55-492: Boryeong ( Korean : 보령 ; Korean pronunciation: [po.ɾjʌŋ] ), commonly known as Daecheon , is a city in South Chungcheong Province , South Korea. Boryeong is known around Korea for its beaches, particularly Daecheon Beach , and the annual Boryeong Mud Festival around July. The city's beach-mud is widely touted for its cosmetic properties. As elsewhere along the southwest coast of
110-465: A 1.5 km long, bow-shaped beach of fine sand. A good place to eat abalone, turban shell or sea urchin, the island has so far avoided tourist developments. Hodo Island was severely affected by the 2007 oil spill in Taean area to the north. Hundreds of volunteers worked to clean the area and prevent the oil from spreading in the sea with the tides. Many of the volunteers came from the public schools as
165-484: A Korean influence on Khitan. The hypothesis that Korean could be related to Japanese has had some supporters due to some overlap in vocabulary and similar grammatical features that have been elaborated upon by such researchers as Samuel E. Martin and Roy Andrew Miller . Sergei Starostin (1991) found about 25% of potential cognates in the Japanese–Korean 100-word Swadesh list . Some linguists concerned with
220-480: A core vowel. The IPA symbol ⟨ ◌͈ ⟩ ( U+0348 ◌͈ COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE BELOW ) is used to denote the tensed consonants /p͈/, /t͈/, /k͈/, /t͡ɕ͈/, /s͈/ . Its official use in the extensions to the IPA is for "strong" articulation, but is used in the literature for faucalized voice . The Korean consonants also have elements of stiff voice , but it is not yet known how typical this
275-545: A large portion of sea and numerous islands, among which the largest is Wonsando; other islands are Sapsido, Nokdo, Oeyeondo, Janggodo, Godaedo, Hodo, and many islets. As Seohae is a coastal area with a developed Ria coast , there are areas that have been reclaimed from the sea. If you look at Nampo-myeon, Jugyo-myeon, and Cheongcheong-myeon, there is a large farmland along the sea, which was created by reclamation. It also includes several mountains: Seongjusan Mountain, Oseosan Mountain, Amisan Mountain and Okmasan Mountain. As it
330-545: A later founder effect diminished the internal variety of both language families. Since the establishment of two independent governments, North–South differences have developed in standard Korean, including variations in pronunciation and vocabulary chosen. However, these minor differences can be found in any of the Korean dialects , which are still largely mutually intelligible . The Chinese language , written with Chinese characters and read with Sino-Xenic pronunciations ,
385-574: A possible relationship.) Hudson & Robbeets (2020) suggested that there are traces of a pre- Nivkh substratum in Korean. According to the hypothesis, ancestral varieties of Nivkh (also known as Amuric ) were once distributed on the Korean Peninsula before the arrival of Koreanic speakers. Korean syllable structure is (C)(G)V(C), consisting of an optional onset consonant, glide /j, w, ɰ/ and final coda /p, t, k, m, n, ŋ, l/ surrounding
440-675: A production of 8.28 GW, for a total cost of over 50 trillion won. See also Taean Power Station , a coal power station . Boryeong public schools are operated by the Chungnam Office of Education . There are numerous schools in the Chungnam Province which includes the city of Boryeong. Boryeong is twinned with: 36°20′N 126°37′E / 36.333°N 126.617°E / 36.333; 126.617 Korean language Korean ( South Korean : 한국어 , Hanguk-eo ; North Korean : 조선어 , Chosŏnŏ )
495-619: A result of a direct appeal by the South Korean government relayed through the provincial school districts. The Seongjusan National Forest (or Seongjusan Recreational Forest), east of Boryeong, is in the Charyeongsan Mountains. It is linked to the town by a bus line and can be reached by driving to the entrance of Mt. Seongjusan ("san" means "mountain" in Korean). Seongjusan's altitude is 677 m. A hiking trail leads from
