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51-413: Although many towns use the name "Boot Hill", the first graveyard named "Boot Hill" was at Hays, Kansas , five years before the founding of Dodge City, Kansas . The meaning of why cemeteries were called "Boot Hills" has been lost, but there are three plausible reasons. The first possible meaning of the term is based on poverty and alludes to the fact that many of the cemeteries' occupants were vagrants, or

102-598: A "one-size-fits-all" strategy to deal with the "Indian problem". As a result, friends and foes were forced to live in close proximity to one another. During Clum's tenure at San Carlos, he treated the Apaches as friends, established the first Indian Tribal Police and a Tribal Court, forming a system of Indian self-rule. The Apaches nicknamed him "Nantan Betunnikiyeh", "Nantan", meaning boss or leader, "Betunnykahyeh" meaning high-forehead, or "Boss With The High Forehead", referring to his baldness. Clum encouraged them to take up

153-425: A 'truxican standoff'. In the video game Fallout: New Vegas , Victor can say, “Next stop, Boot Hill” if provoked. Carl Perkins wrote in 1959 a song " The Ballad of Boot Hill ". Johnny Cash recorded it for Columbia Records and it was released in the same year. A Spaghetti Western named Boot Hill was released in 1969 and it featured Terence Hill and Bud Spencer . The first of three parts that compose

204-613: A farm near Claverack, New York , US. His parents were William Henry and Elizabeth van Deusen Clum of Dutch and German descent ; he had five brothers and three sisters: Henry W. Clum, Jane E. Clum, Cornelia Clum, Sarah E. Clum, George A. Clum, Robert A. Clum, Cornelius N. Clum, and Alfred Clum. In September, 1867, he entered the Hudson River Institute (later known as Claverack College ), a military academy in Claverack, New York . He also attended religious services at

255-600: A five-month period he traversed 8,000 miles (13,000 km) in the Alaskan territory, equipping existing post offices and establishing seven new post offices. While in Nome, Alaska in the summer of 1900, Clum met his old friends, Wyatt Earp and George W. Parsons . Earp was operating the Dexter Saloon at the time. Clum was later named postmaster for Fairbanks, Alaska , and served in that position until 1909. Caro, Alaska

306-764: A good Agent. In September 1872, Cochise negotiated a Chiricahua Reservation for his people from the Dragoon Mountains on the west to the Peloncillo Mountains on the east. It included the Chiricahua Mountains and ran south to the Mexican border. On December 14, 1872, President Ulysses Grant issued an Executive Order establishing the Chiricahua Reservation in the southeastern Arizona Territory encompassing

357-514: A legacy of violence and mayhem, and a military presence which showed both animosity toward the Indians and disdain for the civilian Indian Agents. To the distant politicians in Washington D.C., all Indians were alike. They did not give consideration to the different tribes, cultures, customs and language. They also ignored prior political differences and military alliances. They tried to apply

408-424: A lot of attention to them at first, but after a few months it became most unbearable. They were picking us off one by one. We could never put our hands definitely on those who were doing it. I decided to settle elsewhere. They opened fire on me from both sides of the road. Three miles farther along the road a bullet tore through my coat and lead brought down my horse. I kept going without him." In January Virgil Earp

459-589: A month-long preliminary hearing, Justice of the Peace Wells Spicer ruled the men had acted within the law. Clum later observed, There had been a lot of talk about the justification of the fight. But the Earps were officers of the law and I could see no reason why an officer should wait until he was fired upon two or three times before opening up himself. Wyatt Earp told me afterward he could have killed Ike Clanton. Ike, Wyatt said, drew back and motioned he

510-514: Is a separate Jewish cemetery nearby with some markers restored, and there are also marked graves of Chinese. However, most of the loss was due to neglect of grave markers and theft of these wooden relics as souvenirs. For example, when former Tombstone Mayor John Clum visited Tombstone for the first Helldorado celebration in 1929, he was unable to locate the grave of his wife Mary, who had been buried in Boothill. The Tombstone "boothill" cemetery

