain William Black found the trading station far from militarily imposing, reportedly exclaiming "Is this the fort about which I have heard so much talking? Damn me, but I'd batter it down in two hours with

2916-408: The PFC laborers had constructed a trading store, a blacksmith 's shop, a house, and a storage shed for pelts acquired from trapping or trading with the local Native Americans. The traders arranged cannons around the perimeter for defense. The post was to serve as an administrative center for various PFC satellite forts such as Fort Okanogan . On June 15, 1811, two unusual native visitors arrived:

2997-566: The Southern Interior with 239 acute beds and an additional 20 more beds upon completion of the expansion in 2016. Thompson Rivers University (TRU) serves a student body of 25,754 including a diverse international contingent mainly from Asian countries. Thompson Rivers University, Open Learning (TRU-OL) is the biggest distance education provider in British Columbia and one of the biggest in Canada. Heavy industries in

3078-716: The Town of North Kamloops . In 1973, Kamloops amalgamated with the Districts of Brocklehurst , Dufferin, the Town of Valleyview , and the Kamloops Indian Band , and the communities of Dallas, Campbell Creek, Barnhart Vale, Heffley Creek, Rayleigh, Westsyde and Knutsford. In 1976, the Kamloops Indian Band split from the City of Kamloops. In May 2021, an anthropologist announced she had used ground-penetrating radar to find "probable" graves containing

3159-492: The area experiences abundant cloud cover due to a continual series of Pacific coastal Low Pressure systems crossing British Columbia, reducing the annual sunshine output, despite very sunny summers. The average number of days where the minimum temperatures drops below −10 °C (14 °F) per year is 19 as recorded by Environment Canada .The average number of days where the Maximum temperature goes above 30 °C (86 °F)

3240-867: The area is prone to. Kamloops lies in the rain shadow leeward of the Coast Mountains and is biogeographically connected to similar semi-desert areas in the Okanagan region, and a much larger area covering the central/eastern portions of Washington , Oregon and intermontane areas of Nevada , Utah and Idaho in the US. These areas of relatively similar climate have many distinctive native plants and animals in common, such as ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa ), big sagebrush ( Artemisia tridentata ), prickly pear cactus ( Opuntia fragilis in this case), rattlesnakes , black widow spiders and Lewis's woodpecker . The highest temperature ever recorded in Kamloops

3321-416: The band lands before re-entering the city limits to access the northernmost communities of Rayleigh and Heffley Creek . Kamloops is surrounded by the smaller communities of Cherry Creek, Pritchard , Savona , Scotch Creek , Adams Lake , Chase , Paul Lake, Pinantan and various others. Officially recognized neighbourhoods within the city of Kamloops. Informally recognized sub-areas are listed beneath

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3402-510: The ceremony of formally transferring national possession, actual ownership by the NWC went on as before, and no actual American presence was established aside from the symbolic repossession. The negotiations that would formally end the War of 1812 briefly touched upon the topic of Fort Astoria/George. The American government exerted pressure for the return of the station from British subjects. British Foreign Secretary Viscount Castlereagh determined

3483-562: The city) and BC Highway 97 , making it a transportation hub and a place which attracts business. There are over 50 trucking and transport companies located in Kamloops that ship across Canada and into the United States. Both the Canadian Pacific Railway and the Canadian National Railway service Kamloops with both lines running through the city. Kamloops welcomed 1.8 million visitors in 2017,

3564-430: The creation of a small cellar made specifically to house the produce. Other typical purchases from Chinookans included manufactured goods. In particular woven hats were frequently bought for protection against the seasonal rains These hats were tightly interwoven, making them essentially waterproof. Fort George soon became the center of NWC operations along the Columbia River, becoming "a Fort William in miniature." At

3645-405: The danger, the captain refused to immediately depart. Eventually a brisk trade commenced with the locals who had remained on board, with the pelts being sold primarily for American blades. Soon after receiving the weapons the Tla-o-qui-aht attacked and in the ensuing conflict Tonquin was destroyed. Josechal was the sole survivor and later returned to Fort Astoria to inform McDougall of the fate of

3726-481: The entire length of the Columbia River. Thompson knew the Kootenai couple and told the Astorians about Kaúxuma Núpika and their unusual life. Both the Astorians and Thompson's party ended up protecting the life of Kaúxuma Núpika, whose prophecies of smallpox among the local natives put his life at risk. Thompson, who for months had been out of touch with the evolving politics between the fur companies, believed that