550-882: A steep hill near the Han River, in the part of the province that is famous for having been the center of the Baekje Dynasty . Goransa is reached via the city of Buyeo , by car or bus. Muryangsa can also be reached by car or bus. Seodoksa can be reached by car, bus, or train. Dinosaur footprint fossils are found near Yeongseong Beach, on the small island of Hakseong-ri, in Cheonbuk-myeon, some 25 km north of Boryeong. Other notable sites are Seongjusaji temple, Ocheon Chungcheong Suyeongseong fortress, Boryeong fortress and gate, Nampo Gwanamun (gate), Oeyeondo evergreen forest, Mugunghwa Arboretum, Boryeong Museum, Cheongso station and Galmaemot catholic shrine. Besides
605-666: Is accessed by a 30-minutes boat journey from Daecheon Port, landing at Jeodu. It is also connected to mainland Taean-gun by the Wonsan-Anmyeon Grand Bridge (National Highway 77) to the north, and by a 7-km long undersea tunnel to the south - the longest submarine tunnel in Korea. The largest village is Seonchon, a 10-minutes walk away from Jeodu. Wonsando beach has long been known for its fine quartz sand, gentle gradient, clean seawater, suitable water temperature and gentle tide due to its south-facing position. Fishing in
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#1732780685452660-619: Is also generated by longstanding alliances, military involvement, and diplomacy, such as between South Korea–United States and China–North Korea since the end of World War II and the Korean War . Along with other languages such as Chinese and Arabic , Korean is ranked at the top difficulty level for English speakers by the United States Department of Defense . Modern Korean descends from Middle Korean , which in turn descends from Old Korean , which descends from
715-656: Is an agglutinative language . The Korean language is traditionally considered to have nine parts of speech . Modifiers generally precede the modified words, and in the case of verb modifiers, can be serially appended. The sentence structure or basic form of a Korean sentence is subject–object–verb (SOV), but the verb is the only required and immovable element and word order is highly flexible, as in many other agglutinative languages. Question 가게에 gage-e store- LOC 가셨어요? ga-syeo-sseo-yo go- HON . PAST - CONJ - POL 가게에 가셨어요? gage-e ga-syeo-sseo-yo store-LOC go-HON.PAST-CONJ-POL 'Did [you] go to
770-511: Is closer to a near-open central vowel ( [ɐ] ), though ⟨a⟩ is still used for tradition. Grammatical morphemes may change shape depending on the preceding sounds. Examples include -eun/-neun ( -은/-는 ) and -i/-ga ( -이/-가 ). Sometimes sounds may be inserted instead. Examples include -eul/-reul ( -을/-를 ), -euro/-ro ( -으로/-로 ), -eseo/-seo ( -에서/-서 ), -ideunji/-deunji ( -이든지/-든지 ) and -iya/-ya ( -이야/-야 ). Some verbs may also change shape morphophonemically. Korean
825-477: Is diverse. Seafood is still sold at the public market in Boryeong despite the rapid westernization that is occurring. Most of the produce vendors are elderly citizens. Consequently, the old and the new have collided in Boryeong, making it an example of "Dynamic Korea", the governments phrase to describe Korea in the 21st century. Most of the fresh produce and seafood vendors do not have shops; they set up stalls on
880-558: Is linked to Boryeong by a public bus line. Daecheun Port shelters Republic of Korea Navy 's 3rd Fleet since 2013, including a patrol class corvette (1,270 t , 88.3 m length, 10 m width, 25.2 m height). See also Incheon -class frigate and Daegu -class frigate . Wosando, or Wonsan Island, formerly known as Koman Island, is the second biggest island in Chungnam Province (behind Anmyeondo in Taean County ). It
935-399: Is mainly reserved for specific circumstances such as newspapers, scholarly papers and disambiguation. Today Hanja is largely unused in everyday life but is still important for historical and linguistic studies. The Korean names for the language are based on the names for Korea used in both South Korea and North Korea. The English word "Korean" is derived from Goryeo , which is thought to be
990-399: Is of faucalized consonants. They are produced with a partially constricted glottis and additional subglottal pressure in addition to tense vocal tract walls, laryngeal lowering, or other expansion of the larynx. /s/ is aspirated [sʰ] and becomes an alveolo-palatal [ɕʰ] before [j] or [i] for most speakers (but see North–South differences in the Korean language ). This occurs with
