72-619: Bootle (pronounced / ˈ b uː t əl / ) is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton , Merseyside , England, which had a population of 51,394 in 2011; the wider Parliamentary constituency had a population of 98,449. It is part of the Liverpool City Region . Historically part of Lancashire , Bootle's proximity to the Irish Sea and the industrial city of Liverpool to the south saw it grow rapidly in
144-482: A leisure centre , located in the North Park area, which includes a modern gym, swimming pool, and various indoor sports halls. The Bootle New Strand shopping centre contains many of the regular high street stores, combined with a smaller collection of local businesses. For entertainment there is a wide variety of public houses , snooker clubs and late-night bars. There are also a number of restaurants. Originally
216-424: A Conservative seat, Bootle elected early MPs such as Bonar Law , a future Tory Prime Minister. The seat was briefly Liberal in the early 1920s. Labour first captured the seat in 1929, in the personage of local hairdresser John Kinley , but lost it in 1931. Although Kinley recaptured it in 1945 it did not become safely Labour until the long tenure of Simon Mahon . It is now impregnable, politically, and since 1997
288-675: A Liberal MP, proposed for religious teaching in the new state schools to be non-denominational and so restricted in practice to learning the Bible and a few hymns. The Cabinet accepted that amendment on 14 June 1870, and Gladstone proposed it to the House of Commons two days later. It became the famous Cowper-Temple clause (Section 14 of the Act). HCG Matthew , the editor of Gladstone's diaries, believes that compromise to have hurt Gladstone more deeply than any other that he had to make. However, on 30 June 1870,
360-519: A Member of Parliament, was a prominent campaigner on the issue. However, like many grassroots Liberals, he opposed the bill because it was open to the possibility of subsidising Church of England schools with local ratepayers ' money. It was one of the Elementary Education Acts 1870 to 1893 . The Act was passed partly in response to political factors, such as the need to educate the citizens who were recently enfranchised by
432-588: A bill, as was Henry Bruce ( Home Secretary ). Although Gladstone was sympathetic to the argument that better education had helped the Prussians to their unexpected victory in the Austro-Prussian War (as he remarked, "Undoubtedly, the conduct of the campaign, on the German side, has given a marked triumph to the cause of systematic popular education"), he was a devout Anglican and did not want to see
504-467: A central authority could lead to indoctrination . Some poor people feared that mass education would equip people to defraud or mislead those without an education. Another reason was the vested interests of the Church and other social groups. The churches were funded by the state with public money to provide education for the poor and did not want to lose that influence on youth. It had been deduced from
576-523: A county responsibility. State control increased the number of school inspectors after 1872. Medical and dental inspections were introduced after 1908, though reaching remote schools proved difficult. The leaving age was raised to 14 in 1883. The new system was co-ordinated nationally by the Scotch Education Department with the curriculum emphasising the teaching of reading, writing, and arithmetic (the three ‘Rs’). The churches made
648-404: A direct response to this Education Act, the founding father of British popular journalism, George Newnes , began his career in publishing in 1881 when he founded Tit-Bits . This was a weekly magazine which took the form of a mini-encyclopedia of information to appeal to the new generations of young readers. Tit-Bits reached a circulation of 700,000 by the end of the 19th century and paved
720-673: A legal obligation to ensure that their children were educated. Following continued campaigning by the National Education League, the Elementary Education Act 1880 ( 43 & 44 Vict. c. 23) ("the Mundella Act") required attendance to the age of 10 everywhere in England and Wales, with various exemptions. In 1891, elementary schooling became free in both board and voluntary (church) schools. As
792-555: A multimillion-pound facility called the L20 Building located on Stanley Road was opened. This houses a dedicated University Centre with open-plan study areas for students studying University level courses. There are two railway stations served by frequent electric services from Liverpool to Southport. These are Oriel Road near the Victorian era civic centre, and New Strand , serving the shopping centre. A third railway station
