Romance or romantic love is a feeling of love for, or a strong attraction towards another person, and the courtship behaviors undertaken by an individual to express those overall feelings and resultant emotions.
102-526: A Bond girl is a character who is a love interest , female companion or (occasionally) an adversary of James Bond in a novel, film, or video game. Bond girls occasionally have names that are double entendres or sexual puns , such as Plenty O'Toole , Holly Goodhead , or Xenia Onatopp . The female leads in the films, such as Ursula Andress , Honor Blackman , or Eva Green , can also be referred to as "Bond girls". The term Bond girl may also be considered as an anachronism , with some female cast members in
204-400: A "complement" or completing of themselves in a partner, as in the cliché that "opposites attract", but with the added consideration that both partners manifest this attraction for the sake of the species: But what ultimately draws two individuals of different sex exclusively to each other with such power is the will-to-live which manifests itself in the whole species, and here anticipates, in
306-528: A Bolivian intelligence agent who teams up with Bond in Quantum of Solace , and Bibi Dahl in For Your Eyes Only , who are not romantic interests of Bond, and hence may not be considered Bond girls. It has been argued that M's pivotal role in the plot of Skyfall qualifies her as a Bond girl or Bond woman. There have been many attempts to break down the numerous Bond girls into a top 10 list for
408-809: A Bond girl more than once: Ursula Andress in Dr. No (1962) and Casino Royale (1967); Angela Scoular in On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969) and Casino Royale (1967); Valerie Leon in The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) and Never Say Never Again . Mary Goodnight was a supporting character in several Bond novels before graduating to full Bond girl in The Man with the Golden Gun . Several short stories, such as "Quantum of Solace", "The Hildebrand Rarity", "The Living Daylights", and "The Property of
510-447: A Lady", feature female characters in prominent roles, but none of these women interact with Bond in a romantic way. There are several different archetypes for Bond girls: romantic interests, those who assist him, femme fatales (who invariably make an attempt on Bond's life), and sacrificial lambs (female allies or associates of Bond who wind up dead). Since it is debatable whether certain girls fulfil certain tropes (e.g. If Bond kisses
612-522: A TV movie and then became a household name playing the title role in her TV series Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman . Since Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli took over producing the films in the mid-1990s, several actresses have also won or been nominated for an Oscar: Kim Basinger in 1998 (Best Supporting Actress), Halle Berry in 2002 (who won Best Actress while she was filming Die Another Day ), Rosamund Pike (nominated for Best Actress in 2015 ), and Michelle Yeoh in 2023 (Best Actress). Ultimately,
714-460: A brief romance, but Sukie Tempesta ( Nobody Lives for Ever ), Beatrice Maria da Ricci ( Win, Lose or Die ), and Fredericka von Grüsse ( Never Send Flowers ) all make return appearances in later books. Anthony Horowitz's Trigger Mortis picks up two weeks after the events in Goldfinger with Bond continuing his relationship with Pussy Galore. A unique case is Mary Goodnight, who appears in
816-500: A complexity that was steeped in a framework of tradition, which stemmed from theories of etiquette derived out of chivalry as a moral code of conduct. Courtly love and the notion of domnei were often the subjects of troubadours , and could be typically found in artistic endeavors such as lyrical narratives and poetic prose of the time. Since marriage was commonly a formal arrangement, courtly love sometimes permitted expressions of emotional closeness that may have been lacking from
918-426: A cynical view, it does emphasize the mechanical in love relations. In that sense, it does resonate with capitalism and cynicism native to post-modernity. Romance in this context leans more on fashion and irony, though these were important for it in less emancipated times. Sexual revolutions have brought change to these areas. Wit or irony therefore encompass an instability of romance that is not entirely new but has
1020-543: A framework of concern for the reproduction of bloodlines according to financial, professional, and sometimes political interests." Anthony Giddens , in The Transformation of Intimacy: Sexuality, Love and Eroticism in Modern Society , states that romantic love introduced the idea of a narrative to an individual's life, and telling a story is a root meaning of the term romance . According to Giddens,
1122-415: A girl, does that make her a romantic interest? Is Pussy Galore a "femme fatale" due to her being in league with Goldfinger?), the following criteria are used for determining inclusion: romantic interests have (implied) sexual encounters with Bond; those women who have a principal role in assisting Bond; femme fatales attempt to kill Bond; sacrificial lambs have an allegiance to Bond whose death is instigated by
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#17327873233341224-430: A knight's devotion to her, coupled with an obligatory respect for all women, factored prominently in the identity of medieval knighthood. Members of the aristocracy were schooled in the principles of chivalry, which facilitated important changes in attitudes regarding the value of women. Modern historians such as D. W. Robertson Jr. , John C. Moore, and E. Talbot Donaldson consider the concept of courtly love to be
