Misplaced Pages

#704295

70-541: Bonython Park is a 17-hectare park in the north-west Park Lands of the South Australian capital of Adelaide . The park was opened in 1962 and named in honour of prominent South Australian politician and journalist, Sir John Langdon Bonython . It is situated on the north-western side of the River Torrens , bordered by Port Road . It is on the opposite side of the river to a golf course, and adjacent to

140-485: A plan that included 700 acres (2.8 km ) south of the River Torrens and 342 acres (1.38 km ) north of the river. In addition, he included 38 acres (0.15 km ) of city squares: Hindmarsh , Hurtle , Light , Whitmore and Wellington Squares (each comprising six acres), Victoria Square (eight acres), four one-acre Public Reserves (with frontages to Victoria Square), and 2,300 acres (9.3 km ) for

210-476: A police sub-inspector, as Keeper of the Park Lands. Bull led an initial team of six park rangers, most being convalescent migrants thrown on government support. This dropped to two by 1840, then back to four by June 1841. Pay and rations were provided by the police department. Since 1852, the areas of the Park Lands placed in the custodianship of the municipal corporation have been managed and maintained by

280-504: A school opened, supported by Governor George Gawler , but the site was dismantled in 1845, on the orders of Governor George Grey , who thought it best to take the children away from their parents, and a new "Native School" run by the government, which taught only in English, was established near what is now Kintore Avenue . (The Native School closed in 1851, with the remaining children were taken to Poonindie Mission at Port Lincoln on

350-547: A type of reserve , so that the rest of the land could be systematically colonised. However, it became very important for the history and later study of the Kaurna language. In October 1838 two German missionaries , Christian Teichelmann and Clamor Schürmann (and later Samuel Klose ) arrived, setting themselves first up at the "Old Location" on the southern side, studying the Kaurna language and teaching in that language. This

420-419: Is a significant example of early colonial planning which has retained key elements of its historical layout for over one hundred and seventy years. The 1837 Adelaide Plan attributed to Colonel William Light and the establishment of Adelaide marks a significant turning point in the settlement of Australia." In the 2010s, about 25% of the Park Lands are the location of government, public and cultural buildings. Of

490-467: Is also the location of a stop on the Glenelg tram line . Adelaide Park Lands Over the years there has been constant encroachment on the Park Lands by the state government and others. Soon after their declaration in 1837, 370 acres (150 ha) "were lost to 'Government Reserves'". In 1902, The Herald noted that a total area of 489 acres (198 ha) had been taken from park lands. In 2018,

560-666: Is currently discredited. He believed race relations have a universal pattern: when races come into contact, at first they are hostile, but thaw over time. However, Park only conducted minimal studies related to it and did not examine its validity across ethnic groups to ensure its accuracy in representing reality. The cycle was postulated to be driven by subjective attitudes that members of races feel toward other races. The steps in Park's cycle were contact, competition, accommodation, and assimilation . Park's students tested his ideas by studying communities of Chinese and Japanese origin living in

630-614: Is formed by Park Tce. It Contains the Adelaide Golf Links . The history of Park 1 is bound up with that of Park 27 and Bonython Park, after a succession of Protectors of Aborigines first set up a "Native Location", of which elements moved between the north and south sides of the River Torrens. Bromley's Camp, the first of these, was established in April 1837 on the south side of the river by Captain Walter Bromley ,

700-773: Is not because of some naturally inherent racial animosity but is deeply rooted in the way societal systems are or the society is organized and structured. In 2020, the world witnessed the murder of George Floyd , an African American man, by Derek Chauvin, a white police officer, in a live-streamed video. This event triggered a significant shift in the US and around the world, leading to a new awareness and consciousness about race relations. The dominant culture started engaging in discussions about racial justice and anti-racist practices, as well as seeking ways to understand and address racial issues. The need to reduce negative race relations practices and promote racial justice became more apparent after