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#1732765416792864-591: A reasonable building led by a qualified head teacher. 62 temporary prefabricated buildings were constructed in London. Newly certified teachers like Elizabeth Burgwin became the head of a temporary school in 1874 until she and the staff moved to the newly constructed Orange Street Girls' School in Southwark that same year. Rural boards, run by parishes, had only one or two schools to manage, but industrial town and city boards had many. Rural boards favoured economy and
936-626: A stronger amendment by Jacob Bright , a younger brother of John Bright , insisting that religious teaching not be for or against any denomination, was defeated by 251 votes to 130. The supporters of the amendment were all Liberals, and the government won only with Conservative support. Section 7 also gave parents the right to withdraw their children from any religious instruction provided in board schools and to withdraw their children at any time to attend any other religious instruction of their choice. Secondly, parents still had to pay fees for their children to attend school. Section 25 gave school boards
1008-467: Is a metropolitan borough of Merseyside , England. It was formed on 1 April 1974 , by the amalgamation of the county boroughs of Bootle and Southport , the municipal borough of Crosby , the urban districts of Formby and Litherland , and part of West Lancashire Rural District . It consists of a coastal strip of land on the Irish Sea which extends from Southport in the north to Bootle in
1080-716: Is also home to the Royal Birkdale Golf Club which has played host to the Open Championship , Ryder Cup , Walker Cup and Curtis Cup . This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of Sefton at current basic prices published (pp. 240–53) by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling. ^ Components may not sum to totals due to rounding ^ includes hunting and forestry ^ includes energy and construction ^ includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured At
1152-827: Is on Wadham Road. Firwood Bootle CC has a significant success record, with 6 Liverpool and District Cricket Competition championship titles to their name. Bootle field three senior teams that compete in the Liverpool and District Cricket Competition and they have an established junior training section that play competitive cricket in the Liverpool Competition Junior League. The town has one further education college, Hugh Baird College , located on Balliol Road. The college delivers over 300 courses to more than 7,000 students with course levels from Entry Level to Level 3, A Levels, apprenticeships and university level courses and degrees. In January 2014,
1224-469: Is ranked as only the tenth worst area for unemployment in Britain, and all other parts of the region have lower unemployment—a stark contrast to the 1970s and 1980s when areas of Merseyside dominated the list of Britain's least economically active areas. As of 2009, in the depth of a recession , unemployment stood at 12%. In 2022, it was reduced to less than 4%, similar to the national average. Bootle Docks
1296-740: Is served by the regional newspapers the Lancashire Telegraph and the Liverpool Echo . Other local newspapers are The Southport Visiter and Southport Reporter . Elementary Education Act 1870 The Elementary Education Act 1870 ( 33 & 34 Vict. c. 75), commonly known as Forster's Education Act , set the framework for schooling of all children between the ages of 5 and 12 in England and Wales. It established local education authorities with defined powers, authorized public money to improve existing schools, and tried to frame conditions attached to this aid so as to earn
1368-591: Is situated on the boundary of Bootle (Old Roan), and is part of the Liverpool to Ormskirk Line. A goods line, the Bootle Branch , is still in use, but it used to be a passenger line which had a station at Bootle Balliol Road railway station and served the areas of Clubmoor , Tuebrook and Childwall among other places. It closed during the 1960s. Called the Canada Dock Branch , a second route,
1440-762: The Bootle constituency has been one of the safest Labour Party seats in the whole of the United Kingdom. The area was represented in parliament by Joe Benton until he stood down in 2015. The current MP is Peter Dowd . For elections to Sefton Council the town of Bootle is split between the electoral wards of Netherton and Orrell , whose three representatives, are all members of the Labour Party, and are Susan Ellen Bradshaw, Ian Ralph Maher and Tom Spring. Derby , whose three representatives are Brenda O'Brien, David Robinson and Anne Thompson and are all members of
