58-449: A coffee filter is a filter used for various coffee brewing methods including but not limited to drip coffee filtering . Filters made of paper ( disposable ), cloth (reusable), or plastic, metal or porcelain (permanent) are used. Paper and cloth filters require the use of some kind of filter holder, whereas filters made out of other materials may present an integral part of the holder or not, depending on construction. The filter allows
116-409: A Büchner funnel , filter paper of a smaller diameter than the funnel, Büchner flask , and rubber tubing to connect to a vacuum source. Centrifugal filtration is carried out by rapidly rotating the substance to be filtered. The more dense material is separated from the less dense matter by the horizontal rotation. Gravity filtration is the process of pouring the mixture from a higher location to
174-423: A filter medium that has a complex structure through which only the fluid can pass. Solid particles that cannot pass through the filter medium are described as oversize and the fluid that passes through is called the filtrate . Oversize particles may form a filter cake on top of the filter and may also block the filter lattice, preventing the fluid phase from crossing the filter, known as blinding . The size of
232-404: A "paperish" taste and recommend to wash out the filter with a flush of hot water before filling the ground coffee into the filter. Since paper filters filter out some components the resulting coffee is said to taste somewhat fruitier compared to permanent filters. For a filter to be compatible with a filter holder (in the case of drip coffee preparation also called a dripper) or coffee maker,
290-470: A bowl holding a porous filter media can be thought of as filters in which a centrifugal force several times stronger than gravity replaces gravitational force. A partial vacuum is typically provided to the container below the filter media when laboratory filtration is challenging to speed up the filtering process. Depending on the type of filter being used, the majority of industrial filtration operations employ pressure or vacuum to speed up filtering and reduce
348-532: A cone-shaped filter holder looking almost identical to the Brasil filter with a circular bottom with 8 (later 4) holes suitable for use with squarish sheets of filter paper, which still had to be pressed into shape through a metal cone (a so called Eindrücker (presser), a type of filter shaping tool also known as "negotiator" today). These quick filter holders were manufactured of porcelain or metal, available in sizes named "100", "101", "102", and "103". This system
406-874: A conical filter called "C70" (2018) and a flat-bottom filter "F70" (2019) with a steep 70° angle. Other Melitta filter sizes include the pyramid filters "202s", "203", "206(G)", "220(G)", "240(G)" and "270(G)", round filter disks "1" (94 mm), "1a" (60 mm), "2" (120 mm) and "2b", and "50", circle filter rings (for percolators ) "3 1 ⁄ 2 in." (89 mm), "164mm", "190mm", "203mm", "235mm", "240mm", "244mm", "256mm", "260mm", "290mm", "330mm", "400mm" and "440mm", prepleated flat-bottom basket filters "(A)250/90" (250 mm/90 mm, also known as "90/250") and "(A)250/110" (250 mm/110 mm), roll filters "2004" as well as wrap filters (for percolators, 232 × 241 mm). While some of them are still available today, most of them have fallen out of use for long. A squarish pyramid filter Filtra "602"
464-516: A conical filter holder. In 1894, the Wilda'sche coffee filter device by Eugen Wilda used single-use cloth filter bags, which, in the corresponding patent, were considered to be superior to paper filter bags presumably already in use at the time. On 8 July 1908, the first commercial paper coffee filter was a 94 mm round filter disk devised by the German entrepreneur Melitta Bentz . She wanted to remove
522-631: A filter paper manufacturer, holding a D.R.G.M. utility patent on their filter. In 1931, Paul Ciupka proposed conical paper coffee filters, which reportedly led to the construction of another coffee filter named " Brasil Kaffeefilter " at the Göttinger Aluminiumwerke [ de ] (now Alcan) in 1932. It was recommended by the press. Melitta bought the rights to the Göttingen D.R.G.M. filter patent and, still in 1932, introduced their Schnell-Filter (English: quick filter),
580-406: A liquid, or simply to separate the solid from the liquid. There are many different methods of filtration; all aim to attain the separation of substances. Separation is achieved by some form of interaction between the substance or objects to be removed and the filter. The substance that is to pass through the filter must be a fluid , i.e. a liquid or gas . Methods of filtration vary depending on