770-546: Is seen as one of the steps to counteract the effects of past discrimination and create a more level playing field where dominant racist social structures are present. This allows underrepresented groups to have access to the same opportunities, presence, and benefits as others. The goal is to correct the imbalances caused by historical discrimination, to interrupt the cycle of culturally reproduced discrimination, and foster greater inclusion and diversity in society. The concept of race relations became institutionally significant in

SECTION 10

#1732790795705

840-928: The South Australian Colonist in the following year. William Cawthorne, a frequent visitor and close friend of Kadlitpina ("Captain Jack"), loved the Kaurna Palti " corroboree " and their material culture, and was responsible for recording many names of artefacts. His Rough Notes on the Manners and Customs of the Natives , written in 1844, was published in the 1925-26 Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia (SA Branch) . Moorhouse, Protector from 1839 until 1857, lived at Pirltawardli and worked closely with

910-780: The Adelaide City Council and subsequently no longer pursued by the South Australian Government . In December 2006 the state government passed the Adelaide Park Lands Act 2005 , which established the Adelaide Park Lands Authority and a series of statutory protections for the Park Lands. At the time the Act was proclaimed, Premier Mike Rann announced that a major return of alienated Park Lands would be made at

980-478: The Adelaide City Council drew up a Reconciliation Vision Statement in 1997, they committed to a dual naming project, working with Kaurna Warra Pintyanthi , a Kaurna language project run by the University of Adelaide in collaboration with Kaurna advisors. The dual naming covers the city centre and North Adelaide , including the six public squares and Adelaide park lands . Erection of signs in each of

1050-472: The Adelaide City Council . Public use of the Park Lands was controlled by a ranger who patrolled the parks, regulating sporting and recreational activities in the parks and supervising the depasturing of stock grazing there. A variety of now absent wildlife was still present in the Park Lands in the late 1800s, with the Greater Bilby reported as still being numerous in 1890. The former prevalence of

1120-732: The Australian National Heritage List as "an enduring treasure for the people of South Australia and the nation as a whole". In fact, large areas of the Adelaide Park Lands along the north side of the complete length of North Tce, and along the north side of Port Road from West Terrace to the Thebarton Police Barracks, (in Parks 11 , 12 , 26 and 27 ), and also the rail reserves, (in Parks 25 , 26 and 27 ), were excluded from

1190-586: The Chicago Commission on Race Relations . This was composed entirely of men, six African Americans and six European Americans Sociologist Everett Hughes published a collection of Park's articles in 1950, seven years after Park's death. The beginnings of the civil rights movement in the 1950s caused interest in the study of race, and Park's work became a founding text in the emerging field named "race relations." Because race relations model imagined steady progress of whites, it failed to predict

1260-496: The Eyre Peninsula . A few people continued to camp near the house of Klose, the only remaining missionary, at the site known as Pirltawardli. In 1846 the government build some brick sheds in part of this area, and also across the river behind the new Adelaide Gaol . One was for the "Murray tribe", who had moved to the area, and a smaller number of sheds for what was left of the " Adelaide tribe ". Pirltawardli, just across

1330-540: The Schützenfest (a German shooting festival), the former Skyshow fireworks display, and various music festivals including Soundwave , Stereosonic and the Big Day Out . It is also the location of various visiting circuses, including Cirque du Soleil . The Bonython Park Adventure Playspace, a kiosk), a model boat pond, open kick/play fields, a junior playground and multi-barbecue stations are available for

1400-542: The United Kingdom through the establishment of the Department of Social Anthropology under the leadership of Kenneth Little at the University of Edinburgh . The Institute of Race Relations was established in 1958. Its remit was to research, publish and collect resources on race relations across the world. However, in 1972, the membership of the institute supported the staff in the radical transformation of

1470-545: The "Aboriginal Location". It was probably a campsite used by the Kaurna, and may have had some importance for ceremonies. This site is now within the area of the Par 3 golf course adjoining the North Adelaide Golf Links, and is marked by a memorial plaque at the carpark by the weir, erected on 26 May 2000. Pirltawodli was designed by the colonial government to keep Aboriginal people confined and settled in