1326-621: A lack mainly to Sigmund Freud , and Deleuze often criticized it. Victor C. De Munck and David B. Kronenfeld conducted a study named "Romantic Love in the United States: Applying Cultural Models Theory and Methods". This study was conducted through an investigation of two cultural model cases. It states that in America, "we have a rather and dynamic cultural model that is falsifiable and predictive of successful love relationships" Which supports that
1428-499: A lack of being, namely, the being or form of beauty . Though there are many theories of romantic love—such as that of Robert Sternberg , in which it is merely a mean combining liking and sexual desire —the major theories involve far more insight. For most of the 20th century, Freud's theory of the family drama dominated theories of romance and sexual relationships. This gave rise to a few counter-theories. Theorists like Deleuze counter Freud and Jacques Lacan by attempting to return to
1530-427: A love relationship, in which the other is imbued with extraordinary virtue, beauty, etc., so that the relationship overrides all other considerations, including material ones." Although the emotions and sensations of romantic love are widely associated with sexual attraction , they could also exist without sexual attraction. In certain cases, romance could even be interpreted as a normal friendship. Historically ,
1632-545: A meeting is asked for with the avowed intention of sexual gratification. If the invitation is accepted, the satisfaction of the boy's desire eliminates the romantic frame of mind, the craving for the unattainable and mysterious." "an important point is that the pair's community of interest is limited to the sexual relation only. The couple share a bed and nothing else. ... there are no services to be mutually rendered, they have no obligation to help each other in any way..." The aborigines of Mangaia island of Polynesia, who mastered
1734-563: A modern invention. Donaldson called it "The Myth of Courtly Love," on the basis that it is not supported in medieval texts. Other scholars consider courtly love to have been purely a literary convention. Examples of allegorical use of the concept can be found in the Middle Ages, but there are no historical records that offer evidence of its presence in reality. Historian John Benton found no documentary evidence in law codes, court cases, chronicles or other historical documents. Romantic love
1836-448: A more central social role, fine-tuned to certain modern peculiarities and subversion originating in various social revolutions, culminating mostly in the 1960s. The process of courtship also contributed to Arthur Schopenhauer 's pessimism, despite his own romantic success, and he argued that to be rid of the challenge of courtship would drive people to suicide with boredom. Schopenhauer theorized that individuals seek partners looking for
1938-437: A more naturalistic philosophy: René Girard argues that romantic attraction is a product of jealousy and rivalry—particularly in a triangular form . Girard, in any case, downplays romance's individuality in favor of jealousy and the love triangle , arguing that romantic attraction arises primarily in the observed attraction between two others. A natural objection is that this is circular reasoning , but Girard means that
2040-478: A natural or casual cut that falls heavily to their shoulders. Their features, especially their eyes and mouths, are often widely spaced (e.g. Vesper Lynd, Gala Brand, Tiffany Case , Tatiana Romanova, Honey Ryder , Viv Michel, Mary Goodnight). Their eyes are usually blue (e.g. Vesper Lynd, Gala Brand, Tatiana Romanova, Honey Ryder, Tracy Bond , Mary Goodnight), and sometimes this is true to an unusual and striking degree: Tiffany Case's eyes are chatoyant , varying with
2142-457: A patient he meets in Blofeld's hideout while posing as a genealogist. In You Only Live Twice , Bond mainly has a relationship with Kissy Suzuki, but also romances Mariko Ichiban, as well as another girl. Several Bond girls have obvious signs of inner turmoil (Vesper Lynd or Vivienne Michel), and others have traumatic pasts. Most Bond girls whose characters are allowed to develop in the course of
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#17327873233342244-536: A real part of marriage. The marriages that did arise outside of arranged marriage were most often spontaneous relationships. In Ladies of the Leisure Class , Rutgers University professor Bonnie G. Smith depicts courtship and marriage rituals that may be viewed as oppressive to modern people. She writes, "When the young women of the Nord married, they did so without illusions of love and romance. They acted within
2346-486: A role in the film. However, there is plenty of evidence to the contrary, with several former Bond girls going on to have very high profile acting careers. Of the earlier actresses, Ursula Andress and Honor Blackman both had well regarded careers, and Jane Seymour —who was an unknown when she was cast in Live and Let Die (the opening credits read "Introducing Jane Seymour")—later won an Emmy Award for playing Maria Callas in
2448-559: A secret." Monica Bellucci in Spectre became the oldest Bond girl at the age of 50, although she stated that she does not consider herself to be a "Bond girl", but a "Bond woman". Roald Dahl said that when writing the script for You Only Live Twice , he was advised to use three Bond girls: The first should die "preferably in Bond's arms" early, the second a villain whom Bond seduces before she dies in an unusual and gory way midway, and
2550-452: A small measure of attraction reaches a critical point insofar as it is caught up in mimesis . Shakespeare's plays A Midsummer Night's Dream , As You Like It , and The Winter's Tale are the best known examples of competitive-induced romance. Girard's theory of mimetic desire is controversial because of its alleged sexism . This view has to some extent supplanted its predecessor, Freudian Oedipal theory. It may find some spurious support in
