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60-499: Approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Yogyakarta , Borobudur sits on a plateau between two twin volcanoes, Sundoro - Sumbing and Merbabu - Merapi , and two rivers, the Progo and the Elo. According to local myth, the area known as Kedu Plain is a Javanese sacred place and has been dubbed 'the garden of Java' due to its high agricultural fertility . During restoration in

120-492: A Shivalinga sanctuary to be built on the Wukir hill, only 10 km (6 mi) east of Borobudur. Ngawen temple is found to the east of Mendut temple. The ruin of Banon temple, a Hindu temple, is several hundred meters north of Pawon temple. It could not be reconstructed because many stones are missing, but several stone statues of Hindu gods were found in good condition. Those of Vishnu, Brahma, Shiva, and Ganesha are now at

180-539: A mosque . Magelang became the capital of Karesidenan Kedu in 1818. After the Dutch defeated the British, Magelang was made the center of the economy because of its strategic location. The Dutch government built a drinking water tower (known locally as Menara Air Minum ) in 1918 which provides the city with water. Electricity became available in 1927. The roads were remade using asphalt. The city has historically been

240-660: A terrorist attack against churches and public buildings in Surabaya the same year. Religion in Yogyakarta Magelang Magelang ( Javanese : ꦩꦒꦼꦭꦁ ) is one of six cities in the Central Java Province of Indonesia that are administratively independent of the regencies in which they lie geographically. Each of these cities is governed by a mayor rather than a bupati . Magelang City covers an area of 18.56 km and had

300-515: A city with large numbers of schools and universities and a relatively low cost of living compared to other Indonesian cities, Yogyakarta has attracted significant numbers of students from all over Indonesia. As a result, there are many other Indonesian ethnic groups living in Yogyakarta, especially from eastern parts of Indonesia. There are some foreigner communities in the city, which is mainly composed of tourist and foreign students. In 2014,

360-477: A military post, dating back to the Dutch East Indies colonial era. It subsequently acted as an army stronghold for Indonesian pro-independence movements against the Dutch government during the resistance period. It is a host of two military landmarks: The National Military Academy , and the only military-associated school, Taruna Nusantara . Journalist Taichiro Kaijimura announced on 12 May 2007

420-532: A playground for children and their families. The river Progo is accessible from this park. Badaan park is located in Jalan Pahlawan (Pahlawan Road) and one of two parks in Magelang. The park is smaller than Kyai Langgeng and mostly regarded as a children's playground. There are animal statues within the park such as the rhino the animal used as its namesake, the elephant, and the giraffe. Hawkers sell

480-491: A population of 118,227 at the 2010 census and 121,526 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid-2023 was 122,150 (comprising 60,615 males and 61,535 females). It is geographically located in the middle of the Magelang Regency , between Mount Merbabu and Mount Sumbing in the south of the province, and lies 43 km north of Yogyakarta , 15 km north of Mungkid and 75 km south of Semarang ,

540-507: A railway track from Semarang to Yogyakarta passing at its centre (along Jalan Pemuda), but has since been redirected outside the city. Unfortunately, today the railway track does not function again. It was closed by the government due to the operational cost at that time. Magelang does not have an airport and therefore relies on Yogyakarta 's Adisutjipto International Airport , Surakarta 's Adisumarmo International Airport , and Semarang 's Achmad Yani International Airport . Then, to reach

600-586: A sacred unity, although the exact ritual process is unknown. There are two museums within Borobudur Temple Compounds, Karmawibhangga Museum and Samudra Raksa Museum . Other Buddhist temples and Hindu temples are scattered in the area. The earliest is Gunung Wukir or Canggal Hindu temple dated 732 CE. According to an Canggal inscription discovered in the temple complex, the Shivaite King Sanjaya commissioned

660-574: A statue of Diponegoro riding a horse. There are several sports venues in Magelang. In 2006, for example, a golf course was opened: the Borobudur International Golf and Country Club. The Abu Bakrin football stadium is located on Jl. Tidar, which is near the golf course. Besides, the Gedung Olah Raga "Samapta" is a popular sports venue in the sub-district of North Magelang. The area is being developed because of

