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57-534: It is situated in the eastern part of Bosanska Krajina region. The municipality of Hrvatska Dubica lies to the north, in Croatia . Kozarska Dubica is situated 26 kilometres (16 miles) from the Zagreb – Belgrade highway. The town and its suburbs border Croatia to the north, the town of Gradiška to the east, the town of Kostajnica to the west, and the town of Prijedor to the south. The land area of Kozarska Dubica

114-411: A congress that would meet once every two years, in order to help young children born outside of Kozarska Dubica to retain the heritage and cultural traditions. These celebrations typically attract many Bosniaks ; however, many Croats and Serbs also come to show their respect towards their heritage and the town of Kozarska Dubica, and to reunite with former neighbors. Hunting is a traditional sport of

171-741: A long time tradition, drawing people from different areas. Also, the Sava River is located not far from Kozarska Dubica at Jasenovac , where the Una enters the Sava. Kozarska Dubica has an old tradition in sports that dates back to the early 20th century. In the 1930s, Kozarska Dubica established a football club named SK Una. Currently, FK Borac play in the second tier- First League of the Republika Srpska . After World War II, Kozarska Dubica had an upsurge of different sport organizations . In 1962

228-537: A range of wood and food processing companies that stimulated an economic boom in this region. There was also a significant ore industry developed around the Kozara Mountain. The expressway E-661 (locally known as M-16) leads north to Croatia , existing as an expressway from Banja Luka to Laktaši and as a two-lane road from Laktaši to the Bosnian/Croatian border. This second section of the road

285-559: A significant cultural and historical identity that was formed through several historic and economic events. The territory of Bosanska Krajina is currently divided between Republika Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina . During the Medieval Bosnia period, the region of Bosanska Krajina was known as Donji Kraji ( transl.  Lower Ends ) and Zapadne Strane ( transl.  Westward Sides ). After

342-685: Is 499 square kilometres (193 sq mi). The town was originally known as "Bosanska Dubica" (Босанска Дубица in Serbian Cyrillic, literally "Bosnian Dubica") but was renamed "Kozarska Dubica" (Козарска Дубица in Serbian Cyrillic) by the authorities of Republika Srpska following the Bosnian War , which was part of a broad political resolution to remove all Bosnian prefixes. This included towns like Gradiška (Bosanska Gradiška) and Novi Grad (Bosanski Novi). Kozarska Dubica

399-473: Is a geographical region, a subregion of Bosnia , in western Bosnia and Herzegovina . It is enclosed by a number of rivers, namely the Sava (north), Glina (northwest), Vrbanja and Vrbas (east and southeast, respectively). The region is also a historic, economic, and cultural entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, noted for its preserved nature and wildlife diversity . The largest city and historical center of

456-405: Is an important development factor. Agricultural production is focused on land cultivation, cattle breeding, raising of industrial crops, and recently the development of fruit and wine growing. The climate of Kozarska Dubica is conducive to the cultivation of different kinds of vegetables. Most of the economy comes from the livestock. The largest milk production company is Mlijekoprodukt located near

513-403: Is an open-air none recycled water hydroponics relationship. The below described circumstances are not in perspective, have limited duration, and have a tendency to accumulate trace materials in soil that either there or elsewhere cause deoxygenation. The use of vast amounts of fertilizer may have unintended consequences for the environment by devastating rivers, waterways, and river endings through

570-626: Is currently being upgraded to an expressway. Under planning is two new expressways. One from Prijedor to Bosanska Dubica to shorten the travelling time to Zagreb. The other one is to the east heading towards Doboj and connecting Bosanska Krajina to the important Corridor Vc in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Banja Luka International Airport is located 23 km from Banja Luka. There are two airlines currently, B&H Airlines and Adria Airways, with regular flights to Ljubljana (four times weekly) and Zürich (three times weekly). Charter flights also operate from

627-462: Is not arable according to the FAO definition above includes: Other non-arable land includes land that is not suitable for any agricultural use. Land that is not arable, in the sense of lacking capability or suitability for cultivation for crop production, has one or more limitations – a lack of sufficient freshwater for irrigation, stoniness, steepness, adverse climate, excessive wetness with