1512-522: The Earl of Sefton and the Earl of Derby , resident of Knowsley Hall , and the adjacent borough was subsequently named Knowsley. A Sefton Rural District covering some of the villages in the district existed from 1894 to 1932. The Metropolitan Borough of Sefton is one of the six constituent local government districts of the Liverpool City Region . Since 1 April 2014, some of the borough's responsibilities have been pooled with neighbouring authorities within
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#17327654167921584-1102: The Education Act 1633 , a similar act to the English Elementary Education Act was passed in 1872 for Scotland, the Education (Scotland) Act 1872 . It required compulsory attendance from the start. It allowed post-elementary schools, but not public funding of them. There were around 1,000 school boards in Scotland at the time they were eventually abolished. The 1872 Education Act brought in compulsory education for all children between 5 and 13, although fees still had to be paid until 1890. Teacher shortages continued and problems arose in areas where teachers who spoke no Gaelic attempted to teach children who had no English. Pupil-teachers could later qualify after attending Teacher Training College. Local school boards made sure sufficient schools were built and that children attended them. After 1918, this became
1656-553: The North Mersey Branch could still be opened. The bus station is under the New Strand Shopping Centre and provides services to Liverpool City Centre , Penny Lane , Allerton , Tuebrook and Crosby . Bootle Docks used to host passenger ships to Belfast and Dublin , but now it is used solely for freight services, and it is somewhat less important than the port of Liverpool. The town has
1728-629: The Reform Act 1867 to vote "wisely". It also came about due to demands for reform from industrialists, who feared that Britain's competitive status in world trade, manufacture and improvement was being threatened by the lack of an effective education system. There were objections to the concept of universal education . One was that many people remained hostile to the idea of mass education . They claimed it would make labouring classes 'think' and thus attain class consciousness , possibly encouraging them to revolt. Others feared that handing children to
1800-692: The United Kingdom Census 1861 that out of 4.3 million children of primary school age in England & Wales, 1 million were in purely voluntary (church) schools and 1.3 million were in state aided voluntary schools but 2 million had no schooling. Lord Ripon ( Lord President of the Council ) and William Forster (Vice-President of the Council) were responsible for education in the Gladstone government of 1868–1874 and were keen to introduce
1872-463: The administrative county of Lancashire . During this time period it was sometimes formally known as Bootle-cum-Linacre . Orrell was added to the borough in 1905. There are still large areas of Victorian terraced houses in Bootle, formerly occupied by dock workers. These are built in distinctive pressed red brick. Bootle Town Hall and other municipal buildings were erected in the last quarter of
1944-456: The temperance movement . Local societies thrived, including sports teams, scouts and musical groups. The Bootle May Day carnival and the crowning of the May Queen were highlights of the social year. The town successfully fought against absorption by neighbouring Liverpool in 1903. It subsequently made good use of its Latin motto Respice, Aspice, Prospice , ("look to the past, the present,
2016-437: The 'sand hills' or dunes of the river estuary . In the early 19th century, it began to develop as a bathing resort , attracting wealthy people from Liverpool. Some remaining large villas which housed well-to-do commuters to Liverpool are located in the area known locally as 'Bootle Village', centred around Marsh Lane . The Liverpool, Crosby and Southport Railway arrived in the 1840s and Bootle experienced rapid growth. By
2088-490: The 1800s, first as a dormitory town for wealthy merchants, and then as a centre of commerce and industry in its own right following the arrival of the railway and the expansion of the docks and shipping industries. The subsequent population increase was fuelled heavily by Irish migration. The town was heavily damaged in World War II with air raids against the port and other industrial targets. Post-war economic success in
2160-530: The 1830s, and erect their own board schools or elementary schools . Section 74 of the Act empowered boards to create a by-law and to table it before Parliament to make attendance compulsory unless there was an excuse, such as sickness, living more than three miles from a school or having been certified as reaching a certain standard of education. In 1873, 40% of the population lived in compulsory attendance districts. All schools would be inspected by making use of
