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25-553: The neighboring area is known for hot springs, caves and waterfalls. There are fourteenth century ruins associated with the former Kingdom of Kaffa . As part of the extensive road-building program started before the Italian invasion , the Ethiopian Transport Company built a large steel bridge at Bonga. The all-weather road from Jimma south to Bonga was completed around 1962. The road to Mizan Teferi and Tepi

50-2537: A References [ edit ] ^ Uduk at Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013) [REDACTED] ^ Killian 2015, pp. 4f Don Killian (2015) "Topics in Uduk Phonology and Morphosyntax" Ph.D. thesis. University of Helsinki. Don Killian and Harald Hammarström (2010) "Notes on the morphosyntax of Uduk" Bender, M. L. 1983. Proto-Koman phonology and lexicon. Afrika und Übersee 66, 259–297. v t e Koman languages Dana Komo Kwama Opuo Uduk Gule  ? v t e Languages of Ethiopia Official languages Afar Amharic Oromo Somali Tigrinya Regional languages Ethiosemitic Amharic Argobba Geʽez Gurage Harari Inor Mesqan Muher Sebat Bet Gurage Siltʼe Soddo Tigrinya Zay Cushitic Afar Alaba Ale Arbore Awngi Baiso Bussa Burji Daasanach Dirasha Gedeo Hadiyya Kambaata Konso Libido Oromo Qimant Saho Sidamo Somali Tsamai Xamtanga Omotic Aari Anfillo Bambassi Basketo Bench Boro Chara Dime Dizi Dorze Gamo-Gofa-Dawro Ganza Gayil Hamer-Banna Hozo Kachama-Ganjule Kafa Karo Koorete Maale Melo Nayi Oyda Seze Shekkacho Sheko Wolaitta Yemsa Zayse-Zergulla Nilo-Saharan Anuak Berta Daatsʼiin Gumuz Kacipo-Balesi Komo Kwama Kwegu Majang Meʼen Murle Mursi Nuer Nyangatom Opuuo Shabo Suri Uduk Foreign languages English Arabic Sign languages Ethiopian sign languages Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uduk_language&oldid=1236437430 " Categories : Languages of Ethiopia Languages of Sudan Koman languages Hidden categories: Language articles citing Ethnologue 17 Articles with short description Short description

75-464: A subtropical highland climate ( Cwb ). Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the CSA, this town has a total population of 20,858, of whom 10,736 are men and 10,122 women. The majority of the inhabitants practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity , with 72.53% of the population reporting that belief. 11.17% were Muslim , 9.85% were Protestants , and 6.18% were Catholics . The 1994 census reported it had

100-467: A tabot bearing the name of Emperor Sarsa Dengel. Over the following centuries the influence of the Abyssinian king grew weak, and Christianity more or less disappeared, although the church of St. George was used as a "male house of ritual of George" until late in the 19th century when Christian practices were reintroduced. Beginning with Gali Ginocho (1675–1710), the kings of Kaffa began to expand

125-594: A total population of 10,851 of whom 5,032 were men and 5,819 women. Bonga is also home to many Uduk refugees from South Sudan . In 2009, constructions for a National Coffee Museum started. Next to the National Coffee Museum lies the Kafa Biosphere Reserve Information Center where visitors can learn about flora and fauna of the region. Kafa Biosphere Reserve is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve since 2010. It

150-572: Is the birthplace of wild Arabica coffee and is very rich in biodiversity. Kingdom of Kaffa The Kingdom of Kaffa was a kingdom located in what is now Ethiopia from 1390 to 1897, with its first capital at Bonga . The Gojeb River formed its northern border, beyond which lay the Gibe kingdoms; to the east the territory of the Konta and Kullo peoples lay between Kaffa and the Omo River ; to

175-528: Is thought to be the oldest city in western Ethiopia . The first European recorded to have visited the capital of the former Kingdom of Kaffa was Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie , who resided for 11 days in the marketplace reserved for Christian traders in 1843. The royal residence at Bonga was not as elegant as those in Gomma , Gera , and Limmu-Ennarea . Capuchin monks founded a mission there in 1845 and discovered some medieval churches which remained as evidence of