638-438: A liquid. Only when a driving force is supplied will the fluid to be filtered be able to flow through the filter media. Gravity , centrifugation, applying pressure to the fluid above the filter, applying a vacuum below the filter, or a combination of these factors may all contribute to this force. In both straightforward laboratory filtrations and massive sand-bed filters, gravitational force alone may be utilized. Centrifuges with
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#1732784018778696-483: A lower one. It is frequently accomplished via simple filtration, which involves placing filter paper in a glass funnel with the liquid passing through by gravity while the insoluble solid particles are caught by the filter paper. Filter cones, fluted filters, or filtering pipets can all be employed, depending on the amount of the substance at hand. Gravity filtration is in widespread everyday use, for example for straining cooking water from food, or removing contaminants from
754-504: A separate filter holder. For this, they are resembling the shape of disposable paper or reusable cloth filters otherwise used with those filter holders. Like them they can exhibit some amount of water bypass. Permanent metal filters are also used to prepare filtered coffee, including Vietnamese iced coffee and Indian filter coffee . The " French press " (also referred to as cafetière) uses a metal filter. Other types of permanent filters are made of plastic, porous ceramics, or porcelain (like
812-405: A significant influence on taste, brewing time, utility and how (easy) to clean the filter holder: Metal and porcelain filter holders store more heat than glass or plastic filters and therefore should be pre-heated to avoid too large temperature drops during pouring. Filtration Filtration is a physical separation process that separates solid matter and fluid from a mixture using
870-505: A very long time. Like paper, it strains out the coffee grounds, but the cloth filter allows more of the oil to come through than paper filters. An example of a cloth filter is the bolsita in Costa Rican chorreador coffee makers. Permanent filters can be divided into two groups: The first type integrates the filter sieve with the holding mechanism into one part. The second type of permanent filters are inserts to be used with
928-404: Is 20–30% thicker than regular paper filters. Other important coffee filter paper parameters are strength, compatibility, efficiency and capacity. If a coffee filter is not strong enough, it will tear or rupture, allowing coffee grains through to the coffee pot. Compatibility describes a filter medium's resistance to degradation by heat and chemical attack; a filter that is not compatible with
986-605: Is a cone-shaped brewer (with 60° angle), with ribs along the wall (to prevent the paper sticking and allowing air through) and a single large hole (to allow water to pass through unrestricted). Hario began designing brewers in 1980, but the V60 was not released until 2004. The brewer received the Japanese Good Design Award in 2007 and is used by many of the winners in the World Brewers Cup . The design
1044-505: Is a novel technology since natural biofilms are sluggishly developing. The use of biofilms in the biofiltration process allows for the attachment of desirable biomass and critical nutrients to immobilized support. So that water may be reused for various processes, advances in biofiltration methods assist in removing significant volumes of effluents from wastewater . Systems for biologically treating wastewater are crucial for enhancing both human health and water quality . Biofilm technology,
1102-476: Is also an after-market of permanent filter inserts made out of plastic, metal or ceramics which can be used in filter holders originally designed for paper or cloth filters. Another type of permanent filters combines the actual filter sieve with its holding mechanism into one integral part. Filter holders for cone-, fan- or boat- as well as for flat-bottom shaped (paper) filters can be distinguished by features of their mechanical construction, some of which also have
1160-438: Is also used as a general term for macrophage in which organisms use a variety of means to filter small food particles from their environment. Examples range from the microscopic Vorticella up to the basking shark , one of the largest fishes, and the baleen whales , all of which are described as filter feeders . Filters may be used for the purpose of removing unwanted liquid from a solid residue, cleaning unwanted solids from