2232-484: The 1950s and 1960s gave way to a downturn, precipitated by a reduction in the significance of Liverpool Docks internationally, and changing levels of industrialisation, coupled with the development of modern suburbs and the expansion of industries into the Merseyside hinterlands. By the 1980s, there had been a sharp spike in unemployment and population decline. Large-scale renewal projects have begun to help regenerate
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2304-425: The 19th century. The population of the town swelled during this period, boosted in large part by Irish immigration and the attraction of plentiful work on the docks. The wealth to pay for the splendour of the town hall and the gentrified 'Bootle Village' area was generated by these docks. The skilled workers lived in terraced houses in the east of the town, while the casual dock labourers lived in cramped, dwellings near
2376-555: The 2011 census, there were 265,010 usual residents of Sefton aged 3 or over whose main language was declared. The 10 most common main languages were as follows: 1,794 (0.68%) usual residents over the age of 3 had a different main language to the above languages. Sefton is twinned with: The following people, military units and Organisations and Groups have received the Freedom of the Borough of Sefton. In terms of television,
2448-413: The Labour Party, and finally Linacre whose three representatives, are all members of the Labour Party, and are John Fairclough, Christine Maher, and Daniel McKee. Overall there are nine councillors representing the Bootle area, all of them are members of the Labour Party. Overall the electoral wards of Sefton Council in and around Bootle and the parliamentary constituency itself are extremely safe seats for
2520-465: The Labour Party, sometimes standing uncontested by the other parties. Many notable footballers were born in Bootle. Jamie Carragher , Steve McManaman and Roy Evans came to prominence playing for Liverpool (with Evans later going on to become the club's manager) whilst Alvin Martin is regarded as one of West Ham United 's greatest-ever players. Former Evertonian Jose Baxter of Sheffield United
2592-488: The Second World War large council housing estates were built inland from the town centre, including the area of Netherton , which was built on new town principles. The Liverpool Overhead Railway and Liverpool Tramways Company closure in the 1950s reduced Bootle's connection to Liverpool. Bootle did share in the postwar boom. The centre of the town was redeveloped and the 'Bootle New Strand' shopping centre
2664-540: The Spring Budget, a £58 million fund for “Capital Levelling Up”, of which £20 million has been allocated to the first phase of repurposing the Strand shopping centre and wider transformation of Bootle Town Centre. In November 2016, Liverpool2 was opened, expanding Seaforth Docks with river berths that can accommodate large container ships. The economic recovery on Merseyside since the 1980s has meant that Bootle
2736-526: The UK national government and the combined authority over a possible devolution deal to confer greater powers on the region, including whether to introduce an elected 'Metro Mayor' to oversee the entire metropolitan area. The existence of Sefton has been an ongoing local controversy, especially in Southport , where local Members of Parliament (MPs) and councillors have campaigned for separation from Bootle and
2808-628: The Welsh terrace houses get demolished and replaced with 2,3 and 4 bed modern houses. This was after the controversial move by Bellway after residents opposed demolition. Sefton Council submitted a bid to the Government’s Levelling UP Fund in July for £20 million to underpin a regeneration scheme to transform Bootle town centre. The outcome of the fund is expected to be announced in 2023. In March 2023, Chancellor Jeremy Hunt announced, as part of
2880-504: The abduction and murder of two-year-old James Bulger in 1993. Bootle has one association football non-league team known as Bootle F.C. who currently play in the Northern Premier League Division One West. They are a reformed version of the original Bootle F.C. (1879) . Bootle Cricket Club was founded in 1933 and they incorporated Firwood into the club's name in the 1990s. Their main ground
2952-486: The area is served by BBC North West and ITV Granada broadcasting from the Winter Hill transmitter. The borough is served by both BBC Radio Merseyside and BBC Radio Lancashire . Other radio stations including Heart North West , Smooth North West , Dune Radio , Hits Radio Liverpool , Hits Radio Lancashire , Greatest Hits Radio Liverpool & The North West and Greatest Hits Radio Lancashire . The area