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720-800: A variety of bakso (Meatballs) in the vicinity of the park. Mount Tidar is located in Magersari, South Magelang, and is located within the complex of the Military Academy (Akmil) . Here lies the remains of Syekh Subakir from Iran . Although Magelang City is small city, it has several universities, colleges, and academies. At least, there are six universities located in Magelang City such as Indonesian Military Academy (Akmil), Muhammadiyah University of Magelang (Unimma), Tidar University (Untidar), STMIK Bina Patria, and Tirta Wiyata Engineering Academy (Akademi Teknik Tirta Wiyata) and

780-532: Is 32.82 square kilometres (12.7 square miles). While the city spreads in all directions from the Kraton , the Sultan's palace, the core of the modern city is to the north, centred around Dutch colonial-era buildings and the commercial district. Jalan Malioboro , with rows of pavement vendors and nearby markets and malls, is the primary shopping street for tourists in the city, while Jalan Solo, further north and east,

840-618: Is an administrative part of the Yogyakarta Special Region which has the status of a province in Indonesia. In 2020, Yogyakarta City held the highest population density in Greater Yogyakarta, with 11,546 people per square kilometre, Sleman and Bantul Regencies holding the second place with a population density of 1,958.5 people/sq kilometre, and third place with 1,940 people/sq kilometre respectively. Within

900-644: Is located in the city centre. The area has the Matahari and Gardena department stores, Magelang's only cinema, to the north, the Trio Plaza and the BCA tower; in the south, a police station, the BPD Bank building, and a Confucian temple along Jalan Pemuda. In the west, lies the city's largest mosque, locally known as Kauman . Within the vicinity of the town square is a 15-metre-high (49 ft) water tower, and also

960-589: Is named after the Indian city of Ayodhya , the birthplace of the eponymous hero Rama from the Ramayana epic. Yogya means "suitable; fit; proper", and karta means "prosperous; flourishing". Thus, Yogyakarta means "[a city that is] fit to prosper". In colonial era correspondence, the city is often written in the Javanese script as ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ , read as / ˌ ŋ ɑː j ɒ ɡ j ə ˈ k ɑːr t ə / with

1020-449: Is not affected by the flow of volcanic material from Mount Merapi . The river is ideal for white water rafting because the characteristics of flow and flooding are relatively stable, so it is relatively safe to be forded in both the dry and rainy seasons. Running rafting chosen difficulty level (grade) maximum III + and suitable for families. The track has a length of about 12.5 km and is reached in 2.5 – 3 hours of rafting. A number of

1080-610: Is one of the most densely populated regions in Central Java. Magelang City has two borders; the western border is the Progo River and the eastern border is the Elo River. The city is divided into three districts ( kecamatan ) comprising 17 urban villages ( kelurahan ). These are listed below with their populations at the 2010 and 2020 Censuses, together with the official estimates as of mid-2023. The table also includes

1140-473: Is the shopping district more frequented by locals. The large local market of Beringharjo ( id ) and the restored Dutch fort of Vredeburg are on the eastern part of the southern end of Malioboro. Surrounding the Kraton is a densely populated residential neighbourhood that occupies land that was formerly the Sultan's sole domain. Evidence of this former use remains in the form of old walls, scattered throughout

1200-607: The Dutch East India Company , and ceded some Mataram territory to the Dutch. Prince Mangkubumi, stood against the agreement, citing concerns that the people would become slaves under Dutch rule. During the war, Prince Mangkubumi defeated Pakubuwono II's forces and declared sovereignty in the Sultanate of Yogyakarta, occupying the southern parts of the former Mataram Sultanate. With Pakubowono II dead from illness,

1260-586: The National Museum of Indonesia , Jakarta . Yogyakarta (city) Yogyakarta ( English: / ˌ j oʊ ɡ j ə ˈ k ɑːr t ə / YOHG -yə- KAR -tə ; Javanese : ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ Ngayogyakarta [ŋɑːˈjɔɡjɔˈkɑːrtɔ] ; Petjo : Jogjakarta ) is the capital city of the Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia , in the south-central part of the island of Java . As