3807-684: The entrance of the Columbia River in 1811, Fort Astoria was the first American-owned settlement on the Pacific coast of North America . The inhabitants of the fort differed greatly in background and position, and were structured into a corporate hierarchy. The fur trading partners of the company were at the top, with clerks, craftsmen, hunters, and laborers in descending order. Nationalities included Americans, Scots, French Canadian voyageurs , Native Hawaiian Kanakas , and various indigenous North Americans , including Iroquois and others from Eastern Canada. They found life quite monotonous, with

3888-602: The establishment of a new post and depot further in the interior along the Columbia River. A suitable prairie was selected by the Governor as having much more for agricultural projects. Besides his intention for this new post to supply foodstuffs for company stations in the Pacific Northwest, Simpson determined to relocate the Columbia Department administrative apparatus there as well. This new station

3969-670: The first arrivals of the Wilson Price Hunt overland expedition. The first "Astorians" to operate the fort during the first winter of 1811–1812 were: Although based in Fort Astoria, Ross, de Montigny, Roussel, and Lafantaisie all wintered over around new Fort Okanogan . Robert Stuart, Pillet, McGillis, and Bruguier wintered around the Willamette River. Astor sent Beaver to resupply the fort which arrived in 1812. Besides additional American and British subjects,

4050-596: The fish and vegetable diet boring. Venereal diseases were problematic. Types of fur taken in trade at the fort included beaver , sea otter , squirrel , and red fox . The onset of the War of 1812 caused the PFC to fold as it was too isolated to expect any military protection or support from the United States . The Montreal -based North West Company (NWC) bought out the assets of the PFC in 1813, including Fort Astoria. They renamed it Fort George and utilized it as

4131-407: The fort agreed to sell the PFC trading stations to the British-owned NWC, "unless the necessary support and supplies arrive with advice from John Jacob Astor of New York, or the Stockholders to continue the trade, the same shall be abandoned as impracticable, as well as unprofitable." NWC staff arrived at the coast after running low on food supplies in the Interior on 7 October, with the liquidation of

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4212-478: The furs for highly valuable Chinese manufactured goods. Due to then ongoing War of 1812 , Beaver remained at Guangzhou until the resolution of the conflict and only reached New York City in 1816. The War of 1812 between the British and Americans brought tension to Fort Astoria, though not as a result of hostilities between the fur companies. On 1 July 1813, the fort officers of Donald Mackenzie, Duncan McDougall, David Stuart, and John Clarke, desiring to abandon

4293-408: The headquarters of its most western operations, primarily based along the Columbia. In 1821, the Hudson's Bay Company incorporated Fort George into its collection of posts after absorbing the NWC. The opening of Fort Vancouver in 1825 was planned to allow for a better placed headquarters for the Columbia Department . While Fort George was abandoned in 1825, the arrival of American naval merchants on

4374-448: The idea of a joint company with the Canadian North West Company to open trade posts in the Pacific Northwest . However, Astor was unable to convince the British subjects to join him in such a venture. This did not deter the ambitious financier, who went ahead with his plans by creating the American Fur Company (AFC) in 1808. The Pacific Fur Company was established shortly afterwards as an AFC subsidiary to establish commercial stations on

4455-430: The longest. The Methodist missionary Daniel Lee reported that Birnie maintained "abundant crops of most excellent potatoes and garden vegetables" at the post. The growing salmon harvesting operations of the Hudson's Bay Company were focused on the fisheries surrounding Fort George. The company used the salmon to feed its employees, as well as exporting some to the markets of the Hawaiian Kingdom . The USS Ontario

4536-442: The need for frequent transactions with Chinookans for sustenance. Seasonal fish runs provided the major nutritional sources for the Columbian River based Natives. Major fish populations active in the Columbia included the candlefish smelt , white sturgeon , sockeye salmon , coho salmon , and Chinook salmon . This dependence on fish made it a primary food source for the Astorians, which caused some discontent among employees desiring

4617-474: The neighbourhoods to which they belong: The climate of Kamloops is semi-arid ( Köppen climate classification BSk ) due to its rain shadow location. Because of milder winters and aridity, the area west of Kamloops in the lower Thompson River valley falls within a desert ( Köppen climate classification BWk ) climate. Kamloops gets short cold snaps where temperatures can drop to around or below −30 °C (−22 °F) when Arctic air manages to cross