1045-671: Is relatively close to the capital, Daecheon Beach attracts huge crowds during the summer season. Since 1998, the Boryeong Mud Festival has been held every year in mid-July. Boryeong is located on the Janghang Line railroad, which connects it to Seoul via the Gyeongbu Line . Daecheon Station was opened on December 21, 2007, replacing the old station (now closed) in downtown Boryeong. It can be reached by foot, by bus or by expressway . The Janghang Line
1100-471: Is relatively weaker. It was originally a peninsula. In 1638, Yeonguijeong Kim Yuk ordered the flooding of the area between Changgiri (Anmyeoneup) and Sinonri (Nammyeon) to protect tax sent to Hanyang (now Seoul ) from plunder by Japanese pirates . In 1970, the Anmyeongyo bridge (length 208.5 metres) was constructed to connect the island to the mainland. This South Korea location article
1155-544: Is the native language for about 81 million people, mostly of Korean descent. It is the national language of both North Korea and South Korea . Beyond Korea, the language is recognized as a minority language in parts of China , namely Jilin , and specifically Yanbian Prefecture , and Changbai County . It is also spoken by Sakhalin Koreans in parts of Sakhalin , the Russian island just north of Japan, and by
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#17327806854521210-437: Is the only railway line serving Daecheon station. The main stations served by this line are Yongsan ( Seoul ), Cheonan , and Iksan . Millions of people use this line to get to Daecheon every year. The Seohaean Expressway 15 runs from Seoul through Boryeong and further south to Mokpo (102 km). Daecheon Beach is about 3 km away from Boryeong (up to 12 km, depending on the original or destination point). It
1265-747: Is well attested in Western Old Japanese and Northern Ryukyuan languages , in Eastern Old Japanese it only occurs in compounds, and it is only present in three dialects of the Southern Ryukyuan language group . Also, the doublet wo meaning "hemp" is attested in Western Old Japanese and Southern Ryukyuan languages. It is thus plausible to assume a borrowed term. (See Classification of the Japonic languages or Comparison of Japanese and Korean for further details on
1320-521: The Koryo-saram in parts of Central Asia . The language has a few extinct relatives which—along with the Jeju language (Jejuan) of Jeju Island and Korean itself—form the compact Koreanic language family . Even so, Jejuan and Korean are not mutually intelligible . The linguistic homeland of Korean is suggested to be somewhere in contemporary Manchuria . The hierarchy of the society from which
1375-527: The yangban aristocracy, who looked down upon it too easy to learn. However, it gained widespread use among the common class and was widely used to print popular novels which were enjoyed by the common class. Since few people could understand official documents written in classical Chinese, Korean kings sometimes released public notices entirely written in Hangul as early as the 16th century for all Korean classes, including uneducated peasants and slaves. By
1430-473: The Korean peninsula , there are numerous small islands, many of which are connected by ferry to Daecheon Port. Boryeong gained its present boundaries in 1995, with the merger of Boryeong-gun and Daecheon City. Previously, the two entities had been united under the name Boryeong County (Boryeong-gun) since the Joseon Dynasty and had been separated in 1986. It is believed to have been Manro-guk during
1485-589: The Proto-Koreanic language , which is generally suggested to have its linguistic homeland somewhere in Manchuria . Whitman (2012) suggests that the proto-Koreans, already present in northern Korea, expanded into the southern part of the Korean Peninsula at around 300 BC and coexisted with the descendants of the Japonic Mumun cultivators (or assimilated them). Both had influence on each other and