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1320-855: The Rajasa dynasty , the title of Bhre Mataram was held by the king's nephew and son-in-law Wikramawardhana , later the fifth king of Majapahit. Kotagede , now a district in southeastern Yogyakarta, was established as the capital of the Mataram Sultanate from 1587 to 1613. During the reign of Sultan Agung Hanyokrokusumo (1613–1645), the Mataram Sultanate reached its zenith as the greatest kingdom in Java, and expanded its influence to Central Java, East Java, and half of West Java. After two changes of capital—to Karta and then to Plered, both located in present-day Bantul Regency —the capital of

1380-631: The Sañjaya dynasty , King Mpu Sindok of Mataram , moved the seat of power of the Mataram Kingdom from Central Java to East Java and thus established the Isyana dynasty . The exact cause of the move is still uncertain; however, a severe eruption from Mount Merapi or a power struggle with the Sumatra -based Srivijaya kingdom probably caused the move. Historians suggest that some time during

1440-606: The Yogyakarta Sultanate was established as a result of the Treaty of Giyanti ( Perjanjian Gianti ), signed and ratified on 13 February 1755 among Prince Mangkubumi, the Dutch East India Company, and his nephew Pakubuwono III and his allies. Ascending to the newly created Yogyakarta throne with the name Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, Mangkubumi thus established the royal House of Hamengkubuwono , still

1500-409: The 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages within each district, and its post codes. ꦩꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦶꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀ ꦏꦿꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ ꦩꦼꦂꦒꦁꦱꦤ꧀ ꦈꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦭ꧀ꦲꦂꦗ ꦏꦸꦛꦒꦼꦝꦺ ꦒꦤ꧀ꦢꦏꦸꦱꦸꦩꦤ꧀ ꦢꦤꦸꦸꦉꦗꦤ꧀ ꦥꦏꦸꦮꦭꦩ꧀ꦩꦤ꧀ ꦒꦤ꧀ꦢꦩꦤꦤ꧀ ꦔꦩ꧀ꦥꦶꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦮꦶꦫꦧꦿꦗꦤ꧀ ꦒꦼꦝꦺꦴꦁꦠꦼꦔꦼꦤ꧀ ꦗꦼꦛꦶꦱ꧀ ꦠꦼꦒꦭ꧀ꦉꦗ In 2017,

1560-443: The 2020 census, Magelang has a total population of 121,526. Magelang's population was 60,234 men (49% of the total population) and 61,292 women (51% of the total population). By mid-2023, this had increased to 122,150 inhabitants (60,615 males and 61,535 females). Magelang is the closest major town to Borobudur , a ninth-century Buddhist monument located about 40 km (25 mi) northwest of Yogyakarta . Just 12 km from

1620-550: The Dutch and the withdrawal of Dutch forces from Yogyakarta. On 29 June 1949 Yogyakarta was completely cleared of Dutch forces, under pressure from the United Nations . For its significant contribution to the survival of the Indonesian Republic, Yogyakarta was given autonomy as a "special district", making it the only region headed by a recognised monarchy in Indonesia . The area of the city of Yogyakarta

1680-468: The Greater Yogyakarta area lies Yogyakarta city. Yogyakarta is divided into fourteen district -level subdivisions called kemantren ( Javanese : ꦏꦼꦩꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦤ꧀ ), which makes Yogyakarta the only city in Indonesia to have such a designation, as it applied only within the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Below is a list of the kemantren s with their areas and their populations as at the 2010 Census and

1740-822: The Gross Domestic Regional Product (GRDP) of Yogyakarta City at current prices was 31.31 trillion rupiahs (around US$ 2.2 billion). The tertiary sector contributed an important share (around 78% of GDP). the tertiary sector included wholesale and retail trade; repair of cars and motorcycles, transportation and warehousing; provision of accommodation and eating and drinking; information and communication; financial services and insurance; real estate; corporate services; government administration, defence and compulsory social security; educational services; health services and social activities as well as other services. In 2017, economic growth of Yogyakarta City reached 5.24 percent slightly faster compared to 2016, which