200-1737: The border with Ethiopia . Nearly the entire population fled to a refugee camp in Ethiopia during the Second Sudanese Civil War , but returned to Sudan once fighting stopped. The resurgence of hostilities in the Blue Nile province after 2011 once more resulted in the Uduk community having to enter refugee camps in Ethiopia and South Sudan. Phonology [ edit ] Consonants [ edit ]   Bilabial Dental Alveolar Post-alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal Plosive unaspirated p pʷ t̪ [t̪ʷ] t c cʷ k kʷ ʔ aspirated pʰ pʰʷ t̪ʰ tʰ [tʰʷ] cʰ cʰʷ kʰ kʰʷ ejective pʼ t̪ʼ tʼ tʼʷ cʼ cʼʷ kʼ kʼʷ voiced b bʷ d̪ d dʷ ɟ ɟʷ ɡ ɡʷ implosive ɓ ɓʷ ɗ ɗʷ Nasal m [mʷ] n ɲ [ɲʷ] ŋ ŋʷ Fricative (ɸ) s ʃ ʃʷ (x) h Trill r Approximant l j w Consonants in parentheses are allophones. Consonants in brackets are rare or marginal. Vowels [ edit ] Front Central Back Close i u Mid ɛ ɔ Open

225-576: The 18th century the kingdom was invaded by the Mecha Oromos. But due to its difficult terrain, Kaffa was able to repel the invasion. However all territories north of the Gojeb river was lost to the Oromos. The last Kaffa king, Gaki Sherocho , resisted for months the combined armies of Welde Giyorgis Aboye , Ras Damisse, and King Abba Jifar II of Jimma , until he was captured 11 September 1897, and

250-559: The Sudans ;(undated; presumably after 2005) Language family Nilo-Saharan ? Komuz ? Koman Central Koman Komo –Uduk Uduk Writing system Latin Language codes ISO 639-3 udu Glottolog uduk1239 Uduk , also known as Twʼampa (Tʼwampa), is a Koman language spoken in Sudan near

275-492: The annexation into Ethiopia, the inhabitants suffered greatly due to the slave-raids organized by Abba Jifar II , and the region almost became uninhabited. During the reorganization of the provinces in 1942, the former kingdom was enlarged by the addition of a number of other kingdoms from the Gibe region to become Kaffa Province . In Kaffa, Maria Theresa thalers (MT) and salt blocks called amoleh were used as currency (as in

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300-590: The borders of their kingdom, annexing the neighboring small Gimira states of She, Benesho and Majango. The neighboring state of the Welayta came under their control in the reign of Tato Shagi Sherocho (1775–1795), who extended the boundaries of his kingdom as far as the Omo to the southeast and almost to the confluence of the Omo and the Denchya to the south. It was during the reign of King Hoti Gaocho (1798–1821), that

325-523: The early infiltration of Christian influence before the invasion of the Oromo . When Paul Soleillet visited Bonga in the 1880s, he described its trade as primarily slaves, coffee , civet cat oil , coriander and ivory , the turnover amounting between 200,000 and 300,000 dollars a year. Following the conquest of Kaffa by the generals of Menelik II in 1897, Bonga was deserted; governor Ras Wolde Giyorgis made neighboring Anderaccha his capital. Bonga

350-610: The kingdom. There were a number of groups of people, "but with the status of submerged status ", who also lived in the kingdom; these included the Manjo , or hunters; the Manne , or leatherworkers; and the Qemmo , or blacksmiths. The Manjo even had their own king, appointed by the King of Kaffa, and were given the duties of guarding the royal compounds and the gates of the kingdom. The kingdom

375-462: The name of a single one." The first capital Bonga was either founded or captured by Bon-noghe; it was later replaced by Anderaccha , but Bonga retained its importance. During the 16th century, the Emperor of Abyssinia Sarsa Dengel convinced the kingdom to officially accept Christianity as its state religion. As a result, the church of St. George was dedicated at Baha ; the building preserved