561-731: Is buried in Boot Hill at Tombstone. John Clum was married a second time on Feb. 6, 1883, in the District of Columbia, to Belle Atwood. Clum was married a third and final time on Oct. 24, 1914, in New York City, New York to Florence A. Baker. President Ulysses S. Grant established the San Carlos Reservation on December 14, 1872. After an investigation of political abuses within the Office of Indian Affairs ,

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612-470: Is likely a romanticized one. This postulates that the occupants of Boot Hills were cowboys who "died with their boots on", the implication here being they died violently, as in gunfights or by hanging, and not of natural causes. This idea is the most commonly cited on tourist websites . In addition to this claim having numerous problems in the logic used to support it (i.e., significant numbers of people die while wearing footwear, for all kinds of reasons), there

663-458: Is no evidence to suggest that gunfights and hangings were so ubiquitous that entire cemeteries all across the western U.S. needed to be devoted to these types of violent unnatural deaths. Despite the mystery of the term today, Boot Hill became a commonplace term for the neglected old municipal cemeteries throughout the U.S. West during the late 1800s and into the early 1900s as, more and more, families of means re-interred their deceased loved ones to

714-705: Is the name of the graveyard at Phantom Manor in Disneyland Paris . In season 5 episode 16 of the animated series SpongeBob SquarePants , " Pest of the West ", the character Spongebuck is told the old sheriff of Dead-Eye Gulch is at Boot Hill. Boothill is a playable character in Honkai: Star Rail . Hays, Kansas Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include

765-560: The Chiricahua Mountains , Mexico–United States border , and New Mexico Territory border. Some members of the tribe continued raiding into the Mexican states Sonora and Chihuahua . Governor Pesqueira of Sonora complained bitterly about the raids, and General Crook tried to figure out how to force the relocation of the raiders to the San Carlos Reservation. Thomas J. Jeffords , who was Indian Agent to

816-490: The Neil Young song "Country Girl", that appears in his 1970 album with Crosby, Stills & Nash , " Déjà Vu ", is called "Whiskey Boot Hill". The Outlaws' song " Hurry Sundown " also references "lying" an unnamed character in "Boot Hill". Several themes from Bob Dylan 's soundtrack album " Pat Garrett and Billy The Kid " (1973) contain the verse "Up to Boot Hill they'd like to send ya". The song " The Ballad of Billy

867-419: The "Tombstone Cemetery", the plot features the graves of Billy Clanton , Frank McLaury and Tom McLaury ; the three men who were killed during the famed Gunfight at the O.K. Corral . Located on the northwest corner of the town, the graveyard is believed to hold over 300 persons, 205 of which are recorded. This was due to some people (especially Chinese and Jewish immigrants) being buried without record. There

918-563: The Army, Clum was frustrated. He left his post as Indian Agent at noon on July 1, 1877, nearly three years after he had arrived. His successor freed Geronimo and his men, leading to fifteen years of bloodshed and Indian wars until Geronimo was re-captured by General Miles on September 4, 1886, finally ending the Indian Wars. Throughout his life, Clum believed that his work among the Apache was

969-691: The Boothill Graveyard is open to the public for a $ 5 fee, and is a popular stop for tourists visiting Tombstone. The Boot Hill Museum is located on the original location of the Boot Hill Cemetery in Dodge City, Kansas. Boot Hill is the name of the cemetery in Dodge City in the Gunsmoke radio series . In many episodes, the marshal ( Matt Dillon ) would allude to "putting you in Boot Hill", or "another man headed to Boot Hill". In

1020-509: The Dutch Reformed Church. In September, 1870, he enrolled at Rutgers College . He obtained a classical education, studying among other subjects Latin, Greek, Mathematics (including algebra), Natural History (including physiology) and Rhetoric. He was a member of Rutgers' football team. Although Clum was on the team, he did not play in the first intercollegiate game between Rutgers and Princeton on November 6, 1869, but played in