2652-418: A speech praising the deity Eros . When his turn comes, Aristophanes says in his mythical speech that sexual partners seek each other because they are descended from beings with spherical torsos, two sets of human limbs, genitalia on each side, and two faces back to back. Their three forms included the three permutations of pairs of gender (i.e. one masculine and masculine, another feminine and feminine, and
2754-503: A very general idea termed "the passions", and this general interest was distinct from the contemporary idea of "passionate" now equated with "romantic". Love was a central topic again in the subsequent movement of Romanticism , which focused on such things as absorption in nature and the absolute , as well as platonic and unrequited love in German philosophy and literature. French philosopher Gilles Deleuze linked this concept of love as
2856-500: A way that would parallel modern romance. Marriages were often arranged, but the wishes of those to be wed were considered, as affection was important to primitive tribes. In the majority of primitive societies studied by the anthropologists, the extramarital and premarital relations between men and women were completely free. The members of the temporary couples were sexually attracted to each other more than to anyone else, but in all other respects their relationships had not demonstrated
2958-509: Is a phenomenon unique to Western cultures and first expressed by the troubadours of the Middle Ages." The word "romance" is derived from the Latin adverb Romanice , meaning "in the vernacular," in reference to the languages Old French and Old Occitan . These languages were descendants of Latin , the language of the Romans . Evolutions of the word Romanice were used to refer first to
3060-497: Is a natural drive as powerful as hunger. Psychologist Karen Horney in her article "The Problem of the Monogamous Ideal", indicates that the overestimation of love leads to disillusionment; the desire to possess the partner results in the partner wanting to escape; and the friction against sex result in non-fulfillment. Disillusionment plus the desire to escape plus non-fulfillment result in a secret hostility, which causes
3162-640: Is closing in on her, by drowning in a lift in a building under renovation in Venice . With the exception of these two doomed Bond girls, it is never explained why Bond's love interest in one film is gone by the next, and is never mentioned or even alluded to again. This is not always the case in the novels, which do sometimes make references to the Bond girls who have appeared in previous books. Tiffany Case and Honey Ryder are revealed to have married other men (in From Russia With Love and The Man With
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3264-546: Is combined with strong character and emotions. Unrequited love is typical of the period of romanticism , but the term is distinct from any romance that might arise within it. Romantic love may also be classified according to two categories, "popular romance" and "divine or spiritual" romance: Greek philosophers and authors have had many theories of love. Some of these theories are presented in Plato 's Symposium . Six Athenian friends, including Socrates , drink wine and each give
3366-422: Is contrasted with platonic love , which in all usages precludes sexual relations, yet only in the modern usage does it take on a fully nonsexual sense, rather than the classical sense, in which sexual drives are sublimated. Unrequited love can be romantic in different ways: comic, tragic, or in the sense that sublimation itself is comparable to romance, where the spirituality of both art and egalitarian ideals
3468-434: Is equal to and challenges Bond, but he remains the heterosexual hero; they are depicted with Dalton and later Bonds and their cars and gadgets, implying that all are possessions that Bond can use and dispose. As of 2013, there had been only two films in which James Bond falls in love with the Bond girl. The first was On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969), in which Countess Tracy di Vicenzo ( Diana Rigg ) marries Bond but
3570-441: Is in her early to mid-twenties, roughly ten years younger than Bond, who seems to be perennially in his mid-thirties. Examples include Solitaire (25), Tatiana Romanova (24), Vivienne "Viv" Michel (23), and Kissy Suzuki (23). The youngest Bond girl (though she and Bond do not sleep together) may be Gala Brand ; she is named for the cruiser in which her father is serving at the time of her birth. Bond's youngest sexual partner in
3672-809: Is no such clear-cut trauma in Solitaire's early life, there are suggestions that she, too, avoids men because of their unwanted sexual advances in her past. Kissy Suzuki reports to Bond that during her brief career in Hollywood, when she was 17, "They thought that because I am Japanese I am some sort of an animal and that my body is for everyone." The implication is often that these violent episodes have turned these Bond girls against men, though upon encountering Bond they overcome their earlier antipathy and sleep with him not only willingly but eagerly. This trope reaches an extreme level in Goldfinger , where Pussy Galore
3774-502: Is popular for American people to successfully share feelings of romanticism with each other's partners. It describes American culture by stating: "The model is unique in that it combines passion with comfort and friendship as properties of romantic love." One of its main contributions is advising the reader that "For successful romantic love relations, a person would feel excited about meeting their beloved; make passionate and intimate love as opposed to only physical love; feel comfortable with