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684-574: Is not included in this category. Data for 'Arable land' are not meant to indicate the amount of land that is potentially cultivable. A more concise definition appearing in the Eurostat glossary similarly refers to actual rather than potential uses: "land worked (ploughed or tilled) regularly, generally under a system of crop rotation ". In Britain, arable land has traditionally been contrasted with pasturable land such as heaths , which could be used for sheep-rearing but not as farmland . Arable land

741-434: Is the seawater greenhouse , which desalinates water through evaporation and condensation using solar energy as the only energy input. This technology is optimized to grow crops on desert land close to the sea. The use of artifices does not make the land arable. Rock still remains rock, and shallow – less than 6 feet (1.8 metres) – turnable soil is still not considered toilable. The use of artifice

798-540: Is the center for physiatrics , rehabilitation , and health in Kozarska Dubica, located on the northwest slopes of Kozara. A modern, specialized institution for physical medicine and rehabilitation, it provides ideal conditions for a successful rest and recovery for its clients. Fishing is a highly important industry in Kozarska Dubica. Because of its location right on the Una River , fishing has developed into

855-465: Is the hub of the railway services in Bosnia and Herzegovina, comprising more than one-half of the railway network of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Services operate to the northern and western Bosnian towns Banja Luka, Prijedor, Bosanski Novi and Bihać. The rail network also operates to Zagreb (twice daily), and Belgrade. 44°46′N 17°11′E  /  44.767°N 17.183°E  / 44.767; 17.183 Arable land Arable land (from

912-416: Is unsuitable for cultivation, yet such land has value for grazing of livestock. In British Columbia, Canada, 41 percent of the provincial Agricultural Land Reserve area is unsuitable for the production of cultivated crops, but is suitable for uncultivated production of forage usable by grazing livestock. Similar examples can be found in many rangeland areas elsewhere. Land incapable of being cultivated for

969-558: Is vulnerable to land degradation and some types of un-arable land can be enriched to create useful land. Climate change and biodiversity loss , are driving pressure on arable land. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, in 2013, the world's arable land amounted to 1.407 billion hectares, out of a total of 4.924 billion hectares of land used for agriculture. Agricultural land that

1026-525: The Croatian Home Guard in January 1942, when the village Draksenić was burned and more than 1600 were people killed. During the 1970s, Bosanska Dubica experienced a great improvement in its economy. During the 1980s there was a boom in construction and renovation which was halted by the outbreak of yet another war. The Serbian Orthodox Moštanica Monastery (Manastir Moštanica) appears on

1083-534: The Eyalet of Bosnia in 1580. The Croatian lands in general were reduced to a fraction of what they encompassed, and only the westernmost parts of today's Bosanska Krajina still resisted the Ottoman rule. Nevertheless, the Ottoman armies preferred to advance towards their targets in the northwest through more easily passable terrain, such as along the river Danube , for example Vienna was first besieged in 1529 after

1140-553: The Kingdom of Croatia under Tomislav I . Archaeological data show that medieval cemeteries of northwestern Bosnia clearly indicate that from the first half of the 10th century this territory was under the political rule of Tomislav I. Northern parts of these territories were ruled by the Slavonian Banate (parishes of Sana, Vrbas, and Dubica, while Lower Pounje was part of the parish of Zagreb) as lower Slavonia, where

1197-402: The Kingdom of Hungary 's persistent hold over the entire region, restricting them to fortified cities, and when Jajce fell again in 1528, Ottoman rule persisted almost until the end of the 19th century. In the late 15th century, a local Croatian lord ( knez ), Juraj Mikuličić, erected a fort in the village of Bužim near Bihać, fearing the advancing Ottoman army . Mikuličić died in 1495, but

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1254-581: The Latin : arabilis , "able to be ploughed ") is any land capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops. Alternatively, for the purposes of agricultural statistics, the term often has a more precise definition: Arable land is the land under temporary agricultural crops (multiple-cropped areas are counted only once), temporary meadows for mowing or pasture , land under market and kitchen gardens and land temporarily fallow (less than five years). The abandoned land resulting from shifting cultivation

1311-727: The Republic of Bihać in Bosanska Krajina. Soon afterwards, Bosanska Krajina was also the place of historical agreements that have taken place in Jajce and Mrkonjić Grad in 1943, ones that established the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in its current borders, as well as the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . During the 1992-95 Bosnian War , Bosanska Krajina was divided between Republika Srpska ,