1071-583: The Indians for sport. On February 26, 1874, under these difficult conditions, Clum accepted a commission as Indian Agent for the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation in the Arizona Territory . He arrived at the San Carlos Reservation on Tuesday, August 4, 1874. The very next day Apache scouts presented him with the severed head of Cochinay, a Tonto Apache renegade they had tracked down and killed. He inherited

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1122-487: The Kid " from Billy Joel 's 1973 Album Piano Man contains the lyrics "And he never had a sweetheart, but he finally found a home, underneath the boothill grave that bears his name". "Boot Hill" (unknown) is the first track on Stevie Ray Vaughan 's 1991 posthumous release The Sky is Crying . It was recorded in early 1989 and is one of the last fully produced songs completed prior to his untimely death in 1990. In Cricket ,

1173-471: The O.K. Corral (1957), during which it was repeatedly sung over the recurring title theme song by Frankie Laine . In the later half of the movie Laine changes the theme to: Boothill... Boothill... So cold... so still... There they lay side by side, the killers that died, in the Gunfight at O.K. Corral. Boot Hill is the name of a role playing game first published in 1975 by TSR, Inc. ,

1224-528: The bands at Ojo Caliente to San Carlos as well. Victorio and the Chihenne Chiricahuas acquiesced at first. Geronimo , on the other hand, was defiant. Clum hid 100 of his Apache police in the commissary building at Ojo Caliente and on April 21, 1877, they surprised Geronimo, seizing his rifle and throwing him in shackles. Clum's success gave the US Army a black eye; it was the only time Geronimo

1275-851: The cavalry and flee south. Of the more than 1,000 Chiricahuas enumerated in Jeffords' infrequent censuses, only 42 men and 280 women and children accompanied Clum north. The firing of Jeffords and the abolition of the Chiricahua Reservation in southeastern Arizona drove the Chiricahuas deeper into Mexico or over to the Ojo Caliente Reservation in the New Mexico Territory . In April 1877 the Interior Department ordered Clum to remove

1326-442: The deceased's valuables, which would include footwear. Both of these concepts–one of poverty and worthless unsalvageable boots, the other of no next-of-kin to transfer ownership of valuables to–rely on the fact that during the 1800s, footwear had become expensive commodities. This is because a shift in shoes occurred in the 19th century. While all clothing could be made by people in the 1800s with moderate sewing skills, and doing so

1377-505: The details below. Request from 172.68.168.133 via cp1102 cp1102, Varnish XID 551686459 Upstream caches: cp1102 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 05:40:31 GMT John Clum John Philip Clum (September 1, 1851 – May 2, 1932) was an Indian agent for the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation in the Arizona Territory . He implemented a limited form of self-government on

1428-578: The finest and noblest work he had ever done. He was replaced by a series of agents who were renowned for their corruption. Two months later, Victorio, Loco, and 308 other Chiricahuas bolted for New Mexico, killing twelve ranchers before surrendering at Fort Wingate in early October. Clum and his wife moved to Florence , Arizona Territory and bought a weekly newspaper, the Arizona Citizen then operating in Tucson, but he moved it to Florence. For

1479-553: The first season of the Gunsmoke television series , the introduction to each episode showed Matt Dillon walking around Boot Hill reflecting on the deaths of men buried there. Boot Hill cemetery is a main plot point in the Twilight Zone episode Mr. Garrity and the Graves . Boothill Graveyards are referenced in many films such as Tombstone (1993), Wyatt Earp (1994), The Magnificent Seven (1960) and Gunfight at

1530-532: The government gave Protestant religious groups the responsibility for managing the Indian reservations. The Dutch Reformed Church was given charge of the San Carlos Reservation. They sought out a candidate at Rutgers to run the reservation and were connected with Clum. Clum knew that a number of Indian Agents had already come and gone. Some Indian agents sought the position only as a means to line their own pocket, selling government-supplied food and clothing and keeping

1581-502: The impoverished. The concept is that those buried within either owned boots in such disrepair that no one salvaged the footwear, thus the footwear was left on the bodies at burial; or that the deceased owned no nicer formal clothing to place upon their bodies, which resulted in being interred wearing whatever clothing, and boots, they did possess. The second concept is fairly similar - that those buried within (having been hermits, passers-through, or vagrants) had no family to contact to claim