SECTION 20

#1732790795705

1540-410: The "Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout National Heritage Place" listing. 34°54′S 138°36′E  /  34.9°S 138.6°E  / -34.9; 138.6 Adelaide is a planned city , and the Adelaide Park Lands are an integral part of Colonel William Light 's 1837 plan. Light chose a site spanning the River Torrens (known as Yatala by the Kaurna people ), and planned the city to fit

1610-683: The "Old Location", studying the Kaurna language and teaching in that language. This was the first mission in South Australia. In 1839 the Native Location was moved again, across to the north side of the river, on what is now part of the Par 3 golf course. This was called the Pirltawardli (now the second name for Park 1 of the Park Lands), which means "possum place", also known as the "Aboriginal Location". In December 1840

1680-674: The 1960s, the prevailing understanding of race relations was underdeveloped and was acknowledged by sociologists for its failure to predict the anti-racist struggles. It was critiqued for being explicitly used to give an explanation of violence connected to race. The use of paradigm was criticized for overlooking the power differential between races, implying that the source of violence is disharmony rather than racist power structures. Race relations are divided into positive and negative. Positive or good race relations promote equality, empathy, and inclusivity, while negative race relations generate tension , conflict, and social divisions. Detractors of

1750-624: The Colonization Commissioners for South Australia authorised South Australia's Resident Commissioner to purchase the Adelaide Park Lands, and these instructions were carried out in South Australia in 1839. By 1839 the Park Lands were threatened by extensive timber cutting, rubbish dumping, brick-making, quarrying, squatting, and grazing. To check this, a body of special constables was instituted on 9 October 1839 by George Gawler and Superintendent Henry Inman . Inman appointed Nick Boys Bull ( c.  1800 -1846), formerly

1820-492: The George Floyd incident. Efforts were reinforced to ensure equality, dismantle systemic racism, and address historical and present-day discrimination that affects marginalized racial and ethnic groups. To rectify the impacts of past and ongoing racial disparities, specific policies and practices like affirmative action gained importance. Affirmative action is not considered as a solution to negative race relations, but it

1890-634: The Greening of Adelaide tree planting and replacement programs. In the early 2000s there were proposals to redevelop Park16 (Victoria Park), with the construction of a grandstand to cater for the Clipsal 500 and horse racing events. Due to lobbying by local resident groups, the Adelaide Park Lands Preservation Association, the media and many residents of greater Adelaide, this plan was eventually rejected by

1960-541: The Park Lands an unsightly appearance. In the late 19th century John Ednie Brown, the government's Conservator of Forests, was commissioned by the City Council to prepare a blueprint for the beautification of the Park Lands. Brown presented his Report in 1880, but it was not acted upon until the turn of the 20th century when A.W. Pelzer became the City Gardener. Major progress was made in planting and landscaping

2030-581: The Park Lands coincide with the survey section boundaries that gave rise to council's numbering (from "Park 1" to "Park 29"). The numbering, which starts in the North Park Lands (at the Adelaide Golf Links ), and increases clockwise around the perimeter, was applied in September 1882. Some of the parks are more commonly known by a commemorative name (e.g. Rymill Park ), but others, such as Park 10 , are still known mostly by their number. Since

2100-501: The Park Lands during his tenure (1899–1932) and further improvements such as creation of new gardens and boating lakes were carried under the authority of William Veale , the Town Clerk (1947–1965). In July 2007 part of the Adelaide Park Lands and City of Adelaide layout (North and South Adelaide) were granted National Heritage Listing status. The first remarks on the assessor's report were: "The Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout

2170-723: The Park Lands. Adelaide's characteristic geometrical grid pattern is not unique: apart from earlier precedents going back to ancient Greece, it follows part of a series of rules created by Spanish planners for their colonial cities, known as the "Law of the Indies". They included the grid pattern with a main thoroughfare, centred around a main square. There are many historical precedents for five squares, including Philadelphia in America , designed in 1682 by surveyor Thomas Holme . There are however no records showing that Light deliberately copied any cities or rules for planning. In 1838

Bonython Park - Misplaced Pages Continue

2240-521: The United States and found that, contrary to Park's theory, adopting white culture did not lead to acceptance by white Americans . However, Park did not discard his theory in spite of the failures to verify it. In 1919, white residents of Chicago instigated the mass murder of black residents, an event known as the Chicago race riot of 1919 . After this violent event, city authorities established

2310-431: The community tree planting efforts in the locality. Nantu Wama 'horse plain' or 'male grey kangaroo plain' One of Lefevre Park's borders is Lefevre Terrace; Sir J G Shaw-Lefevre (1797–1879), a British barrister, Whig politician and civil servant, was one of South Australia's colonisation commissioners. Race relations Race relations is a sociological concept that emerged in Chicago in connection with

2380-661: The east end of Park 25 has been used by the South Australian Cricket Association for the development of the Karen Rolton Oval and associated facilities including car parking. Although it is a single park, for management purposes the Adelaide City Council has used the last two digits of survey sections as labels to identify smaller areas within the Adelaide Park Lands. In some, but not all, cases, roadways crossing over

2450-402: The first settlers arrived and the establishment of a Christian mission in the following year. There is some evidence to suggest that there was a billabong on the site, used as a fishing spot for the Kaurna people prior to European settlement . Following the arrival of European settlers from 1837, right through to 1914, it was used as a watering place for cattle. The site of Bonython Park

2520-572: The late 1800s, Nobel Prize winners and University of Adelaide academics Sir William Henry Bragg and his son, Sir William Lawrence Bragg , lived nearby. Of irregular shape, the park is bounded by Robe Terrace (NE), Medindie Road (SE), Lefevre Road (W) and Main North Road (NW). Contains two small ovals, surrounded by wooded park. There is also a Tree Planting Memorial, erected in 1982 by the North Adelaide Society, to recognise

2590-640: The loss is about 568 acres (230 ha). The part of the Park Lands not in the "Government Reserves" have been managed and maintained by the Adelaide City Council since 1852, and since February 2007, the Adelaide Park Lands Authority has advised council and government. On 7 November 2008 the Federal Minister for Environment, Heritage and the Arts, Peter Garrett , announced that the Adelaide Park Lands had been entered in

2660-420: The many problems between different races in this country is a slightly disingenuous, because even though racism is not a one way street, there is definitely a glaring difference in the way this country treats certain races. Softening the reality of our world leads to ignorance, and racism is rooted from hatred and ignorance by large. Reconciliation is a term used in truth and reconciliation commissions around

2730-584: The missionaries, other Europeans such as William Wyatt , William Williams , William Cawthorne and Matthew Moorhouse wrote about the "Adelaide Tribe" in their memoirs. William Williams was keeper of the Colonial Store at nearby Tininyawardli (or Tinninyawodli), which was just south of where Strangways Terrace was built. He published a list of 377 Kaurna words, published in the Southern Australian on 15 May 1839 and republished in

2800-508: The missionaries, who also shared their views on race relations in the new colony. The linguistic work of Teichelmann and Schürmann there had far-reaching effects, influencing later missionaries to teach in local languages, aiding the work of linguists, and laying the foundations for the 21st-century language revival of the Kaurna and also indirectly helping in the revival of other languages, after other missionaries and linguists had followed their example with other local languages. Apart from

2870-479: The missionaries. There is only one remaining page of his diary, containing several Kaurna songlines not recorded elsewhere, but much information has been gleaned from his reports and official correspondence. Pardipardinyilla 'swimming place' 17 hectares Denise Norton was the first South Australian to represent Australia at the Olympic or Commonwealth Games – in the sport of swimming. Approximately square,