1540-568: The Three Kingdoms of Korea (not the ancient confederacies in the southern Korean Peninsula), while " -eo " and " -mal " mean "language" and "speech", respectively. Korean is also simply referred to as guk-eo , literally "national language". This name is based on the same Han characters ( 國語 "nation" + "language") that are also used in Taiwan and Japan to refer to their respective national languages. In North Korea and China ,
1595-889: The 17th century, the yangban had exchanged Hangul letters with slaves, which suggests a high literacy rate of Hangul during the Joseon era. In the context of growing Korean nationalism in the 19th century, the Gabo Reform of 1894 abolished the Confucian examinations and decreed that government documents would be issued in Hangul instead of literary Chinese. Some newspapers were published entirely in Hangul, but other publications used Korean mixed script , with Hanja for Sino-Korean vocabulary and Hangul for other elements. North Korea abolished Hanja in writing in 1949, but continues to teach them in schools. Their usage in South Korea
1650-408: The 20th century. The script uses 24 basic letters ( jamo ) and 27 complex letters formed from the basic ones. When first recorded in historical texts, Korean was only a spoken language . Since the turn of the 21st century, aspects of Korean culture have spread to other countries through globalization and cultural exports . As such, interest in Korean language acquisition (as a foreign language )
1705-628: The Boryeong Spring Cool Tunnel & Rest Area mentioned above. Grape from the Nampo area is noted for its sweet taste. Various edible greens are produced around Misan (some 20 km south-east of Boryeong), including seasoned aster . Painted maple from the forest on Seongjusan Mountain provide their sap. Sungdong-ri in Jusan is known for its strawberries, Chungso for its chestnut trees, Jupo for its sun-dried salt. The economy
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1760-690: The Mahan Dynasty, and became Sinchon County in Baekje , and Seonseong County in Silla during the reign of King Gyeongdeok. During the Goryeo Dynasty, it was renamed Boryeong County, the name it still uses today. Originally, there were three towns, Boryeong, Ocheon, and Nampo, but on 1 April 1914, it was merged into Boryeong-gun as part of the Japanese administrative reorganisation. In that year,
1815-553: The Seongjusan National Forest, east of Boryeong. It opened in 2016. One former mining gallery on the slopes of Seongjusan Mountain, several hundreds of meter long, has been turned into a cooling tunnel called the Boryeong Spring Cool Tunnel & Rest Area. It remains at a steady temperature of around 12 °C even in summer. This is one of the former mining galleries where mushrooms are grown, and button mushrooms cultivated there are cooked on-site for dining on
1870-455: The beginnings of words. /l/ becomes alveolar flap [ɾ] between vowels, and [l] or [ɭ] at the end of a syllable or next to another /l/ . A written syllable-final ' ㄹ ', when followed by a vowel or a glide ( i.e. , when the next character starts with ' ㅇ '), migrates to the next syllable and thus becomes [ɾ] . Traditionally, /l/ was disallowed at the beginning of a word. It disappeared before [j] , and otherwise became /n/ . However,
1925-669: The county government office was moved from Shinseong-ri (now Boryeong-ri) in Jupo-myeon to Daecheon-myeon. The city is commonly known as either Boryeong or Daecheon . Boryeong name is older. Boryeong is on the coast of the Yellow Sea , 171 km south of Seoul. Its administrative district includes 12 administrative divisions: Cheonbuk- myeon , Cheongso-myeon, Ocheon-myeon, Jupo-myeon, Cheongra-myeon, Jugyo-myeon, Daecheon-myeon, Seonju-myeon, Nampo-myeon, Misan-myeon, Ungcheon- eup and Jusan-myeon. Its territory includes
1980-399: The first Korean dynasty known to Western nations. Korean people in the former USSR refer to themselves as Koryo-saram or Koryo-in (literally, " Koryo/Goryeo persons"), and call the language Koryo-mal' . Some older English sources also use the spelling "Corea" to refer to the nation, and its inflected form for the language, culture and people, "Korea" becoming more popular in
