Bondowoso Regency is a landlocked regency in East Java , Indonesia . It covers an area of 1,560.10 km, and had a population of 736,772 at the 2010 Census and 776,151 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 796,911 (comprising 390,308 males and 406,603 females). The most common languages are Madurese and Javanese , although Madurese is the majority. The nearest large city is Surabaya , approximately five hour's drive away.
23-458: The administrative centre of the regency is the provincial town of Bondowoso , after which the regency is named. Common in most provincial towns is a park in the city centre, called "Alun-Alun"; Bondowoso is no exception. In the backdrop of the park is a view of a mountain ("gunung"). Tourist spots include Kawah Ijen , a crater lake. Kawah Ijen is managed jointly by two local governments, Bondowoso Regency and Banyuwangi Regency . A hike or climb to
46-446: A one-kilometre-wide (0.62 mi) turquoise-coloured acidic crater lake . The lake is the site of a labour-intensive sulfur mining operation, in which sulfur-laden baskets are carried by hand from the crater floor. The work is paid well considering the cost of living in the area, but is very onerous. Workers earn around US$ 13 per day and, once out of the crater, still need to carry their loads of sulfur chunks about three kilometers to
69-431: A small rubber boat out onto the acid lake to measure its acidity. The pH of the water at the lake's edges was measured to be 0.5 and in the middle of the lake 0.13 due to a high concentration of sulfuric acid . Since National Geographic mentioned the electric-blue flame of Ijen, tourist numbers have increased. The phenomenon has long been known, but midnight hiking tours are a more recent offering. A two-hour hike
92-459: A volume of 36 cubic hectometres (29,000 acre⋅ft). The lake is recognised as the largest highly acidic crater lake in the world. It is also a source for the river Banyupahit, resulting in highly acidic and metal-enriched river water which has a significant detrimental effect on the downstream river ecosystem. During a scientific expedition in 2001, the pH of the lake was measured at <0.3. On July 14–15, 2008, explorer George Kourounis took
115-449: Is a group of composite volcanoes located on the border between Banyuwangi Regency and Bondowoso Regency of East Java , Indonesia . It is known for its blue fire, acidic crater lake, and labour-intensive sulfur mining. It is inside an eponymous larger caldera Ijen, which is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) wide. The Gunung Merapi stratovolcano is the highest point of that complex. The name "Gunung Merapi" means 'mountain of fire' in
138-533: Is a landlocked regency in East Java , Indonesia . It covers an area of 1,560.10 km , and had a population of 736,772 at the 2010 Census and 776,151 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 796,911 (comprising 390,308 males and 406,603 females). The most common languages are Madurese and Javanese , although Madurese is the majority. The nearest large city is Surabaya , approximately five hour's drive away. The administrative centre of
161-492: Is in Dallol Mountain, Ethiopia . An active vent at the edge of the lake is a source of elemental sulfur and supports a mining operation. Escaping volcanic gases are channeled through a network of ceramic pipes, resulting in condensation of molten sulfur. The sulfur, which is deep red when molten, pours slowly from the ends of these pipes and pools on the ground, turning bright yellow as it cools. The miners break
184-491: Is required to reach the rim of the crater, followed by a 45-minute hike down to the bank of the crater. The blue fire is ignited sulfuric gas, which emerges from cracks at temperatures up to 600 °C (1,112 °F). The flames can be up to five meters (16 feet) high; some of the gas condenses to liquid and is still ignited. Ijen is the largest blue flame area in the world. Local people refer to it as Api Biru (Blue Fire). The other location at which blue fire can be seen
207-807: Is the batu kenong with a shape resembling a local musical instrument. The Bondowoso Regency contains up to 400 batu kenong, the highest concentration in Indonesia. An easily accessible location with a wide variety of megaliths is the Pekauman Site at kilometer 8 on the Jember-Bondowoso road. Bondowoso has a tropical monsoon climate (Am) with moderate to little rainfall from May to October and heavy to very heavy rainfall from November to April. 7°56′25″S 113°59′00″E / 7.9404°S 113.9834°E / -7.9404; 113.9834 Kawah Ijen The Ijen volcano complex
230-608: Is the batu kenong with a shape resembling a local musical instrument. The Bondowoso Regency contains up to 400 batu kenong, the highest concentration in Indonesia. An easily accessible location with a wide variety of megaliths is the Pekauman Site at kilometer 8 on the Jember-Bondowoso road. Bondowoso has a tropical monsoon climate (Am) with moderate to little rainfall from May to October and heavy to very heavy rainfall from November to April. 7°56′25″S 113°59′00″E / 7.9404°S 113.9834°E / -7.9404; 113.9834 Bondowoso Bondowoso Regency
253-549: The desa of Pengarang, which has a postcode of 68271. (b) including one kelurahan (the district administrative centre). (c) comprises 7 kelurahan (Badean, Blindungan, Dabasah, Kademangan, Kota Kulon, Nangkaan and Tamansari) and 4 desa . (d) except for the desa of Grujugan, which has a postcode of 68261. There are more than 1000 megalithic artifacts found in the villages around Bondowoso, such as menhirs (standing stones), sarcophagi, statues, dolmens (lying stones or tomb tables), and caves. A common megalith type found in Indonesia