Bonython Park - Misplaced Pages Continue

2940-493: The old Adelaide Gaol and the Police Barracks. Bonython Park forms part of what is known as Park 27 , and since the dual naming initiative by Adelaide City Council in the early 2000s, Park 27 is also known as Tulya Wardli . There are sites straddling this park and Park 1/ Pirltawardli of some significance to the Kaurna people , since various "native locations" were established on the sites dating from 1837, when

3010-476: The organization: rather than being a policy-oriented academic institution it became an anti-racist think tank . The Race Relations Board was created following the passing of the Race Relations Act 1965 as a body "to assess and resolve individual cases of discrimination." Its remit was originally restricted to places of public resort and regarding disposal of tenancies, but this was expanded with

3080-1137: The park is bounded by Fitzroy Tce (to the north), Prospect Rd (to the east), Barton Tce West (to the south) and Jeffcott Rd (to the west). The Park provides a range of formal and informal facilities for cricket, swimming, tennis and family picnics. The north-west corner of the Park contains the Adelaide Aquatic Centre , picnic facilities and the Bush Magic playground. The remainder of the Park includes sporting facilities, open space and vegetation (designed and semi-natural landscapes). Kantarilla 'kandara root place' 3.3 hectares A small triangle bounded by Prospect Rd (west), Fitzroy Tce (north) and Main North Rd (east). Contains open park. Kangatilla 'kangatta berry place' 9.4 hectares Approximately pentagonal, bounded by O'Connell Street (west), Main North Road (north-west), Lefevre Road (north-east and east) and Barton Terrace East (south). Contains open and wooded park, with SA Water facilities at

3150-430: The parks was completed on 30 June 2004, with some of the spellings being revised in the 2010s. Also at that time, the numbered parks that still had no English name were assigned one. Victoria Square , in the centre of Adelaide city, is now also known as Tarntanyangga . All 29 Parks around the city have been assigned a Kaurna name, and the River Torrens is now also named Karrawirra Parri . The renaming of 39 sites

3220-469: The passage of the Race Relations Act 1968. Race Relations Acts are legislation in the United Kingdom to outlaw racial discrimination and to tackle institutional racism : The concept of race relations has been criticized for implying a matched relationship between races. Stephen Steinberg of CUNY contends that the term "racial oppression" should be used in unevenly matched instances instead of negative race relation or simply "race relations": While

3290-605: The public. The "Magic Forest & Native Bee N Bee Project" is a grove of mixed eucalyptus trees planted in 1997 by the Children’s Peaceful Environment Foundation in conjunction with the Council. It includes a native bee hotel . The Roma Mitchell Garden, tended by prisoners until the closure of the gaol, has since the 1990s been maintained by the Catholic Order of Malta . Bonython Park

3360-742: The radical upheavals of the civil rights movement in the 1960s. Everett Hughes delivered an address at the American Sociological Association (of which he was president) titled Race Relations and the Sociological Imagination in which Hughes confessed the failure of prediction: "Why did social scientists — and sociologists in particular — not foresee the explosion of collective action of Negro Americans demanding immediate full integration into American society?" African American scholars had little more than token representation in this field. Race relations model

3430-455: The relationship between two groups of people rather than the discrimination against them. Specifically labeling racism this way almost implies that racism is not here, or at least makes it seem like huge changes in our governing systems have changed. It is true that, today the average American knows and understands the dangers of racism, however many of the laws that are set in place have disproportionately targeted certain groups of people. To label

3500-547: The remaining approximately 700 hectares (1,700 acres), many parts have been sculpted into planned gardens and playing fields. Some of the remainder is remnant or regenerated Adelaide Plains grasslands or grassy woodlands, of which 230 hectares (570 acres) have been designated and developed by the city council as areas for native fauna and flora. Developments in the early 2000s focused on maintenance and upgrading of recreational facilities, and removal of remnant grasslands and open grassy woodlands, particularly through urbanisation and