1800-409: The Mataram Sultanate finally moved to Kartasura . A civil war in the Mataram Sultanate broke out between Pakubuwono II (1745–1749), the last ruler of Kartasura , and his younger brother and heir apparent to the throne, Prince Mangkubumi (later known as Hamengkubuwono I, the first Sultan of Yogyakarta , and the founder of the current ruling royal house). Pakubuwono II had agreed to cooperate with

1860-588: The Yogyakarta court humiliated. The sultanate found itself involved in conflict again during the Java War . In 1942, the Japanese Empire invaded the Dutch East Indies and ruled Java until they were defeated in 1945. Sukarno proclaimed the independence of the Indonesian Republic on 17 August 1945; Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX promptly sent a letter to Sukarno, expressing his support for

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1920-560: The Yogyakarta court to launch an attack against the British led to uneasiness among the Britons stationed in Java. On 20 June 1812, Sir Stamford Raffles led a 1,200-strong British force to capture the Yogyakarta kraton. The Yogyakarta forces, surprised by the attack, were easily defeated; the kraton fell in one day, and was subsequently sacked and burnt. The attack on the kraton was the first of its kind in Indonesian history , leaving

1980-514: The added prefix nga -. In the orthography of the time , the proper name was spelt with the Latin alphabet as "Jogjakarta". As the orthography of the Indonesian language changed, the consonant / j / came to be written with ⟨y⟩ , and the consonant / dʒ / with ⟨j⟩ . Personal and geographical names however, were allowed to maintain their original spelling according to contemporary Indonesian orthography . Thus,

2040-643: The airport, especially Adisucipto, from Magelang takes about one hour by bus car, or taxi. But today the easier way to reach Adi Sucipto International Airport in Yogyakarta is by using DAMRI buses that are specially operated to carry people from Magelang to Adi Sucipto Airport and its way back. Following lava flows from Mount Merapi through the Kali Putih River in Gempol in 2011, the main road connecting Magelang and Yogyakarta has closed several times. An estimated Rp.64 billion ($ 7.3 million) project to build

2100-482: The area of the Buddhist Shailendra dynasty . Mataram became the centre of a refined and sophisticated Javanese Hindu-Buddhist culture for about three centuries in the heartland of the Progo River valley , on the southern slopes of Mount Merapi volcano. This time period witnessed the construction of numerous candi , including Borobudur and Prambanan . Around the year 929 CE, the last ruler of

2160-543: The area traditionally known as "Mataram" became the capital of the Medang Kingdom , identified as Mdang i Bhumi Mataram established by King Sanjaya of Mataram . The inscription was found in a Hindu temple in Central Java, 40 km away from Yogyakarta and 20 km away from the giant Borobudur temple complex . This Hindu temple itself was on the border between the area of the Hindu Sañjaya dynasty and

2220-562: The branch campus of the Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health, Semarang. The main transportation which are operating in Magelang are cars, motorcycles, buses, paddy cabs, becak, and bicycles. Today, the most popular of them are cars and motorcycles. Even almost all of the households have a motorcycle as a means of mobility in daily activity. Then, public transportation is mainly using buses and cars. Magelang used to have

2280-421: The capital of Central Java. Magelang was established on 11 April 1907. Magelang was then known as a village called Mantyasih , which is now known as Meteseh . There are three steles of historical importance in Magelang, namely Poh, Gilikan, and Mantyasih, all of which are written on a plate of copper. Poh and Mantyasih were written under the rule of King Balitung of Mataram Kingdom . In those steles,

2340-403: The chair. A statue in his honour stands in Magelang's town square. Jalan Pemuda ("Youth Street") is Magelang's Pecinan ( Chinatown ). The one-way 1.5-kilometre-long (0.93 mi) road is the centre of business and includes shops, a minimarket, and restaurants. The road, running along a former railroad, is divided with a narrow section reserved for rickshaws . The alun-alun or town square

2400-512: The city can be written as "Yogyakarta", which is true to its original pronunciation and the Javanese script spelling, or "Jogjakarta", which is true to the old Dutch spelling and reflects popular pronunciation today, but differs from the original Ayodhya etymology. One may encounter either "Yogyakarta" or "Jogjakarta" in contemporary documents. According to the Canggal inscription dated 732 CE,