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3024-414: The board. The franchise was different from national elections since female householders could vote and stand for office. The boards financed themselves by a precept (a requisition) added to either the local poor rate or the municipal rate . They were also eligible to apply for capital funding in the form of a government loan. The boards could make grants to existing church schools, as had occurred since
3096-858: The borough. Bootle played an important role in the Battle of the Atlantic . Royal Navy 's Captain Frederic John Walker , the famous U-boat hunter, would rest in the Mayor's Parlour of Bootle Town Hall and his ships, HMS Stork and HMS Starling , sailed out of Gladstone Dock Bootle. Memorabilia associated with Walker including the ships's bell from HMS Starling which was presented to Bootle County Borough Council on 21 October 1964 by Admiral Sir Nigel Henderson Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth. can be viewed in Bootle Town Hall . After
3168-518: The building of board schools or divert the school rate funds into church schools. Many factory owners feared the removal of children as a source of cheap labour. However, with the simple mathematics and English that they were acquiring, factory owners now had workers who could read and make measurements. It is sometimes incorrectly claimed that the 1870 act forbid the use of the Welsh language at schools in Wales. The act does not mention Welsh and English
3240-545: The council is composed of 41 Labour councillors, 12 for The Liberal Democrat and Progressive Alliance Group, six Conservatives , and five for The Independents Group. There are two vacancies. The borough has a strong income from tourism, most of whom visit the Aintree Grand National , the most valuable horse race in Europe, Anthony Gormley 's Another Place at Crosby Beach and Southport . Birkdale
3312-596: The country and had high levels of unemployment. Asda heavily invested in Bootle by building a new eco-friendly superstore on Strand Road in 2008. Among refurbishment and rebuilding projects in the 2010s, the HSE buildings and the new-look Stanley Road have been created, Oriel Road Station has been refurbished, and a new block of flats on the site of the Stella Maris building and a Lidl store on Stanley Road have been built. The Klondyke Estate located off Hawthorne road saw
3384-472: The dockside. Stories about three streets in particular, Raleigh Street, Dundas Street and Lyons Street, caused great alarm. Lyons Street, the scene of the 'Teapot Murder', was renamed Beresford Street shortly before the First World War . Bootle was the first borough to elect its own school board , following the passage of William Forster's Elementary Education Act 1870 . In 1872 Dr R.J. Sprakeling
3456-581: The end of the 19th century the docks had been constructed along the whole of the river front as far as Seaforth Sands to the north. The town became heavily industrialised. Fearful of annexation by Liverpool, Bootle was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1868 under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 , and in 1889 was granted the status of a county borough by the Local Government Act 1888 , becoming independent from
3528-480: The existing Church of England schools absorbed into any kind of National Education system. Education was not a legislative priority after Irish Disestablishment and the First Irish Land Act . A bill was eventually introduced in the 1870 session although Gladstone was at least as concerned about the abolition of University Tests at the same time. Local authorities were required to make returns of
3600-439: The existing regime. The individual schools continued to be eligible for an annual government grant calculated on the basis of the inspection ('payment by results'). Two provisions of the Act became, for religious reasons, matters of contention within the governing Liberal Party. Firstly, nonconformists objected to their children being taught Anglican doctrine. As a compromise, William Cowper-Temple (pronounced "Cooper-Temple"),
3672-553: The first time. In areas served by school boards that had implemented by-laws requiring attendance, compulsory attendance until 13 was exempted if a child over 10 had been certified by the inspector as satisfying the required standard for that board. The standards required varied between 4th Standard (such as in Birmingham) and 6th Standard (such as in Bolton) . Although universal primary education had been established in Scotland by
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#17327654167923744-552: The future"). The docks made Bootle a target for Nazi German Luftwaffe bombers during the Liverpool Blitz of the Second World War , with approximately 90% of the houses in the town damaged. Situated immediately adjoining the city of Liverpool, and the site of numerous docks, Bootle had the distinction of being the most heavily bombed borough in the UK, with 458 civilian deaths from enemy action recorded within