3570-459: The report's recommendations. In the 1970s, some sociologists in America sought to replace the term race relations with racial oppression, because that was the better notion of what race meant in that period. For example, the 1972 book Racial Oppression in America by Bob Blauner challenged the race relations paradigm on negative effects, he explained that the source of the problem between races

SECTION 50

#1732790795705

3640-578: The rise of Black Lives Matter , an anti-racism movement. The term "race relations", according to Blow, "suggests a relationship that swings from harmony to disharmony". Objecting to racism creates awareness of disharmony, whereas silently submitting to racial oppression creates a false impression of harmonious race relations. Because of this counterintuitive result, Blow argues that the terms "race relations," "racial tension", and "racial division" are unhelpful euphemisms for what should properly be called white supremacy . The term "race relations" describes more

3710-648: The river and straddling Parks 1 and 27, is still of great significance to Kaurna people, as well as non-Indigenous South Australians. Nearly all of the recorded language and early written records of Kaurna culture stem from this place, documented by the missionaries, who also shared their views on race relations in the new colony. On 26 May 2000 a plaque was erected there commemorating its place in Adelaide’s history. Bonython Park, part of Park 27/Tudla Wardli, has many points of interest and recreation within and nearby. The park hosts or has hosted several major events including

3780-401: The river behind the new Adelaide Gaol . One was for the "Murray tribe", who had moved to the area, and a smaller number of sheds for what was left of the " Adelaide tribe ". Pirltawardli is still of great significance to Kaurna people, as well as non-Indigenous South Australians. Nearly all of the recorded language and early written records of Kaurna culture stem from this place, documented by

3850-443: The second interim Protector of Aborigines , on land that is now part of Bonython Park. In reality, it was little more than a rations distribution point. In August 1837, William Wyatt became the next Protector, and created a more permanent settlement south of the river. In October 1838 two German missionaries , Christian Teichelmann and Clamor Schürmann (and later Samuel Klose) arrived, setting themselves up at what became known as

3920-441: The second interim Protector. He initially pitched his tent in the vicinity of the old Adelaide Gaol , on land on or near the present Bonython Park (also known as the "Aborigines Location" and later as the "Old Location" ). After a few weeks, Bromley moved camp to the north side of the river at the request of the Kaurna people, to the site known as Piltawodli (later revised to Pirltawardli ), meaning "possum place" and also known as

3990-580: The species - which went by the local name of pinky or pingku - is recognised as the likely origin of the place name Pinky Flat. The once abundant species was presumed completely extinct in the wild in South Australia by 1930. The Park Lands saw development during the 19th Century, for example the Adelaide Botanic Garden, hospital, South Australian Institute, Adelaide Oval, Victoria Park Racecourse. Extensive felling of trees, quarrying and dumping of rubbish continued, which combined to give

4060-404: The term "race relations" have called it as a euphemism for white supremacy or racism. Opinion polls, such as Gallup polls, use the term "race relations" to group together various responses connected to race. University level sociology courses are often named " Race and Ethnic Relations ". Robert E. Park of the University of Chicago formulated a theory known as "race relations cycle," which

4130-523: The term "race relations" is meant to convey value neutrality, on closer examination it is riddled with value. Indeed, its rhetorical function is to obfuscate the true nature of "race relations", which is a system of racial domination and exploitation based on violence, resulting in the suppression and dehumanization of an entire people over centuries of American history. Journalist Charles M. Blow observes that Americans who were polled on their "satisfaction with race relations" reported lower satisfaction after

4200-728: The topography of the landscape, "on rising ground". The Emigration Regulations appearing in the South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register published in London on 18 June 1836 instructed that the site of the first town be divided into 1,000 sections of an acre each. In early 1837, William Light proposed to the Resident Commissioner James Hurtle Fisher that the figure-eight of open space, which Light later referred to as "Adelaide Park", be reserved as "Park grounds". Light drew up