2460-479: The city, and the ruins of the Taman Sari water castle, built in 1758 as a pleasure garden. No longer in use by the Sultan, the garden was largely abandoned before being used for housing by palace employees and descendants. Reconstruction efforts began in 2004, and the site is now a popular tourist attraction. Nearby to the city of Yogyakarta is Mount Merapi , with the northern outskirts of the city running up to

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2520-586: The country's largest institute of higher education and one of its most prestigious. Yogyakarta is the capital of the Yogyakarta Sultanate and served as the Indonesian capital from 1946 to 1948 during the Indonesian National Revolution , with Gedung Agung as the president's office. One of the districts in southeastern Yogyakarta, Kotagede , was the capital of the Mataram Sultanate between 1587 and 1613. The city's population

2580-508: The discovery of 30 Netherlands government documents submitted to the Tokyo tribunal as evidence of a forced mass prostitution incident by the Japanese army in 1944 in Magelang. After the independence of Indonesia , Magelang became kotapraja (same level as a district) and then kotamadya (same level as a city). Magelang City is a city which is located in a fertile agricultural area that

2640-422: The early 20th century, it was discovered that three Buddhist temples in the region, Borobudur, Pawon and Mendut , fall on a straight line. This may be coincidence, but is in agreement with a native folk tale that there was an ancient brick road from Borobudur to Mendut with walls on both sides. The three temples have similar architecture and ornamentation, which suggests a ritual relationship between them to form

2700-413: The growth reached 5.11 percent. To rapidly jumpstart the economy, a plan for the 2nd phase of Indonesian high speed train is currently being developed from Bandung to Yogyakarta & Solo , initiating construction by 2020, which is projected to be completed by 2024. This proposal would connect to other high-speed rail in Indonesia . A large majority of the population are Javanese . However, as

2760-588: The locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (all classed as kelurahan ), and their postcodes. Magelang Selatan: Magelang Tengah: Magelang Utara: The people of Magelang mostly are Javanese and have a diverse set of beliefs and religions. The majority of Magelang's population follows Islam (85.68%), but there are minority groups such as Christianity (13.80%), Buddhism (0.4%), Hinduism (0.08%), and there are also spiritualism and traditional Javanese belief (0.01%). Religion in Magelang (2021) Based on

2820-618: The newly born nation of Indonesia and acknowledging the Yogyakarta Sultanate as part of the Indonesian Republic. The Sultanate of Surakarta did the same, and both of the Javanese kingdoms were accordingly awarded privileged statuses as "Special Regions" within the Indonesian Republic. However, because of a leftist anti-royalist uprising in Surakarta, the Sunanate of Surakarta lost its special administrative status in 1946 and

2880-458: The only Indonesian royal city still ruled by a monarchy , Yogyakarta is regarded as an important centre for classical Javanese fine arts and culture such as ballet, batik textiles, drama, literature , music , poetry , silversmithing, visual arts , and wayang puppetry. Renowned as a centre of Indonesian education , Yogyakarta is home to a large student population and dozens of schools and universities, including Gadjah Mada University ,

2940-566: The plan to raise its status to the Sports Centre of Central Java. It is located in the east of the Progo River. Stadion Gemilang Kabupaten Magelang is located in the town of Blondo . It has a capacity of 15,000 and it is used mostly for football matches. A 28-hectare park, Kyai Langgeng , is located at Cempaka Street approximately one kilometer south of the city centre. Research is undertaken on rare plant species here. The park has

3000-399: The precipitation in the driest months between June and September are below 100 millimetres (3.9 inches). The wettest month in Yogyakarta is January with precipitation totalling 392 millimetres (15.4 inches). The climate is influenced by the monsoon. The annual temperature is roughly about 26 to 27 Celsius. The hottest month is April with average temperature 27.1 Celsius. The city of Yogyakarta

3060-665: The reign of King Wawa of Mataram (924–929 CE), Merapi erupted and devastated the kingdom's capital in Mataram. During the Majapahit era, the area surrounding modern Yogyakarta was identified again as "Mataram" and recognised as one of the twelve Majapahit provinces in Java ruled by Bhre Mataram . During the reign of the fourth king of the Majapahit Empire, the Hindu King Hayam Wuruk (1350–1389) of