3876-790: Is portrayed as a lesbian when she first meets Bond, but at the end of the novel she sleeps with him. When, in bed, he says to her, "They told me you only liked women," she replies, "I never met a man before." In Fleming's novels, many Bond girls have some sort of independent job or even career, often one that was considered inappropriate for women in the 1950s. Lynd, Brand, Tatiana Romanova, Mary Ann Russell, and Mary Goodnight are in intelligence or law-enforcement work. Those who are criminals, such as Case and Galore, tend to be similarly independent-minded in how they approach their work—the latter even running her own syndicate. Even those Bond girls who have more conventional or glamorous jobs show themselves to be invested in having an independent outlook on life. While
3978-567: Is shot dead by Irma Bunt and Ernst Stavro Blofeld at the story's end. The second was Vesper Lynd ( Eva Green ) in Casino Royale (2006). Bond confesses his love to her and resigns from MI6 so that they can have a normal life together. He later learns that she had been a double agent working for his enemies. The enemy organisation Quantum had kidnapped her former lover and had been blackmailing her to secure her co-operation. She ends up actually falling in love with Bond, but dies, as Quantum
4080-488: Is some variation in dress, though: Bond girls have made their initial appearances in evening wear, in bra and panties and, on occasion, naked.) Most are white ; they often sport light though noticeable suntans (although a few, such as Solitaire, Tatiana Romanova, and Pussy Galore, are not only tanless but remarkably pale), and they generally use little or no makeup and no nail polish, also wearing their nails short. Their hair may be any colour, though they typically wear it in
4182-412: Is their pattern of sexually suggestive names, such as Pussy Galore. Names with less obvious meanings are sometimes explained in the novels. While Solitaire's real name is Simone Latrelle, she is known as Solitaire because she excludes men from her life; Gala Brand, as noted above, is named for her father's cruiser, HMS Galatea ; and Tiffany Case received her name from her father, who was so angry that she
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4284-578: Is there at this point, any display of affection between Isabella and the Duke, if by affection we mean something concerned with sexual attraction. The two at the end of the play love each other as they love virtue." In Romeo and Juliet , in saying "all combined, save what thou must combine By holy marriage", Romeo implies that it is not marriage with Juliet that he seeks but simply to be joined with her romantically. Kierkegaard addressed these ideas in works such as Either/Or and Stages on Life's Way : In
4386-434: Is true both of individuals and of nations. In times in which there were no difficulties standing in the way of sexual satisfaction, such as perhaps during the decline of the ancient civilizations, love became worthless and life empty." Some believe that romantic love evolved independently in multiple cultures. For example, in an article presented by Henry Grunebaum, he argues " therapists mistakenly believe that romantic love
4488-821: The German cruiser Deutschland and Italian destroyers. Later deployed in Alexandria , she remained on alert in course of the Italian invasion of Abissynia . In early to mid 1938 the vessel was on refit at Devonport . She was recommissioned for the Mediterranean, deployed at Malta and Alexandria. On 29 March 1939 in Gandia Galatea took on board the leader of the National Defence Council colonel Segismundo Casado and his entourage;
4590-589: The Nore Command as Flagship of the 2nd Cruiser Squadron . Arriving at Åndalsnes in late April with troops for the Norwegian campaign she returned to Rosyth with 200 crates, weighing 40 kilograms (88 lb) each, from the Norwegian national treasury. In June 1940 she was involved in the Operation Aerial evacuation of troops from Saint-Jean-de-Luz , France, including Sir Ronald Hugh Campbell ,
4692-411: The term romance originates with the medieval ideal of chivalry as set out in the literature of chivalric romance . People who experience little to no romantic attraction are referred to as aromantic . Bode & Kushnick undertook a comprehensive review of romantic love from a biological perspective in 2021. They considered the psychology of romantic love, its mechanisms, development across
4794-413: The Bond girls are clearly intended as sex objects , they are nevertheless portrayed in the novels as having a high degree of independence; this is also frequently (but not always) the case in the films. Most of the novels focus on one particular romance, as some of them do not begin until well into the novel ( Casino Royale is a good example). However, several exceptions have been made: In Goldfinger ,
4896-758: The British Ambassador to France. On 7 September 1940 the code word "Cromwell" was issued meaning that the Germans might land in Kent at dawn. During that night Galatea was sent to patrol the Straits of Dover but made no contact with the enemy. At dawn while returning to port she struck a naval mine off Sheerness and spent three months in dry dock . She remained with the Home Fleet (under refit, between October 1940 to January 1941) until May 1941, and
4998-537: The English language, used the word "love" with a completely different meaning as compared to that which is usual for the person brought up in the European culture. Donald S. Marshall: "Mangaian informants and co-workers were quite interested in the European concept of "love". English-speaking Mangaians had previously used the term only in a physical sense of sexual desire; to say, "I love you" in English to another person
5100-784: The Eon series, three actresses have made reappearances as different Bond girls: Martine Beswick and Nadja Regin both first appeared in From Russia with Love , and then appeared in Thunderball and Goldfinger , respectively. Maud Adams played Andrea Anders in The Man with the Golden Gun (1974) and the eponymous character in Octopussy (1983). If the non-Eon produced films, Casino Royale (1967) and Never Say Never Again (1983), are included, several other actresses have also been