1218-454: Is composed primarily of silica . Also used are wood cellulose and other inert porous solids such as the cheaper and safer perlite . Activated carbon is often used in industrial applications that require changes in the filtrate's properties, such as altering colour or odour. These filter aids can be used in two different ways. They can be used as a precoat before the slurry is filtered. This will prevent gelatinous-type solids from plugging
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#17327840187781276-402: Is mainly used to separate solids from a hot solution. This is done to prevent crystal formation in the filter funnel and other apparatus that come in contact with the solution. As a result, the apparatus and the solution used are heated to prevent the rapid decrease in temperature which in turn, would lead to the crystallisation of the solids in the funnel and hinder the filtration process. One of
1334-416: Is the use of an ice bath to rapidly cool the solution to be crystallized rather than leaving it to cool slowly in the room atmosphere. This technique results in the formation of very small crystals as opposed to getting large crystals by cooling the solution at room temperature. Vacuum filtration technique is mostly preferred for small batches of solution to dry small crystals quickly. This method requires
1392-465: Is used for the 3-cup holders (CM-1, CM-1C, CM-1GH) and the Funnex (CM-FNX), which must be folded before use. The larger holders for 5 (CM-2), 6 (CM-6A, CM-6GH), 8 (CM-3, CM-8A, CM-8GH), 10 (CM-10A, CM-10GH) and 13 cups (CM-4) can alternatively use prefolded square sheets (bleached: FS-100, unbleached: FSU-100), prefolded circle filters (bleached: FC-100) or unfolded circle filters (bleached: FP-1). The paper
1450-528: The Rotifera and the Ectoprocta . Many aquatic arthropods are filter feeders. Some use rhythmical beating of abdominal limbs to create a water current to the mouth whilst the hairs on the legs trap any particle. Others such as some caddis flies spin fine webs in the water flow to trap particles. Many filtration processes include more than one filtration mechanism, and particulates are often removed from
1508-638: The glomerulus selectively removes undesirable constituents such as urea , followed by selective reabsorption of many substances essential for the body to maintain homeostasis. The complete process is termed excretion by urination . Similar but often less complex solutions are deployed in all animals, even the protozoa , where the contractile vacuole provides a similar function. Biofilms are often complex communities of bacteria, phages, yeasts and often more complex organisms including protozoa , rotifers and annelids which form dynamic and complex, frequently gelatinous films on wet substrates. Such biofilms coat
1566-610: The LVL-10 and 77 mm for the Pulsar). The Hario cold brew dripper Slow Brew "Shizuku" (WDC-6) and Water Dripper Clear (WDW-6) take 58 mm round filter disks. The six conical filter holder sizes for the Chemex coffee maker (originally introduced in 1941) and the Funnex utilize two different sizes of paper filters. A half-moon shaped filter paper (bleached: FP-2, unbleached: FP-2N)
1624-409: The amount of equipment needed. Filter media are the materials used to do the separation of materials. Two main types of filter media are employed in laboratories: Surface filters allow the solid particles, i.e. the residue, to be collected intact; depth filters do not. However, the depth filter is less prone to clogging due to the greater surface area where the particles can be trapped. Also, when
1682-410: The biological component may be grown on a medium in the material being filtered. Removal of solids, emulsified components, organic chemicals and ions may be achieved by ingestion and digestion, adsorption or absorption. Because of the complexity of biological interactions, especially in multi-organism communities, it is often not possible to determine which processes are achieving the filtration result. At
1740-511: The bitter taste caused by overbrewing . She patented her invention and formed a company, Melitta , to sell the coffee filters (in a format and size later named " 1 "), hiring her husband and two sons to assist her as the first employees. Since 1930/1931, there was a conical paper coffee filter named " Blitz-Filter " (English: flash filter) featuring rims manufactured by the Berlin-based Blitz-Filter GmbH ,