2035-418: The first promotion of the mud from the mud flats or getbol as a medium for the development of tourism, in the hope of boosting the local economy. This started in 1994 with the creation of Daecheon Natural Mud Massage House, Boryeong's first tourist business; 1998 saw the first Mud Festival, which was more successful than expected and has since reached international notoriety. There is a coal mining museum near
2090-479: The inflow of western loanwords changed the trend, and now word-initial /l/ (mostly from English loanwords) are pronounced as a free variation of either [ɾ] or [l] . All obstruents (plosives, affricates, fricatives) at the end of a word are pronounced with no audible release , [p̚, t̚, k̚] . Plosive sounds /p, t, k/ become nasals [m, n, ŋ] before nasal sounds. Hangul spelling does not reflect these assimilatory pronunciation rules, but rather maintains
2145-408: The issue between Japanese and Korean, including Alexander Vovin, have argued that the indicated similarities are not due to any genetic relationship , but rather to a sprachbund effect and heavy borrowing, especially from Ancient Korean into Western Old Japanese . A good example might be Middle Korean sàm and Japanese asá , meaning " hemp ". This word seems to be a cognate, but although it
2200-639: The language is most often called Joseon-mal , or more formally, Joseon-o . This is taken from the North Korean name for Korea (Joseon), a name retained from the Joseon dynasty until the proclamation of the Korean Empire , which in turn was annexed by the Empire of Japan . In mainland China , following the establishment of diplomatic relations with South Korea in 1992, the term Cháoxiǎnyǔ or
2255-472: The language originates deeply influences the language, leading to a system of speech levels and honorifics indicative of the formality of any given situation. Modern Korean is written in the Korean script ( 한글 ; Hangeul in South Korea, 조선글 ; Chosŏn'gŭl in North Korea), a system developed during the 15th century for that purpose, although it did not become the primary script until
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2310-455: The late 1800s. In South Korea the Korean language is referred to by many names including hanguk-eo ("Korean language"), hanguk-mal ("Korean speech") and uri-mal ("our language"); " hanguk " is taken from the name of the Korean Empire ( 대한제국 ; 大韓帝國 ; Daehan Jeguk ). The " han " ( 韓 ) in Hanguk and Daehan Jeguk is derived from Samhan , in reference to
2365-403: The now internationally famous Boryeong Mud Festival , the area holds several other festivals: Up to the 1980s, the economy was dominated by the local mines - mainly coal but also tremolite , a highly carcinogenic element exploited for several decades since 1930 (tremolite asbestos), and other elements. The economy slumped after the closure of the local mines around 1990. That same decade saw
2420-463: The population was illiterate. In the 15th century King Sejong the Great personally developed an alphabetic featural writing system , known today as Hangul , to promote literacy among the common people. Introduced in the document Hunminjeongeum , it was called eonmun ('colloquial script') and quickly spread nationwide to increase literacy in Korea. The Korean alphabet was denounced by
2475-597: The project is opposed by local fishermen on the grounds that it will hinder the fishing industry. The Ministry of National Defense has also expressed disapproval, stating that it will affect military radio waves, missile firing drills and radars that guard the sea. These oppositions have so far delayed the project. As of 2024, other offshore wind farms are also planned on the west coast of South Korea: Taean (1.96 GW, for 14.9 trillion won), Boryeong 1.0 GW (6 trillion won), Boryeong Nokdo 320 MW (2 trillion won), Incheon 2.5 GW, and Jeonbuk 2.5 GW. These planned wind farms would reach
2530-463: The rocky part of the beach can bring greenlings (ray-finned fishes), arenomya (clams) and black porgy (a species of wrasse); various shellfishes can be found in the sand, and the rocks shelter Macrophthalmus ( Mareotis ) laevis (a species of crab). As of 2024, heavy tourist development is planned for the island. Wonsando has 3 main specialties: the salted sand lance, the Wonsando laver and