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3120-482: The religious composition in Yogyakarta was distributed over Islam (82.32%), Catholicism (10,66%), Protestantism (6.54%), Buddhism (0.34%), Hinduism (0.13%), and Confucianism (0.01%). Yogyakarta has been traditionally known as a region where different faiths live in harmony , but in recent years religious intolerance has grown. In 2018, the governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta , Hamengkubuwono X , called for religious freedoms to be preserved after

3180-547: The ruling house of Yogyakarta today. Sultan Hamengkubuwono I and his family officially moved into the Palace of Yogyakarta , still the seat of the reigning sultan , on 7 October 1756. These events consequently marked the end of the Mataram Sultanate, resulting in the births of the rival Yogyakarta Sultanate and the Surakarta Sunanate . During the brief period of British rule over Java in 1811, rumours of plans by

3240-531: The southern slopes of the mountain in Sleman Regency . Mount Merapi (literally "mountain of fire" in both Indonesian and Javanese), is an active stratovolcano located on the border between Central Java and Yogyakarta. It is the most active volcano in Indonesia and has erupted regularly since 1548, with the last eruption occurring in May 2018. Yogyakarta features a tropical monsoon climate ( Köppen : Am ) as

3300-452: The town centre is Candi Selogriyo, an eighth-century Hindu temple near the village of Candisari. The Canggal Temple (Gunung Wukir Temple), also located in the Magelang regency, has a Sanskrit transcription bearing the name of the first Mataram Kingdom ruler, Sanjaya . There is white water rafting on the Elo River, located in the district of Magelang. The Elo River disgorges from Mount Merbabu , Mount Telomoyo , and Mount Ungaran , so it

3360-452: The town's buildings from the Dutch East Indies era have become heritage landmarks. The Karesidenan Kedu building is now known as Museum Kamar Pengabdian Diponegoro , where Prince Diponegoro was arrested by the Dutch colonial government during the Java War (1825–1830). The chair on which the Prince sat remains in the museum. A fingernail, believed to be Diponegoro's, remains on the arm of

3420-478: The villages of Mantyasih and Glanggang were mentioned. They became Meteseh and Magelang respectively. On the Mantyasih stele, it mentioned the name of King Watukura Dyah Balitung, as well as 829 Çaka bulan Çaitra tanggal 11 Paro-Gelap Paringkelan Tungle, Pasaran Umanis hari Senais Sçara atau Sabtu , which means Saturday Legi , 11 April 907. The village Mantyasih was made by the king as a tax-free village which

3480-454: Was 388,627 at the 2010 Census, and 373,589 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 375,699, composed of 182,840 males and 192,859 females. Its metropolitan area was home to 4,010,436 inhabitants in 2010, which includes the city of Magelang and 65 districts across Sleman , Klaten , Bantul , Kulon Progo and Magelang regencies. Yogyakarta has one of the highest HDI (Human Development Index) in Indonesia. Yogyakarta

3540-690: Was absorbed into Central Java Province. Yogyakarta's support was essential in the Indonesian struggle for independence during the Indonesian National Revolution (1945–1949). The city of Yogyakarta became the capital of the Indonesian Republic from 1946 to 1948, after the fall of Jakarta to the Dutch. Later the Dutch also invaded Yogyakarta , causing the Republic's capital to be transferred once again, to Bukittinggi in West Sumatra on 19 December 1948. The General Offensive of 1 March 1949 resulted in an Indonesian political and strategic victory against

3600-529: Was led by a patih (similar to the Prime Minister nowadays). Also mentioned are Mount Susundara and Mount Wukir Sumbing which is now known as Mount Sindoro and Mount Sumbing . When Britain colonised Magelang in the eighteenth century, Magelang became the seat of the government and was made to the same level as a regency with Mas Ngabehi Danukromo as its first leader (Bupati). Mas Ngabehi Danukromo built Alun-Alun ( town square ), bupati residence, and

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