1798-399: The cake is discarded or where the precipitate can be chemically separated from the filter. Filtration is a more efficient method for the separation of mixtures than decantation but is much more time-consuming. If very small amounts of solution are involved, most of the solution may be soaked up by the filter medium. An alternative to filtration is centrifugation . Instead of filtering
Coffee filter - Misplaced Pages Continue
1856-484: The double-layered cross-slitted strainer made from through-glazed porcelain of Karlsbad-style coffee makers or the special porcelain filter sieves of Büttner system coffee makers). Filter holders are made out of plastic (including Makrolon / Exolon , Tritan , Ecozen ), metal (stainless steel, copper, aluminium, emaille), ceramics, porcelain or glass, or, rarely, wood. Most of them are designed to be used with disposable paper and reusable cloth filter inserts, but there
1914-654: The filter bags are interchangeable between filter holders of different sizes. Both systems are still in use today in principle, but the sizes "103", "104", "105", "106", "112", "123", "401", "402", ("502",) "801" and "1×10" are no longer manufactured. Common in the US are fan- or boat-shaped filters "#0" (similar to "100"), "#1" (similar to "101"), "#2" (similar to "102"), "#4" (similar to "1×4"), and "#6" (similar to "1×6"), with "#2", "#4" and "#6" being particularly popular, as well as basket-shaped filters in an 8–12 cup home size and larger restaurant sizes. The Hario "vector 60" V60
1972-402: The filter medium and also give a clearer filtrate. They can also be added to the slurry before filtration. This increases the porosity of the cake and reduces the resistance of the cake during filtration. In a rotary filter, the filter aid may be applied as a precoat; subsequently, thin slices of this layer are sliced off with the cake. The use of filter aids is usually limited to cases where
2030-462: The filter needs to be a specific shape and size. In 1782, Johann Georg Krünitz described a then-new method to extract coffee utilizing blotting paper in a (tinned) metal filter cone. In Germany and the Netherlands, filter paper inserts were used in narrow conical metal filter holders called " Hamburger Spitztrichter " (Hamburg filter) to extract drip coffee. In 1785, a silver filter
2088-410: The filters are sized big enough so that the whole amount of water (except for the water needed for blooming ) can be poured in one go. Consequently, the filter sizes "1×2", "1×4", "1×6" and "1×10" result in 2, 4, 6, and 10 cups of coffee when filling the filter once. Since these filters only differ in height and have otherwise the exact same geometry, bottom width (about 49 mm) and angle (about 54°),
2146-449: The filtration process faster, though this may lead to clogging or the passage of fine particles. Alternatively, the liquid may flow through the filter by the force exerted by a pump , a method commonly used in industry when a reduced filtration time is important. In this case, the filter need not be mounted vertically. Certain filter aids may be used to aid filtration. These are often incompressible diatomaceous earth , or kieselguhr, which
2204-466: The fluid first to prevent clogging of downstream elements. Particulate filtration includes: Adsorption filtration removes contaminants by adsorption of the contaminant by the filter medium. This requires intimate contact between the filter medium and the filtrate, and takes time for diffusion to bring the contaminant into direct contact with the medium while passing through it, referred to as dwell time . Slower flow also reduces pressure drop across
2262-428: The formation of biofilms on various filter media, and other factors have an impact on the growth structure and function of these biofilms. To conduct a thorough investigation of the composition, diversity, and dynamics of biofilms, it also takes on a variety of traditional and contemporary molecular approaches. Filter feeders are organisms that obtain their food by filtering their, generally aquatic, environment. Many of
2320-465: The largest particles that can successfully pass through a filter is called the effective pore size of that filter. The separation of solid and fluid is imperfect; solids will be contaminated with some fluid and filtrate will contain fine particles (depending on the pore size, filter thickness and biological activity). Filtration occurs both in nature and in engineered systems; there are biological , geological , and industrial forms. In everyday usage