Boot Hill - Misplaced Pages Continue

1632-402: The lawmen. The stagecoach was fired upon by unknown assailants. The stage didn't carry any mail, cash, or silver, so robbery was an unlikely motive for the attack. Driver Jimmie Harrington was able to outrun the attackers, but he soon had to stop to remove a lead horse that had been shot and was bleeding to death. Clum was certain the hold-up was cover for an attempt to kill him, so didn't reboard

1683-681: The more elegant and exclusive grounds of the newer for-profit cemeteries. However, some Boot Hills became famous, such as the original in Dodge City, Kansas, or the Boot Hill in Tombstone, Arizona , because of three men involved in the so-called O.K. Corral shootout still being buried there. The most notable use of the name "Boot Hill" is at the Boothill Graveyard in Tombstone, Arizona. 31°43′11.6″N 110°04′13.6″W  /  31.719889°N 110.070444°W  / 31.719889; -110.070444  ( Boothill Graveyard ) Formerly called

1734-475: The new city charter of 1881. While mayor he became lifelong friends with Wyatt Earp and became one of his greatest supporters. In December 1880, his wife Mary had a daughter Elizabeth, called Bessie, but Mary died soon after on December 18, 1880. Elizabeth was sickly and died the following summer. After the gun battle of October 26, 1881 in a vacant lot adjacent to the home and studio of photographer Camillus S. Fly , Ike Clanton filed murder charges and after

1785-477: The next two years he published editorials criticizing "the Army of Arizona and the political double-crossers in Washington". After silver was discovered in Tombstone in 1877, Clum moved to Tombstone and began publication on Saturday, May 1, 1880 of The Tombstone Epitaph . He organized the "Anti-Chinese League", and a " Vigilance Committee " to end lawlessness in Tombstone, and his association with that group helped get him elected as Tombstone's first mayor under

1836-403: The original publisher of Dungeons & Dragons . It was the third game released by TSR and notable as one of the first games to use ten-sided dice. Finnish Western writer Esa Paloniemi published his collection of Western short stories Saapaskukkula (Boothill) in 2024. Boot Hill also appears in the first-person shooter video game Borderlands 2 , located in 'The Dust', and playing home to

1887-472: The peaceful pursuits of farming and raising cattle. The Army disliked Clum's actions, as it prevented them from raking off part of the funds that passed through the reservation. Clum tired of the Army's constant meddling in his management of the reservation and the lack of support from the Indian Bureau, the very people who a short time previously had sought him out specifically as a man who would make

1938-420: The profits for themselves. The office was very political, as the military commanders and civilian agents competed for control over the reservation and the money associated with the responsibility. The Apaches, who were supposed to be fed and housed by their caretakers, rarely saw the results of the federal money and suffered as a result. Soldiers and their commanding officers sometimes brutally tortured or killed

1989-463: The reservation that was so successful that other reservations were closed and their residents moved to San Carlos. Clum later became the first mayor of Tombstone , Arizona Territory , after its incorporation in 1881. He also founded the still-operating The Tombstone Epitaph on May 1, 1880. He later served in various postal service positions across the United States. John Clum was born on

2040-622: The reservation, lost influence when Cochise died on June 8, 1874. In 1876 Jeffords was relieved of his responsibility and on May 3 the government ordered Clum to transfer the Chiricahuas to San Carlos. After waiting in vain for military reinforcements to help with the move, Clum began relocating the tribe in early June. Cochise's sons Taza and Naiche agreed to the move and killed several Chircahuas, including Eskinya, Cochise's trusted ally, when he insisted they go to war. The Nednhi Chirica led by Juh also requested transfer. Clum granted them three days to round up their kinsmen. They used that time to elude

2091-399: The second game in the fall of 1870. Clum's strenuous activity and competitive athletics left him ill and in his second year of college he was unable to earn enough money to pay for his tuition. He returned to his father's farm in the summer of 1871. Clum read in a newspaper story that the federal War Department in Washington, D.C. was organizing a meteorological service. He applied for and