5202-509: The French vernacular where initially it indicated a verse narrative . The word was originally an adverb of Latin origin, "romanicus", meaning "of the Roman style". European medieval vernacular tales, epics , and ballads generally dealt with chivalric adventure , not bringing in the concept of love until late into the seventeenth century. The word romance developed other meanings, such as
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#17327873233345304-499: The Golden Gun respectively), and in Doctor No , Bond briefly wonders about Solitaire. In John Gardner's novels continuing the franchise Bond girls begin to appear in more than one book, often picking up their relationships with Bond from before, and in one case continuing a romance through two consecutive titles. In Licence Renewed it is specifically noted in an epilogue that Bond and Lavender Peacock stopped seeing each other after
5406-487: The Masterton sisters are considered Bond girls (although Tilly is supposedly a lesbian), and after their deaths, Pussy Galore (also supposedly a lesbian) becomes the primary Bond girl. In Thunderball , Bond romances first Patricia Fearing, then later Domino Vitali . In On Her Majesty's Secret Service , Bond enters into a relationship and an eventual marriage with Teresa "Tracy" di Vicenzo, and sleeps with Ruby Windsor,
5508-598: The Romance languages and eventually also to the works composed in them. The genre of chivalric romance initially focused on the heroic military deeds of knights, which led to the use of the word romantic in the sense of chivalrous . As the genre evolved, starting after the Renaissance and especially in the Romantic period , it focused increasingly on love in the modern sense. The general idea of "romantic love" in
5610-642: The United Kingdom for their roles in the television series The Avengers . Teri Hatcher was already known for her role as Lois Lane in the television series Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman before she was cast in Tomorrow Never Dies . A few years after playing a Bond girl, she became one of the most highly paid actresses on television, starring in Desperate Housewives . Broccoli's original choice for
5712-525: The Western tradition is believed to have originated in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, primarily from that of the French culture. This idea is what has spurred the connection between the words "romantic" and "lover", thus coining English phrases for romantic love such as "loving like the Romans do". The precise origins of such a connection are unknown, however. Although the word "romance" or
5814-659: The afternoon they left the harbour with Galatea , her sister ship Arethusa and three destroyers. They were ordered to conduct a patrol in the North Sea and were later ordered to intercept German invasion groups heading for Norway. In April 1940 she was involved in the Norwegian Campaign , leaving on 25 April transporting part of the Norwegian National Treasury to Britain, and in May joined
5916-479: The beloved, behaving in a companionable, friendly way with one's partner; listen to the other's concerns, offering to help out in various ways if necessary; and, all the while, keeping a mental ledger of the degree to which altruism and passion are mutual." Shakespeare and Søren Kierkegaard share a similar viewpoint that marriage and romance are not harmoniously in tune with each other. In Shakespeare's Measure for Measure , for example, "...there has not been, nor
6018-531: The books is Mariko Ichiban, an 18-year-old masseuse in You Only Live Twice . The eldest Bond girls are Pussy Galore , who Bond speculates is in her early 30s, and 29-year-old Domino Vitali . Bond girls conform to a fairly well-defined standard of beauty. They possess splendid figures and tend to dress in a slightly masculine, assertive fashion, wear little jewellery—and that in a masculine cut—wide leather belts, and square-toed leather shoes. (There
6120-646: The characteristics of romantic love. In the book of Boris Shipov Theory of Romantic Love the corresponding evidences of anthropologists have been collected. Lewis H. Morgan : "the passion of love was unknown among the barbarians. They are below the sentiment, which is the offspring of civilization and super added refinement of love was unknown among the barbarians." Margaret Mead : "Romantic love as it occurs in our civilisation, inextricably bound up with ideas of monogamy, exclusiveness, jealousy and undeviating fidelity does not occur in Samoa." Bronislaw Malinowski : "Though
6222-468: The documentary was released as a gift with the purchase of Die Another Day on DVD. The featurette was included on the DVD release of Casino Royale (2006). Romantic interest The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Family Studies states that "Romantic love, based on the model of mutual attraction and on a connection between two people that bonds them as a couple, creates the conditions for overturning
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#17327873233346324-454: The early nineteenth century Spanish and Italian definitions of "adventurous" and "passionate", which could intimate both "love affair" and "idealistic quality". Anthropologists such as Claude Lévi-Strauss show that there were complex forms of courtship in ancient as well as contemporary primitive societies. There may not be evidence, however, that members of such societies formed loving relationships distinct from their established customs in
6426-873: The entire series; characters who often appear in these lists include Anya Amasova (from The Spy Who Loved Me , portrayed by Barbara Bach ); Pussy Galore (from Goldfinger , portrayed by Honor Blackman ); Contessa Teresa di Vicenzo (from On Her Majesty's Secret Service , portrayed by Diana Rigg ); and often ranked Number 1 on the list, Honey Ryder (from Dr. No , portrayed by Ursula Andress ). Entertainment Weekly put "Bond bathing suits" on its 2009 end-of-the-decade "best-of" list, saying, "And you thought spies were supposed to be inconspicuous! Halle Berry 's orange bikini in Die Another Day (2002) and Daniel Craig 's supersnug powder blue trunks in Casino Royale (2006) suggest that neither 007 star can keep