2378-409: The liquid coffee to flow through, but traps the coffee grounds. Paper filters remove oily components called diterpenes (like cafestol and kahweol ). Metal, nylon or porcelain mesh filters do not remove these components. These organic compounds, present in unfiltered coffee, have anti-inflammatory properties. Several studies also indicate that the mild consumption of paper-filtered coffee may reduce
Coffee filter - Misplaced Pages Continue
2436-886: The liquid passing through it is likely to break down, losing strength ( structural failure ). Efficiency is the retention of particles in a target (size) category. The efficiency is dictated by the particles or substances to be removed. A large-mesh filter may be efficient at retaining large particles but inefficient at retaining small particles. Capacity is the ability to "hold" previously removed particles while allowing further flow. A very efficient filter may show poor capacity, causing increased resistance to flow or other problems as it plugging up prematurely and increasing resistance or flow problems. A balance between particle capture and flow requirements must be met while ensuring integrity. Reusable cloth (such as cotton , hemp , linen , silk , wool , hair cloth , horse hair , fustian , muslin or flannel ) has been used to filter coffee for
2494-424: The location of the targeted material, i.e. whether it is dissolved in the fluid phase or suspended as a solid. There are several laboratory filtration techniques depending on the desired outcome namely, hot, cold and vacuum filtration . Some of the major purposes of obtaining the desired outcome are, for the removal of impurities from a mixture or, for the isolation of solids from a mixture. Hot filtration method
2552-778: The manufacturer of the " Blitz-Filter ". The cone-shaped filter holders were refined in 1936 to get a slot-shaped bottom (originally with 4 holes) more suitable for the filter bags, now looking more fan- or boat-shaped. Over the years the system was expanded to eventually consist of filter bag sizes "100" (for 1–2 cups à 1 ⁄ 6 – 1 ⁄ 8 litre), "101" (for 2–3 or 2–4 cups), "102" (for 3–6, 4–6 or 4–8 cups), "103" (for 6–15, 8–15 cups or 10–15), "104" (for 15–25 or 15–30 cups), "105" (for 25–50 or 30–60 cups), "106" (for 50–80 or 60–100 cups), "112" (for 2 cups, with pot mount) and "123" (for 6–10 cups). The system also included special types like tea filters "401" (1–6 cups, compatible with "101") and "402" (for 3–9 cups, compatible with "102") and
2610-447: The miniature filter "801" (for 1–2 or 1–3 small cups for children, or 1 normal cup). Brigitta once marketed a fan- or boat-shaped filter size "502". A disadvantage of the system was that one had to pour water continuously or several times while the proper amount of necessary water could only be guessed. Therefore, in 1963 or 1965 Melitta developed a new fan- or boat-shaped filter system with corresponding "1×" nomenclature: In this system
2668-439: The mixture of solid and liquid particles, the mixture is centrifuged to force the (usually) denser solid to the bottom, where it often forms a firm cake . The liquid above can then be decanted. This method is especially useful for separating solids that do not filter well, such as gelatinous or fine particles. These solids can clog or pass through the filter, respectively. Biological filtration may take place inside an organism, or
2726-442: The molecular level, it may often be by individual catalytic enzyme actions within an individual organism. The waste products of some organisms may subsequently broken down by other organisms to extract as much energy as possible and in so doing reduce complex organic molecules to very simple inorganic species such as water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. In mammals, reptiles, and birds, the kidneys function by renal filtration whereby
2784-446: The most important measures to prevent the formation of crystals in the funnel and to undergo effective hot filtration is the use stemless filter funnel. Due to the absence of a stem in the filter funnel, there is a decrease in the surface area of contact between the solution and the stem of the filter funnel, hence preventing re-crystallization of solid in the funnel, and adversely affecting the filtration process. Cold filtration method