400-657: The new settlement was well built from brick and tufa , covered by clay tiles or corrugated iron. Generals Bortello and Tosti, commanders of the Italian forces south of the Didessa River acknowledged their weak position and along with 2,850 troops on 28 June 1941 surrendered to Lt. Col. McNab of the King's African Rifles . Telephone service reached Bonga between 1954 and 1967. Around 1970, there lived in Bonga one Idebe Godo who

425-410: The rest of Ethiopia) as late as 1905, which circulated at a rate of four or five amolehs to 1 MT. The economy was based on exports of gold , civet oil, and slaves . Crops grown included coffee and cotton . However, according to Richard Pankhurst , the amount of coffee exported was never large: he cites an estimate for its production in the 1880s at 50,000 to 60,000 kilograms a year. Livestock

450-718: The south numerous subgroups of the Gimira people, and to the west lay the Majangir people. The native language, also known as Kaffa , is one of the Omotic group of languages. Kaffa was divided into four sub-groups, who spoke a common language Kefficho , one of the Gonga/Kefoid group of Omotic languages ; a number of groups of foreigners, Ethiopian Muslim traders and members of the Ethiopian Church , also lived in

475-550: The territory of the Kaffa kings reached its maximum. According to Orent, the traditions of the Kaffa people relate that he ruled far and wide, conquering wherever he went, even as far afield as Wolleta and Kambaata. "To this day, some people still talk about the time that their ancestors defeated all their enemies and sat at the foot of a famous tree in Wolliso and decided not to go farther into Shewa province." concludes Orent. Around

500-456: Was first sent to Ankober , then to Addis Ababa . Kaffa was then held as a fief by Wolde Giyogis until 1914. During his visit to Kaffa in 1897, Alexander Bulatovich had the opportunity to study the culture of the inhabitants, describing them in his book With the Armies of Menelik II, emperor of Ethiopia , identifying a number of practices in common with the more familiar Amhara people . After

525-559: Was improved in 1966 by the Highway Authority. The Apostolic Prefecture of Jimma–Bonga is based in this town. According to the SNNPR's Bureau of Finance and Economic Development, as of 2003 Bonga's amenities include digital telephone access, postal service, 24-hour electrical service, a bank and a hospital. The high school draws students from a broad area. The city is a center for the buying of honey, coffee and cardamom . Bonga

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550-551: Was occupied 13 December 1936 by the Italians under General Malta, who died there the next year on 30 May. He and his successor Colonel Corrado refounded Bonga as a local administrative and commercial center for the production of coffee, hides, wax, maize, tea, etc. By 1938, there were about 3,000 inhabitants in the town, of whom about 200 were Italians, and it was equipped with a post office, telegraph, hospital, pharmacy, and spacci . There were few remains of early constructions, but

575-571: Was overrun and conquered in 1897, and was eventually annexed by Ethiopia. The land where this former kingdom lay is in the southern parts of the Ethiopian Highlands with stretches of forest. The mountainous land is very fertile, capable of three harvests a year. The Kingdom of Kaffa was founded c.1390 by Minjo, who according to oral tradition ousted the Mato dynasty of 32 kings. However, his informants told Amnon Orent, "no one remembers

600-504: Was raised, and honeybees kept in barrels (called gendo ) which were hung in trees. 7°16′00″N 36°14′00″E  /  7.2667°N 36.2333°E  / 7.2667; 36.2333 Uduk language Koman language spoken in Sudan Uduk Tʼwampa Native ;to Sudan , South Sudan Ethnicity Uduk people Native speakers 22,000 in

625-490: Was the chief priest of a spirit possession cult. The high priesthood was hereditary to the family of the former high priests to the King of Kaffa. Bonga has a tropical monsoon climate ( Köppen Am ) with a short dry season in December and January and a lengthy though not intense wet season covering the remainder of the year. Although afternoons are very warm to hot throughout the year, mornings are cool enough to be close to

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