2585-669: The short form Cháoyǔ has normally been used to refer to the standard language of North Korea and Yanbian , whereas Hánguóyǔ or the short form Hányǔ is used to refer to the standard language of South Korea. Korean is a member of the Koreanic family along with the Jeju language . Some linguists have included it in the Altaic family, but the core Altaic proposal itself has lost most of its prior support. The Khitan language has several vocabulary items similar to Korean that are not found in other Mongolian or Tungusic languages, suggesting
2640-403: The sidewalks in front of other businesses. Thursdays are public market days. Boryeong offshore wind farm is planned, with Komipo (Korea Midland Power) as owner and Hanwha E & C as developer. The planned cost is 200 billion won for an expected production of 1.0 GW, a planned economic impact of 1 trillion won over five years and the planned creation of more than 7,500 jobs. As of September 2023,
2695-416: The small green onion. The mass-produced salted sand lance, well-known in Boryeong, is an anchovy with a size range between 15 cm and 25 cm, salted solely with sun-dried salt then preserved at room temperature for one year. Hodo , or Ho Island, 24 km offshore from Daecheon port, is a small and quiet island with 60 households mainly gathered in a village located on its north-east coast. It boasts
2750-678: The spot. Another former mining gallery was to be transformed into an underground water-themed amusement park, but drainage problems and subsequent concerns about potential flooding led to localizing the park in Okmasan forest instead. It should open for the summer season of year 2025. But one of the abandoned tunnels will become a cold wind bath. There are still in Boryeong 24 non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying companies, extracting stones, construction sand and gravel, or miscellaneous non-metallic minerals except fuels. Western mushrooms and other mushrooms are raised in some closed mines, including
2805-426: The store?' Response 예/네. ye/ne AFF Anmyeondo Anmyeondo ( Korean : 안면도 ; Hanja : 安眠島 ; lit. rest peacefully island) is an island in Taean County , South Chungcheong Province , South Korea. It is known for its nature, particularly that on its western coast, and its agriculture. Its local economy is predominantly based on agriculture; its fishing sector
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#17327806854522860-441: The tense fricative and all the affricates as well. At the end of a syllable, /s/ changes to /t/ (example: beoseot ( 버섯 ) 'mushroom'). /h/ may become a bilabial [ɸ] before [o] or [u] , a palatal [ç] before [j] or [i] , a velar [x] before [ɯ] , a voiced [ɦ] between voiced sounds, and a [h] elsewhere. /p, t, t͡ɕ, k/ become voiced [b, d, d͡ʑ, ɡ] between voiced sounds. /m, n/ frequently denasalize at
2915-464: The underlying, partly historical morphology . Given this, it is sometimes hard to tell which actual phonemes are present in a certain word. The traditional prohibition of word-initial /ɾ/ became a morphological rule called "initial law" ( 두음법칙 ) in the pronunciation standards of South Korea, which pertains to Sino-Korean vocabulary. Such words retain their word-initial /ɾ/ in the pronunciation standards of North Korea. For example, ^NOTE ㅏ
2970-404: The visitor's parking area to the top and around. The water is pure and unspoiled as there are no large domesticated animals living above the flow of the water; the wooden spoon provided is used by all visitors. There are a few Korean temples in this region, notably Seodoksa , Muryangsa , and Goransa ("-sa" being the Korean word for temple). Goransa is in an unlikely location at the bottom of
3025-487: Was first introduced to Korea in the 1st century BC, and remained the medium of formal writing and government until the late 19th century. Korean scholars adapted Chinese characters (known in Korean as Hanja ) to write their own language, creating scripts known as idu , hyangchal , gugyeol , and gakpil. These systems were cumbersome, due to the fundamental disparities between the Korean and Chinese languages, and accessible only to those educated in classical Chinese. Most of
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