4698-405: The only cemetery dedicated to the Chinese pioneers, he felt this city would be an appropriate site for the museum. Kamloops' economy includes healthcare, tourism, education, transportation, and natural resource extraction industries. The Royal Inland Hospital (RIH) is the city's largest employer. RIH is the region's acute care and health facility and is one of two tertiary referral hospitals in

4779-504: The over 50 small interconnected lakes located within the park. The park is located 55 kilometers northwest of Kamloops . Motorized vehicle access is most easily obtained via Jamieson Creek Road. The Southern boundary of the park is formed by the Hiakwah-Shelley Lake chain. To the east are tree farm license lands. To the north and west are Provincial Forest lands. The park contains sub-alpine forest, small lakes and wetlands at high elevation. There are no known threatened species within

4860-423: The park is in the backcountry without any regular service or parks patrol. Seasonal hunting is permitted. 51°09′N 120°30′W  /  51.150°N 120.500°W  / 51.150; -120.500 This British Columbia protected areas related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Kamloops Kamloops ( / ˈ k æ m l uː p s / KAM -loops )

4941-557: The park. Cattle grazing is permitted within the park. Montane spruce Engelmann spruce Lodgepole pine Fairyslipper orchids Fisher Great horned owl Osprey Ruffed grouse Spruce grouse Barrows goldeneye Moose Timber wolf Mule deer Beaver Black bear Cougar Pike minnow There is no access within the park to motorized vehicles though snowmobile use is permitted in the southern portion. The park can also be accessed by floatplane and there are fly in fishing lodges. Horses are also permitted. All camping and hiking in

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5022-474: The period, in addition to the daily business of the fur companies and their personnel along the entire Pacific Slope . Soon after the forts were founded, Kwa'lila, chief of the main local village of the Secwépemc, moved his people closer to the trading post , so they could control access and gain in prestige and security. After Kwa'lila died, his nephew and foster son Nicola became chief. He later led an alliance of Syilx (Okanagan) and Nlaka'pamux peoples in

5103-439: The plateau country to the south around Stump , Nicola and Douglas lakes. Relations between Nicola and the fur traders were often tense, but Chief Nicola was recognized for his aid to colonizers during the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush of 1858. He did try to control those who had been in parties waging violence and looting on the Okanagan Trail , which led from American territory to the Fraser goldfields . Throughout, Kamloops

5184-417: The post canoes. The sinking of such HBC ships as the William and Ann at the mouth of the Columbia necessitated the use of the trading post to guide ships inland. Beginning in 1830 the location was continuously used in a small capacity by the company. The Isabella , a HBC trading ship, crashed near the station during that year. Neighboring Clatsops appeared on the scene, offering to recover property from

5265-566: The region, including business income, wage earnings, share earnings, rates and levies. Conservation springs from industry-wide support for management, research and education initiatives that benefit everyone through responsible tourism management. Kamloops has over 50 accommodation choices from major hotels to bed and breakfasts. Accommodation occupancy rates were 61.5% in 2017, up 2.6% from 2016. Kamloops culture has grown in recent years to celebrate local talent that includes: culinary arts, sports, live entertainment, and fine art. Kamloops hosts

5346-415: The remains of 215 children found at a former Kamloops Indian residential school , part of the Canadian Indian residential school system . The story was reported around the world, and five Catholic churches in Western Canada were burned down in the weeks following, since the school was operated by a Catholic order. However, this story cannot be completely confirmed until bodies are exhumed. "Kamloops"

5427-432: The rolling ridges, or into spectral gulches that rose to ghostlier mountains. It was like the scenery of Mexico, weirdly desolate and aridly morose. A discouraging land, forbidding in its weariness and resigned to ruin." Kamloops Indian Band areas begin just to the northeast of the downtown core but are not within the city limits. As a result of this placement, it is necessary to leave Kamloops' city limits and pass through

5508-422: The same year. The two businesses merged in 1813 when the North West Company bought the operations of the Pacific Fur Company. In 1821, the Hudson's Bay Company merged with the North West Company, and the post became known commonly as Thompson's River Post, or Fort Thompson. Later it was known as Fort Kamloops. The post's Chief Traders kept journals, which document a series of inter-Indian wars and personalities for

5589-426: The ship. Despite Chief Factor McLoughlin lamenting that "we have no alternative but to run the risk or lose the property", the assistance tendered by them proved invaluable for the company. In 1833, the post had a staff of four: an English clerk, a Scottish field manager from Stromness , and two Hawaiians. Throughout the 1830s and 1840s, several men served as Fort George's managing officer with James Birnie serving