2842-410: The protozoa are filter feeders using a range of adaptations including rigid spikes of protoplasm held in the water flow as in the suctoria to various arrangements of beating cillia to direct particles to the mouth including organisms such as Vorticella which have a complex ring of cilia which create a vortex in the flow drafting particles into the oral cavity. Similar feeding techniques are used by
2900-590: The risk of coronary heart disease due to reducing these compounds. Coffee filters of paper are made from about 100 g/m filter paper . The raw materials ( pulp ) for the filter paper are coarse long fiber , often from fast-growing trees, i.e. Melitta uses up to 60% of bambus in their filters since 1998. Both bleached and unbleached filters are made. Typically, coffee filters are made up of filaments approximately 20 micrometres wide, which allow particles through that are less than approximately 10 to 15 micrometres. Some baristas claim that paper filters exhibit
2958-479: The rocks of most rivers and the sea and they provide the key filtration capability of the Schmutzdecke on the surface of slow sand filters and the film on the filter media of trickling filters which are used to create potable water and treat sewage respectively. An example of a biofilm is a biological slime, which may be found in lakes, rivers, rocks, etc. The utilization of single- or dual-species biofilms
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#17327840187783016-414: The screen without interrupting system flow. Fluids flow through a filter due to a pressure difference—fluid flows from the high-pressure side to the low-pressure side of the filter. The simplest method to achieve this is by gravity which can be seen in the coffeemaker example. In the laboratory, pressure in the form of compressed air on the feed side (or vacuum on the filtrate side) may be applied to make
3074-424: The solid particles are very fine, it is often cheaper and easier to discard the contaminated granules than to clean the solid sieve. Filter media can be cleaned by rinsing with solvents or detergents or backwashing. Alternatively, in engineering applications, such as swimming pool water treatment plants, they may be cleaned by backwashing . Self-cleaning screen filters utilize point-of-suction backwashing to clean
3132-421: The verb "strain" is more often used; for example, using a colander to drain cooking water from cooked pasta . Filtration is also used to describe biological and physical systems that not only separate solids from a fluid stream but also remove chemical species and biological organisms by entrainment , phagocytosis , adsorption and absorption . Examples include slow sand filters and trickling filters . It
3190-479: Was adapted to create the Hario W60, a brewer with a flat-bottomed mesh filter, in partnership with 2013 World Barista Champion Pete Licata, to "address the concern baristas have with 'flat bed' brewing". The Hario Switch combines steeping with drip filtering. Hario has cone-shaped paper filter bag sizes "01" (for 1 cup), "02" (for 1–4 cups) and "03" (for 1–6 cups). Saint Anthony Industries (SAI) introduced
3248-503: Was available as well. Other basket filter sizes include "101/317", "152/350", "152/457", "203/533" and "280/635". Other round filter disks include 160 mm, 220 mm, 195 mm, 230 mm. The Aeropress and Ceado Hoop use round paper filter disks with a diameter of c. 63 mm. The German Tricolate coffee dripper uses round paper filter disks with a diameter of 88 mm. The Kanas-based NextLevel drippers use proprietary round disk paper filters as well (95 mm for
3306-472: Was available up to 1939. Patented in 1935, Melitta introduced the Filtertüte (English: filter bag) in various sizes in 1936 or 1937 In Germany, Melitta holds a trademark on the term " Filtertüte " (English: filter bag) for the conical fan- or boat-shaped paper filter introduced in 1937, that is why other manufacturers use terms like coffee filter, paper filter, etc. In 1936, Melitta also took over
3364-699: Was manufactured by Johann Christopher Hellmers, suggesting that porcelain versions existed even earlier. Hamburg filters made out of (enameled) metal or porcelain were still very common in the early 1900s in Germany. In 1847, Elard Römershausen [ d ] (aka Elard Romershausen and Elard [von] Rommershausen) experimented with paper filters while constructing an early "air press coffee machine". In 1885, Heinrich Böhnke-Reich (aka Boehnke-Reich) warned of using old wall paper as coffee filters, but favourably described sheets of thick wool-style greyish paper which could be cut into shape for use as quick filters in
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