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#1732782374881276-549: The desa of Pengarang, which has a postcode of 68271. (b) including one kelurahan (the district administrative centre). (c) comprises 7 kelurahan (Badean, Blindungan, Dabasah, Kademangan, Kota Kulon, Nangkaan and Tamansari) and 4 desa . (d) except for the desa of Grujugan, which has a postcode of 68261. There are more than 1000 megalithic artifacts found in the villages around Bondowoso, such as menhirs (standing stones), sarcophagi, statues, dolmens (lying stones or tomb tables), and caves. A common megalith type found in Indonesia
299-646: The Indonesian language; Mount Merapi in central Java and Marapi in Sumatra have the same etymology. Ijen Geopark stretches across the entire regency which is specifically in the Mount Ijen area, Pulau Merah Beach, and Alas Purwo National Park. It has various geological, biological, and cultural sites. It became part of UNESCO Global Geoparks in 2023. West of Gunung Merapi is the Ijen volcano, which has
322-456: The area for some time, since before the Dutch occupation. They live in a place called "Kampung Arab" (Arabs Compound) on Imam Bonjol Street. The Regency is divided into twenty-three districts ( kecamatan ), tabulated below with their areas and their population totals from the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as of mid 2023. The former Sempol District , in
345-400: The area for some time, since before the Dutch occupation. They live in a place called "Kampung Arab" (Arabs Compound) on Imam Bonjol Street. The Regency is divided into twenty-three districts ( kecamatan ), tabulated below with their areas and their population totals from the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as of mid 2023. The former Sempol District , in
368-434: The cooled material into large pieces and carry it away in baskets. Miners carry loads ranging from 75 to 90 kilograms (165 to 198 lb) up 300 metres (980 ft) to the crater rim, with a gradient of 45 to 60 degrees, and then 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) down the mountain for weighing. Most miners make this journey twice a day. A nearby sulfur refinery pays the miners by the weight of sulfur transported; as of September 2010,
391-730: The crater takes around 1-2 hours. In addition to the crater, other tourist destinations in Bondowoso are Tancak Kembar in Pakem and Air Terjun Belawan Sempol. Other spots are Gunung Merapi and waterfalls. Bondowoso town is known for its dessert, " tape " (pronounced "tah-peh"), to the extent that it is named "Tape city". Tape is made from cassava wrapped inside banana leaves to be fermented with fermentation starter which contains yeast (mainly Saccharomyces cerevisiae ), mold (such as Aspergillus sp.), and bacteria (such as Acetobacter sp.) There has been an Arabic community living in
414-619: The crater takes around 1-2 hours. In addition to the crater, other tourist destinations in Bondowoso are Tancak Kembar in Pakem and Air Terjun Belawan Sempol. Other spots are Gunung Merapi and waterfalls. Bondowoso town is known for its dessert, " tape " (pronounced "tah-peh"), to the extent that it is named "Tape city". Tape is made from cassava wrapped inside banana leaves to be fermented with fermentation starter which contains yeast (mainly Saccharomyces cerevisiae ), mold (such as Aspergillus sp.), and bacteria (such as Acetobacter sp.) There has been an Arabic community living in
437-593: The far southeast of the regency, which contains the crater lake of Kawah Ijen , has been renamed Ijen District ; unlike the rest of the regency, which lies on the other side of the Ijen Mountain Range, it drains towards the Bali Strait . The table also includes the locations of the district headquarters the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 209 rural desa and 10 urban kelurahan ), and its postcodes. Notes: (a) except for
460-464: The far southeast of the regency, which contains the crater lake of Kawah Ijen , has been renamed Ijen District ; unlike the rest of the regency, which lies on the other side of the Ijen Mountain Range, it drains towards the Bali Strait . The table also includes the locations of the district headquarters the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 209 rural desa and 10 urban kelurahan ), and its postcodes. Notes: (a) except for
483-428: The nearby Paltuding Valley to get paid. Many other post-caldera cones and craters are located within the caldera or along its rim. The largest concentration of post-caldera cones runs east–west across the southern side of the caldera. The active crater at Kawah Ijen has a diameter of 722 metres (2,369 ft) and a surface area of 0.41 square kilometres (0.16 sq mi). It is 200 metres (660 ft) deep and has
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#1732782374881506-429: The regency is the provincial town of Bondowoso , after which the regency is named. Common in most provincial towns is a park in the city centre, called "Alun-Alun"; Bondowoso is no exception. In the backdrop of the park is a view of a mountain ("gunung"). Tourist spots include Kawah Ijen , a crater lake. Kawah Ijen is managed jointly by two local governments, Bondowoso Regency and Banyuwangi Regency . A hike or climb to
529-417: The typical daily earnings were equivalent to approximately $ 13 US. The miners often receive insufficient protection while working around the volcano and complain of numerous respiratory afflictions. There are 200 miners, who extract 14 tons per day — about 20% of the continuous daily deposit. Ijen and its sulfur mining was featured in the 1991 IMAX film Ring of Fire , and as a topic on the 5th episode of
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