6528-614: The equivalents thereof may not have the same connotation in other cultures, the general idea of "romantic love" appears to have crossed cultures and been accepted as a concept at one point in time or another. The conception of romantic love was popularized in Western culture by the concept of courtly love . Knights of the Middle Ages were thought to have engaged in non-sexual relationships with women of nobility whom they served. These relations were highly elaborate and ritualized in
6630-428: The films preferring the designation Bond woman . Nearly all of Ian Fleming 's Bond novels and short stories include one or more female characters who can be said to qualify as Bond girls, most of whom have been adapted for the screen. While Fleming's Bond girls have some individual traits (at least in their literary forms), they also have a great many characteristics in common. One of these is age: The typical Bond girl
6732-498: The first Bond girl, although she was preceded by both Eunice Gayson as Sylvia Trench and Zena Marshall as Miss Taro in the same film. Goldfinger (1964), the third, established the Bond girl as regularly appearing in Bond films. There is no set rule on what kind of person a Bond girl will be or what role she will play. She may be an ally or an enemy of Bond, pivotal to the mission or simply there for her looks. There are female characters such as Judi Dench 's M , Camille Montes ,
6834-558: The first place, I find it comical that all men are in love and want to be in love, and yet one never can get any illumination upon the question what the lovable, i.e., the proper object of love, really is. In his 2008 book How to Make Good Decisions and Be Right All the Time , British writer Iain King tried to establish rules for romance applicable across most cultures. He concluded on six rules, including: Many theorists attempt to analyze
6936-477: The following day she sailed off and on 31 March Casado was transferred to the hospital ship Maine . After the outbreak of Second World War she was ordered home, and between February and March 1940 she took part in the operations to intercept Axis merchantmen attempting to break out of Vigo . On 4 April 1940, the Polish destroyers Burza , Grom and Błyskawica reached their new homebase Rosyth . In
7038-469: The greatest degree from the template, dressing in white leather doeskin sandals, appearing more tanned, sporting a soft Brigitte Bardot haircut, and giving no indication of widely spaced features. (The departure may be due to the unusual circumstances behind the writing of the novel Thunderball , in which Domino appears.) Even Domino, however, wears rather masculine jewellery. The best-known characteristic of Bond girls, apart from their uniform beauty,
7140-473: The hand of a maiden he loved. The Bemba were plainly bewildered, but remained silent. Finally an old chief spoke up, voicing the feelings of all present in the simplest of questions: "Why not take another girl?" he asked. The earliest recorded marriages in Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, and among Hebrews were used to secure alliances and produce offspring. It was not until the Middle Ages that love began to be
7242-460: The heterosexual population. Anthropologist and author Helen Fisher has argued that romantic love is a mammalian brain system evolved for selecting a preferred mating partner. Fisher's team has proposed that romantic love may have evolved around the time of bipedalism, when new mothers needed additional protection and provision while having to carry their young. A 2023 paper by Adam Bode has argued that while Fisher's evolutionary theory has been
7344-462: The idea of romantic love did not exist at all. Passionate individual attachments are evidently seen as threatening to tribal values and tribal authority." Dr. Audrey Richards, an anthropologist who lived among the Bemba of Northern Rhodesia in the 1930s, once related to a group of them an English folk-fable about a young prince who climbed glass mountains, crossed chasms, and fought dragons, all to obtain
7446-431: The individual that these two can produce, an objectification of its true nature corresponding to its aims. — World as Will and Representation , Volume 2, Chapter XLIV Later modern philosophers such as La Rochefoucauld , David Hume and Jean-Jacques Rousseau also focused on morality , but desire was central to French thought and Hume himself tended to adopt a French worldview and temperament. Desire in this milieu meant
7548-628: The keel being laid down on 2 June 1933. She was launched on 9 August 1934, and commissioned 14 August 1935. Galatea joined the Mediterranean Fleet on commissioning and except the period from March till September 1938 acted as flagship, Rear Admiral (Destroyers) . Based in Malta , upon the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War she was active in joint patrols enforcing the non-intervention policy , periodically in co-operation with
7650-442: The life course, it serves mate choice , courtship , sex , and pair-bonding functions. It is a suite of adaptations and by-products that arose sometime during the recent evolutionary history of humans. Anthropologist Charles Lindholm defined love as "any intense attraction that involves the idealization of the other, within an erotic context, with expectation of enduring sometime into the future". The word "romance" comes from
7752-456: The lifespan, functions, and evolutionary history. Based on the content of that review, they proposed a biological definition of romantic love: Romantic love is a motivational state typically associated with a desire for long-term mating with a particular individual. It occurs across the lifespan and is associated with distinctive cognitive, emotional, behavioral, social, genetic, neural, and endocrine activity in both sexes. Throughout much of