4270-601: The western edge of the city. The area to be returned, 5.5 hectares of land at the west end of Park 25 , occupied since 1879 by the Thebarton Water Depot, lies between East Terrace (now James Congdon Drive), Port Road and the railway lines. The plans were unveiled in 2011 and the land, which was mallee box woodland prior to European settlement, was developed and landscaped with more than 23,000 trees and shrubs as an urban forest . It features indigenous species, including native pine . In 2017–2018, land at

SECTION 60

#1732790795705

4340-417: The western end of North Adelaide in a vaguely crescent or banana shape. The southern and western boundaries are provided by War Memorial Drive , with Park 27 (which includes Bonython Park on the other side. The eastern boundary, from south to north, is formed by Montefiore Rd, the western end of North Adelaide (i.e. Strangways Terrace , Mills Tce and Barton Tce West) and Jeffcott Rd. The northern boundary

4410-637: The western end. The former Fitzroy Croquet Club was located in the northern corner of the Park, and there were two ovals in the middle of the Park. The main structure of the SA Water facilities is a State Heritage-listed earth-covered reservoir, dating from the 1870s, that stores and supplies water to Adelaide. Associated with this are a two-storey red brick pumping station, a small brick pumping station "heavily painted in Brunswick green", and an electricity sub-station. Ngampa Yarta 'ngampa root ground' In

4480-464: The work of sociologist Robert E. Park and the Chicago race riot of 1919 . Race relations designates a paradigm or field in sociology and a legal concept in the United Kingdom . As a sociological field, race relations attempts to explain how racial groups relate to each other. These relations vary depending on historical, social, and cultural context. The term is used in a generic way to designate race related interactions, dynamics, and issues. In

4550-491: Was also involved in the running of the school and was a frequent visitor to Pirltawardli. In the 1840s, Pirltawardli comprised a fenced area of 5.7 hectares (14 acres). However the whole site, including the school, was dismantled in July 1845, on the orders of Governor George Grey , who thought it best to take the children away from their parents, and a new " Native School " run by the government, which taught only in English,

4620-564: Was considered by them as a failure of white social science. The Kerner Report , commissioned by the US government in 1967 to study the causes of 1960s race riots, said that the Watts riots of 1965 "shocked all who had been confident that race relations were improving in the North." The report clarified that the major cause of the riots was white racism, and recommended job creation measures and police reform . President Lyndon B. Johnson discarded

4690-427: Was established near what is now Kintore Avenue . The people's houses were destroyed by soldiers. (The Native School closed in 1851, with the remaining children taken to Poonindie Mission at Port Lincoln on the Eyre Peninsula ). A few people continued to camp near the house of Klose, the only remaining missionary, at Pirltawardli. In 1846 the government build some brick sheds in part of this area, and also across

4760-590: Was finalised and endorsed by the council in 2012. The full list of square and park names, along with meanings and pronunciations, is available on the Council website. Kaurna park name and translation: Pirltawardli "possum home" (Pirltawardli/Piltawodli - pilta = possum, and wodli = house or home). 76 hectares. The name of the site has in the past been spelt Pilta-wodli or Piltawodlingga (in KWP's New Spelling 2010, Pirltawardli and Pirltawardlingga ). Of an irregular shape, Possum Park / Pirltawardli wraps around

4830-466: Was the first area occupied by Europeans, from January to March 1837. The migrants camped in tents and wooden huts in two camps, called Buffalo and Coromandel, after two of the ships of the First Fleet of South Australia . After 1837, the so-called “Native Location” was established for local Kaurna people . Bromley’s Camp, the first of these, was established in April 1837 by Captain Walter Bromley ,

4900-432: Was the first mission in South Australia. In December 1839 Schürmann opened a school, supported by Governor George Gawler , which taught only in the Kaurna language, teaching the children to read and write in their language. In 1839 the school was moved across to the north side of the river to Pirltawardli. In August 1840, Klose took over the running of the school. The second interim Protector (1837–1839), William Wyatt

#704295