3816-586: The goodwill of managers. It has long been seen as a milestone in educational development, but recent commentators have stressed that it brought neither free nor compulsory education, and its importance has thus tended to be diminished rather than increased. The law was drafted by William Forster , a Liberal MP , and it was introduced on 17 February 1870 after campaigning by the National Education League , although not entirely to their requirements. In Birmingham, Joseph Chamberlain , not yet
3888-547: The local economy. Etymologically , Bootle derives from the Anglo Saxon Bold or Botle meaning a dwelling. It was recorded as Boltelai in the Domesday Book in 1086. By 1212 the spelling had been recorded as Botle . The spellings Botull , Bothull and Bothell are recorded in the 14th century. In the 18th century, it was known as Bootle cum Linacre. Bootle was originally a small hamlet built near
3960-617: The metropolitan area and subsumed into the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority . The combined authority has effectively become the top-tier administrative body for the local governance of the city region and the leader of Sefton Council, along with the five other leaders from neighbouring local government districts, take strategic decisions over economic development, transport, employment and skills, tourism, culture, housing and physical infrastructure. In July 2015, negotiations took place between
4032-413: The number of children in their area and existing educational provision. That was done by comparing the results of a census of existing school places with the number of children of school age recorded in the census . If there was a shortfall, a school board for the district would be created. The boards were to provide elementary education for children aged 5–12 (inclusive). Board members were elected by
4104-492: The possible inclusion of the town as a district in the non-metropolitan county of Lancashire . It was highlighted after the 2012 local government election that different regions in Sefton had vastly different socio-economic backgrounds and needs. There are high levels of poverty around the Bootle area and central Southport . The council has 66 councillors, three for each of the borough's 22 wards : As of April 2021 ,
4176-404: The power to pay the fees of poor children, including those attending voluntary (church) schools. Although few school boards actually did so, the provision caused great anger among nonconformists, who saw it as a new source of local ratepayers' money being spent on Church of England schools. A large conference was held at Manchester in 1872 to lead resistance to the section, and one of the campaigners
4248-476: The ratepayers under a system of cumulative voting . The number of members was determined by the size of the population of the district. Each voter could choose three or more members from a list of candidates, and those with the highest number of votes were chosen for the existing number of seats available. A voter could cast all their votes for one person. Known as 'plumping', that ensured that religious and later political minorities could ensure some representation on
4320-482: The release of children for agricultural labour. Town boards tended to be more rigorous in their provisions, and by 1890, some had special facilities for gymnastics, art and crafts and domestic science. There were ongoing political clashes between the vested interests of Church, private schools and the National Education League followers. In some districts, the creation of boards was delayed by local vote. In others, church leaders managed to be voted onto boards and restrict
4392-625: The south, Walton to the east, with Seaforth , Litherland and Netherton to the north. To the west it is bounded by the River Mersey . In the centre is a sizeable area of large office blocks, and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal . The old civic centre of Bootle contains large Victorian buildings such as the town hall and the municipal baths . To the north lies the New Strand Shopping Centre , which gained notoriety after
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#17327654167924464-476: The south, and an inland part to Maghull in the south-east, bounded by the city of Liverpool to the south, the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley to the south-east, and West Lancashire to the east. It is named after Sefton , near Maghull. When the borough was created, a name was sought that would not unduly identify the borough with any of its constituent parts, particularly the former county boroughs of Bootle and Southport. The area had strong links with both