5670-439: The time the NWC had no competition for the land-based fur trade in the region. NWC laborers developed Fort George by expanding its agricultural fields, in addition to creating "several large buildings erected, and the pallisades [sic] and bastions strengthened." Fort George became an important port-of-call for the maritime fur trade . By 1818, there about 50 NWC employees at Fort George, over half being Hawaiian Kanakas. In 1821,

5751-405: The two companies were to be allies or competitors. In June 1812, the number of men at Fort Astoria were reduced to 11 Hawaiians and 39 European descendants. Fear of attack by Chinookans was high and drills were directed by McDougall frequently. A delegation of Chinookans visited Fort Astoria on 2 July quickly left after witnessing these military demonstrations. This fear by the natives convinced

5832-491: The vessel. The loss of Tonquin caused a great deal of hardship for the personnel at Fort Astoria as it still held a large amount of the trade goods and foodstuffs intended for trade in the region. Many Tonquin passengers and crew members listed in Gabriel Franchère comprehensive travel log did not get to winter over after the initial fort was built, due to either being lost (deserting), drowning or perishing in

5913-419: The west, might challenge the whole continent to produce a spot of equal extent presenting more difficulties to the settler: studded with many gigantic trees of almost incredible size, many of them measuring fifty feet in girth, and so close together, and intermingled with huge rocks, as to make it work of no ordinary labour to level and clear the ground. By the time an overland party joined them in February 1812,

5994-465: Was 47.3 °C (117 °F) on 29 June 2021, which was the fourth-highest reading recorded in Canada, and the highest recorded in any city, during the infamous 2021 Western North America heat wave . The lowest temperature ever recorded was −38.3 °C (−37 °F) on 16 and 18 January 1950. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Kamloops had a population of 97,902 living in 39,914 of its 41,619 total private dwellings,

6075-504: Was a small warehouse. While ordering a lowering of exchange rates for skins in 1829, Chief Factor John McLoughlin focused on maintaining commercial ties with the Chinookan peoples through "forcing our Competitors to reduce their prices." This continued value placed in the Chinookans by the British subjects went extended beyond a major source of fur pelts. For instance, the surrounding tribes of Fort George were frequently employed to man

6156-557: Was an important way station on the route of the Hudson's Bay Brigade Trail , which connected Fort Vancouver with Fort Alexandria and the other forts in New Caledonia to the north (today's Omineca Country , roughly). It was integral during the onset of the Cariboo Gold Rush as the main route to the new goldfields around what was to become Barkerville . The 1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic swept through

6237-473: Was christened Fort Vancouver, with the initial construction completed in the spring of 1825. HBC personnel withdrew from Fort George two months later. Neighboring native villagers began to seasonally reside there, "rapidly reducing it to a state of ruin & filth." A small number of lodges, likely maintained by the Clatsop , were established fairly close to Fort George. To counter Americans merchant vessels,

6318-471: Was completed through downtown in 1886, and the Canadian National arrived in 1912, making Kamloops an important transportation hub. With a 2021 population of 97,902, it is the twelfth largest municipality in the province. The Kamloops census agglomeration is ranked 36th among census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada with a 2021 population of 114,142. Kamloops is promoted as

6399-426: Was dispatched in 1817 to reassert the American claim to Fort Astoria, though ordered to avoid an armed confrontation. NWC partner Simon McGillivray dramatically claimed that the vessel was sent "to seize or destroy the establishments and trade of the North West Company..." The NWC partners had already instructed its staff at Fort George to not resist an attempt by Americans to reclaim the fur trading station. Despite

6480-462: Was established as Cariboo College in 1970. The first European explorers arrived in 1811. David Stuart , a trader sent from Fort Astoria , then still a Pacific Fur Company post, spent a winter with the Secwépemc people. In May of the following year, trader Alexander Ross established a post, which was known as "Fort Cumcloups". The rival North West Company established Fort Shuswap nearby in

6561-471: Was not a "true Chinatown ". It was established by Chinese immigrants by 1887, and by 1890 the community had up to 400 Chinese. Stewart said this was an "amazingly large" population for the rural area. By the 1890s, about 33% of Kamloops were ethnic Chinese; they worked primarily on construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway . Economic changes in Kamloops resulted in many Chinese seeking work elsewhere. In addition, there were two fires in 1892 and 1893, and

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