7854-419: The light from grey to grey-blue, while Pussy Galore has deep violet eyes, the only truly violet eyes that Bond had ever seen. The first description of a Bond girl, Casino Royale ' s Vesper Lynd , is almost a template for the typical dress as well as the general appearance of later Bond girls; she sports nearly all of the features discussed above. In contrast, Dominetta "Domino" Vitali arguably departs to
7956-525: The main villain or his henchmen. In addition to the Eon Productions films, there have been two Bond films produced by independent studios and one television production. The roles are not as easily categorized. In 2002, former Bond girl Maryam d'Abo co-wrote the book Bond Girls Are Forever : The Women of James Bond . This book later became a DVD exclusive documentary featuring d'Abo and other Bond girls, including Ursula Andress. In some locations,
8058-483: The model of family and marriage that it engenders." This indicates that romantic love can be the founding of attraction between two people. This term was primarily used by the "western countries after the 1800s were socialized into, love is the necessary prerequisite for starting an intimate relationship and represents the foundation on which to build the next steps in a family." Alternatively, Collins Dictionary describes romantic love as "an intensity and idealization of
8160-472: The mutual love of the spouses. The whole nature of strict monogamian marriage under male domination ruled this out." Sigmund Freud stated, "It can easily be shown that the psychical value of erotic needs is reduced as soon as their satisfaction becomes easy. An obstacle is required in order to heighten libido; and where natural resistances to satisfaction have not been sufficient men have at all times erected conventional ones so as to be able to enjoy love. This
8262-580: The novels On Her Majesty's Secret Service and You Only Live Twice as Bond's secretary, before becoming a full-fledged Bond girl in The Man With the Golden Gun . The role of a Bond girl, as it has evolved in the films, is typically a high-profile part that can sometimes give a major boost to the career of unestablished actresses, although a number of Bond girls were well-established beforehand. For instance, Diana Rigg and Honor Blackman were both cast as Bond girls after they had already become stars in
8364-410: The other of one's attractions, constitutes the ideals of what we consider to be true romantic love. Mimesis is always the desire to possess, in renouncing it we offer ourselves as a sacrificial gift to the other. Mimetic desire is often challenged by feminists , such as Toril Moi , who argue that it does not account for the woman as inherently desired. Though the centrality of rivalry is not itself
8466-514: The other partner to feel alienated. Secret hostility in one and secret alienation in the other cause the partners to secretly hate each other. This secret hate often leads one or the other or both to seek love objects outside the marriage or relationship. HMS Galatea (71) HMS Galatea was an Arethusa -class light cruiser of the Royal Navy . She was built by Scotts Shipbuilding & Engineering Co. ( Greenock , Scotland ), with
8568-615: The predominant one for 25 years, romantic love could be better explained by evolutionary co-option of the systems for mother-infant bonding. Fisher likens romantic love to mammalian courtship attraction, but Bode argues courtship attraction is separate. In F. Engels book, The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State : "monogamy was the only known form of the family under which modern sex love could develop, it does not follow that this love developed, or even predominantly, within it as
8670-418: The process of romantic love. Anthropologist Helen Fisher , in her book Why We Love , uses brain scans to show that love is the product of a chemical reaction in the brain. Norepinephrine and dopamine , among other brain chemicals, are responsible for excitement and bliss in humans as well as non-human animals. Fisher uses MRI to study the brain activity of a person "in love" and she concludes that love
8772-425: The rise of romantic love more or less coincided with the emergence of the novel . It was then that romantic love, associated with freedom and therefore the ideals of romantic love, created the ties between freedom and self-realization . David R. Shumway states that "the discourse of intimacy" emerged in the last third of the 20th century, intended to explain how marriage and other relationships worked, and making
8874-541: The role of Domino Derval was Julie Christie following her performance in Billy Liar in 1963. It seems he was disappointed when he met her so instead he considered Raquel Welch after seeing her on the cover of the October 1964 issue of Life magazine. Welch, however, was hired by Richard Zanuck of 20th Century Fox to appear in the film Fantastic Voyage the same year instead. French actress Claudine Auger
8976-690: The second film. After the series was rebooted, Moneypenny was re-introduced in Skyfall (2012) as an agent assisting Bond in his mission and her characterisation was closer to that of a Bond girl; following her demotion at the end of Skyfall , the character returned for the next film, Spectre (2015), as M's personal assistant, and the characterisation of Moneypenny was closer to that of the original series. Léa Seydoux , who played Madeleine Swann in Spectre , reprised her role in No Time to Die (2021). In
9078-490: The social code does not favour romance, romantic elements and imaginative personal attachments are not altogether absent in Trobriand courtship and marriage." The phenomenon which B. Malinowski calls love, actually has very little in common with the European love: "Thus there is nothing roundabout in a Trobriand wooing; nor do they seek full personal relations, with sexual possession only as a consequence. Simply and directly