4536-798: The way for popular journalism. Most significantly, the Daily Mail was founded by Alfred Harmsworth , a contributor to Tit-Bits , and the Daily Express was launched by Arthur Pearson , who worked at Tit-Bits for five years after winning a competition to get a job on the magazine. The school boards were abolished by the Balfour Education Act 1902 , which replaced them with around 300 local education authorities (LEAs), by which time there were 5,700 board schools (2.6 million pupils) and 14,000 voluntary schools (3 million pupils). The LEAs remit included secondary education for
4608-431: Was also born in Bootle. England Lioness and Manchester City player Alex Greenwood grew up playing on the streets of Bootle. In the arts, Bootle has produced the comedian Tom O'Connor , the television presenter Keith Chegwin , television producer and presenter Will Hanrahan and early rock and roll singer Billy J. Kramer . The fashion retailer George Davies was educated in Bootle. John C. Wells , linguist. He
4680-460: Was appointed the first Medical Officer of Health, and was instrumental in improving sanitary conditions in the town. The Metropole Theatre on Stanley Road played host to stars such as music hall singer Marie Lloyd . Tree lined streets surrounded magnificent open spaces, such as Derby Park, North Park and South Park. Roman Catholic and Anglican churches sprang up all over the town, and Welsh immigration brought with it Nonconformist chapels and
4752-637: Was assumed to be the language of instruction; as had been the case in Welsh day schools since early in the 19th century. A trend towards more use of Welsh at schools in Welsh-speaking areas had begun prior to the act and continued after it. The Act established the foundations of English elementary education although it was not taken up in all areas and would be more firmly enforced through later reforms. The state's Gladstonian liberalism became increasingly involved. Lord Sandon 's Elementary Education Act 1876 ( 39 & 40 Vict. c. 70) gave parents
4824-489: Was born in Bootle. Derek Acorah , psychic medium. He was born in Bootle. Paul Nuttall , former Leader of the UK Independence Party . He was born in Bootle. Sergiusz Pinkwart , writer, journalist, traveler, Magellan Award winner. He lives in Bootle. Pat Kelly , New Zealand trade unionist. He was born and raised in Bootle. Metropolitan Borough of Sefton The Metropolitan Borough of Sefton
4896-512: Was created as a part of the Mersey Docks and now promoted as Port of Liverpool , with the Liverpool and Wirral Docks, being located on both bank sides of the River Mersey . Bootle Docks are situated at the northern end, that is closer to the Irish Sea estuary. Bootle, along with Southport , is one of the two main administrative headquarters for the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton . Among Bootle's neighbouring districts are Kirkdale to
4968-466: Was economic change. The very reason for Bootle's existence, the access to the Mersey, became almost irrelevant as the docks closed and the new container port required far fewer workers than the old docks had. This in turn affected practically every other industry in the town. The problems slowly gathered pace until Merseyside hit crisis point in the early 1980s. Even by 2006 the area was one of the poorest in
5040-635: Was much in evidence. The docks declined in importance in the 1960s and 1970s, and Bootle suffered high unemployment and a declining population. The establishment of large office blocks housing government departments and the National Girobank provided employment, filled largely by middle-class people from outside the Bootle/Liverpool area. In the early 1970s Bootle was absorbed into the new local authority of Sefton under local government reorganisation. More fundamental than political change
5112-538: Was opened in 1968. At the same time, new offices were built in the town centre. The town lost its access to the beach when neighbouring Seaforth Sands was redeveloped in the early 1970s, but the Seaforth Container Port brought new jobs into the area. The local authority, and other 'social' landlords, saw to it that new housing was built and older stock renovated. Bootle did not go down the route of massive housing clearance, and many local communities remained intact. The borough celebrated its centenary in 1968 and civic pride
5184-541: Was the Birmingham politician Joseph Chamberlain , who emerged as a national figure for the first time. The resulting splits (some education campaigners, including Chamberlain, stood for Parliament as independent candidates) helped to cost the Liberals the 1874 election . Between 1870 and 1880, 3,000 to 4,000 schools were started or taken over by school boards. The act required that every child should be taught in
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