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2142-622: The stage, but walked until he found a horse he could borrow. He got to Benson the next day and then returned to Tombstone. Clum, Wells Fargo Agent Marshall Williams, Justice of the Peace Wells Spicer , mine owner E. B. Gage, attorney Tom Fitch , Oriental Saloon owner Lou Rickabaugh, and the Earps were also threatened. Clum described the attempted murder later. "Yes, I ran away from Tombstone," said Clum. "There were nine of us who were not supposed to get out of Tombstone alive. We received warnings, written in blood. We didn't pay

2193-487: The term 'Boot Hill' is used to refer to the fielding position of short-leg because of its proximity to the batsman and high likelihood of being hit by the ball, making the position particularly dangerous. Players fielding in this position typically wear a helmet and other protection. In the comic book series Preacher , the Saint of Killers rests at a tomb on Boot Hill when not actively pursuing his goals. Boot Hill Cemetery

2244-451: Was captured at gunpoint without a shot fired on either side. A total of 453 Chiricahuas, 100 from Geronimo's band and the rest under Victorio, reached San Carlos in late May. From the very beginning they quarreled with the other Apaches confined there. Clum's feuds with the military escalated. Faced with superior officers who strongly disagreed with his methods, dogged by an uncaring Indian Bureau administration and under constant harassment by

2295-402: Was closed in late 1886, as the new "City Cemetery" on Allen Street opened. Thereafter, Boothill was referred to as the "old city cemetery" and neglected. It was used after that only to bury a few later outlaws (some legally hanged and one shot in a robbery), as well as a few colorful Western characters and one man (Emmett Crook Nunnally) who had spent many volunteer hours restoring it. Currently,

2346-557: Was inducted into the US Army Signal Corps on September 14, 1871, with the rank of Observer Sergeant. Two weeks later he was dispatched to Santa Fe , New Mexico, where he became a weather observer. Clum was first married on Nov. 8, 1876, in Delaware County, Ohio to Mary "Mollie" Ware. Mary died on Dec. 18, 1880, in Tombstone, Arizona, of fever, about one week after giving birth to a daughter named Bessie. Mary

2397-410: Was made from pliable materials to stiff form-keeping leathers, allowing for footwear that was no longer ambidextrous, but tailored to each foot's specific shape, as well as individual length and width. This required further craftsmanship and work to create specifically bespoke footwear. Thus, the increased cost of Victorian footwear makes either of these two theories the most plausible. The third concept

2448-548: Was maimed in an assassination attempt and in March Morgan was murdered. On May 1, 1882, two years to the day after he started The Tombstone Epitaph , he sold it and left Tombstone. The newspaper is still published today as a nationally distributed chronicle of the old west. In 1898, Clum was appointed Postal Inspector for the District of Alaska and was commissioned to establish a territorial postal service there. During

2499-496: Was named after his daughter Caro. John Clum left Alaska in 1909. Clum spent several years touring the country for the Southern Pacific Railroad , giving hundreds of lectures all over the country to promote tourism and passenger-use of the railroad. In 1928 he moved to Los Angeles, where he lived until his death in 1932 at age 80. Sam Melville was cast as Clum in the 1970 episode, "Clum's Constabulary", on

2550-415: Was not in it. He called to Ike. 'Get in this, Ike, or get out!' and Ike got out." Clum's friendship with the Earps and loyalty to the business leadership made him a target for the outlaw Cochise County Cowboys . On December 14, Clum was on a stagecoach to Benson to catch a train for Washington, D.C., where he planned to spend Christmas with his parents and son. He and his newspaper had consistently supported

2601-432: Was quite common in the western frontier of the U.S., making shoes and boots had become a craft of cordwainers that required the expensive technical skills and specialized tools of the shoe makers. Prior to this era, everyday wear shoes and boots were frequently made from materials, and in limited pattern sizes, that could be easily made at home, then buckled and laced-up to create a formed fit for various sized feet. A switch

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