9180-442: The specific case that emotional closeness is much more important than passion , with intimacy and romance coexisting. One example of the changes experienced in relationships in the early 21st century was explored by Giddens regarding homosexual relationships. According to Giddens, since homosexuals were not able to marry, they were forced to pioneer more open and negotiated relationships. These kinds of relationships then permeated
9282-483: The story are flawed, and several have unhappy sexual backgrounds (Ryder, Galore, Case, Michel, and Suzuki, among others). The inspiration for all of Fleming's Bond girls may be his onetime lover Muriel Wright, who according to The Times : has a claim to be the fons et origo of the species: pliant and undemanding, beautiful but innocent, outdoorsy, physically tough, implicitly vulnerable and uncomplaining, and then tragically dead, before or soon after marriage. Wright
9384-430: The supposed attraction of women to aggressive men. As a technique of attraction, often combined with irony, it is sometimes advised that one feign toughness and disinterest, but it can be a trivial or crude idea to promulgate to men, and it is not given with much understanding of mimetic desire in mind. Instead, cultivating a spirit of self-sacrifice, coupled with an attitude of appreciation or contemplation, directed towards
9486-467: The third masculine and feminine) and they were split by the gods to thwart the creatures' assault on heaven, recapitulated, according to the comic playwright, in other myths such as the Aloadae . This story is relevant to modern romance partly because of the image of reciprocity it shows between the sexes. In the final speech before Alcibiades arrives, Socrates gives his encomium of love and desire as
9588-623: The third survives to the end of the film. In several, the Bond girl is revealed, after her tryst with Bond, to be a villainess. Examples are Fatima Blush ( Barbara Carrera ) in Never Say Never Again (1983), Elektra King ( Sophie Marceau ) in The World Is Not Enough (1999), and Miranda Frost ( Rosamund Pike ) in Die Another Day (2002). The Dalton films of the 1980s introduced the "Bond woman", who
9690-419: The time they meet Bond. Quite often those previous experiences have not been positive, and many Bond girls have had sexual violence inflicted on them in the past, causing them to feel alienated from all men—until Bond comes along. Tiffany Case was gang-raped as a teenager; Honey Ryder was beaten and raped as a teenager by a drunken acquaintance. Pussy Galore was sexually abused at age 12 by her uncle. While there
9792-530: The union between husband and wife. Courtly love did not necessarily refer to those engaging in sexual acts. It may also have referred to caring and emotional intimacy. The bond between a knight and his Lady , or the woman of typically high stature of whom he served, may in some cases have been one such example. Religious meditations upon the Virgin Mary were partially responsible for the development of chivalry as an ethic and lifestyle. A lady's honor and
9894-410: The up-and-coming actress Eva Green was cast as Vesper Lynd, and won BAFTA 's Rising Star Award for her performance. Prior to the series being rebooted in 2006 with Casino Royale , Sylvia Trench was the only Bond girl character to appear in more than one film ( Dr. No in 1962 and From Russia with Love in 1963). She was meant to be Bond's regular girlfriend, but was dropped after her appearance in
9996-445: Was 26 and "exceptionally beautiful" when she and Fleming met in 1935. A talented rider, skier, and polo player, Wright was independently wealthy and a model. She was devoted to Fleming, despite his repeated unfaithfulness. She died in an air raid in 1944, devastating Fleming, who called Wright "too good to be true". Ursula Andress (as Honey Ryder ) in Dr. No (1962) is widely regarded as
10098-548: Was involved in hunting the German battleship Bismarck . In July 1941 she joined the Mediterranean Fleet via the Red Sea , and by November was based at Malta with Force "K", operating against the Axis supply convoys to North Africa . On 15 December 1941 before midnight Galatea was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine U-557 off Alexandria, Egypt with the loss of 470 crew. Some 100 survivors were picked up by
10200-662: Was not a boy that he gave her mother a thousand dollars and a compact from Tiffany's and then walked out on her. Fleming's penchant for double-entendre names began with the first Bond novel Casino Royale . Conjecture is widespread that the name of the Bond girl in that novel, "Vesper Lynd," was intended to be a pun on "West Berlin," signifying Vesper's divided loyalties as a double agent under Soviet control. Several Bond girls, however, have normal names (e.g. Mary Ann Russell, Judy Havelock, Viv Michel, Tracy Bond (née Teresa Draco, aka Contessa Teresa di Vicenzo). Most Bond girls are apparently (and sometimes expressly) sexually experienced by
10302-490: Was tantamount to saying, "I want to copulate with you." The components of affection and companionship, which may characterize the European use of the term, puzzled the Mangaians when we discussed the term." "The principal findings that one can draw from an analysis of emotional components of sexual relationship feelings on Mangaia are: Nathaniel Branden claims that by virtue of "the tribal mentality," "in primitive cultures
10404-483: Was ultimately cast in the role. Thunderball launched Auger into a successful European film career but did little for her in the United States. The producers encountered difficulty in casting the female lead in Casino Royale (2006), due to the perception among many leading actresses that appearing in a James Bond film could hinder their careers. Catherine Zeta Jones was one of several actresses who declined
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