1368-727: The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina , and the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia . The Serb entity of SAO Bosanska Krajina was established in summer 1991. The region was also a place of concentration camps, including Manjača and Omarska where Bosniaks were held, tortured, raped, and killed. For the past two years, non-Serbs in the Bosanska Krajina area have been "cleansed" through systematic persecution that includes torture , murder , rape , beatings, harassment , de jure discrimination, intimidation , expulsion from homes, confiscation of property, bombing of businesses, dismissal from work, outlawing of all scripts except

1425-928: The handball club Borac was established. On February 11, 1973, the basketball club BK Una was created. In 1982 the Karate Club Knešpolje was founded. Even today the different sports remain an important part of Kozarska Dubica. There are both male and female teams for handball. Also there are a couple of karate clubs and chess clubs. [REDACTED]   Una-Sana [REDACTED]   Central Bosnia [REDACTED]   Posavina [REDACTED]   Herzegovina-Neretva [REDACTED]   Tuzla [REDACTED]   West Herzegovina [REDACTED]   Zenica-Doboj [REDACTED]   Sarajevo [REDACTED]   Bosnian Podrinje [REDACTED]   Canton 10 Bosanska Krajina Bosanska Krajina ( Serbian Cyrillic : Босанска Крајина , pronounced [bɔ̌sanskaː krâjina] )

1482-690: The 14th century, the Ottoman Empire had significantly expanded into the western Balkans in a series of wars , and the Turkish westward incursions eventually made this region an Ottoman borderland. Jajce had fallen to the Ottoman Turks in 1463, marking the downfall of the Kingdom of Bosnia , although was later taken from the Ottoman Turks and organized as defensive Banate of Jajce. The Battle of Krbava Field in 1493 effectively ended

1539-740: The Bužim fort would not pass to Ottoman control until 1576. Bosanska Krajina was the last region in Bosnia to fall to the Ottoman Empire; the last city to fall was Bihać in 1592, which eventually paved the way for the Islamization of Bosnia and Herzegovina . After the crucial 1526 Battle of Mohács and the 1527 election in Cetin , Croatia became part of the Austrian Habsburg Empire . The Ottoman Empire formally established

1596-551: The Cyrillic in public institutions, and the destruction of cultural objects such as mosques and Catholic churches. The population of the region numbered almost one million before the Bosnian War . The composition of the current population of Bosanska Krajina has dramatically changed, because of expulsions, forced relocation and emigration during the Bosnian war in 1992–95. In the immediate aftermath of World War II Bosanska Krajina

1653-761: The Ottoman Empire lost the War of the Holy League (1683–1690) to the Habsburg monarchy and her allies, and ceded Slavonia and Hungary to Austria at the 1699 Treaty of Karlowitz , the northern and western borders of the Sanjak of Bosnia (corresponding largely to the current borders of the modern Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ), became a permanent frontier between the Austrian and Ottoman empires. In mid-1858, an uprising known as Pecija's First Revolt broke out in

1710-593: The Ottoman Turks responded by declaring the Pashaluk of Bosnia which unified all the Sanjaks, including territory in modern-day Croatia. As a result of the wars and border changes, the Catholic Croat population moved north, and was replaced with Orthodox Serbs . The Bužim fort, under Ottoman control since 1576, was successfully held by the Ottoman Turks in numerous battles (1685, 1686, 1688, 1737) and it

1767-437: The accumulation of non-degradable toxins and nitrogen-bearing molecules that remove oxygen and cause non-aerobic processes to form. Examples of infertile non-arable land being turned into fertile arable land include: One of the impacts of land degradation is that it can diminish the natural capacity of the land to store and filter water leading to water scarcity . Human-induced land degradation and water scarcity are increasing

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1824-437: The airport, and the airport can be used as a back-up to Sarajevo Airport. Zagreb Airport, due to weather conditions in winter often preferable to Sarajevo, is approximately two hours away from Banja Luka by car. Željava Air Base , situated on the border between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina under Plješevica Mountain, near the town of Bihać in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was the largest underground airport and military airbase in

1881-759: The annual Bosansko Dubičko Veče is held. It is a celebration that brings together displaced Bosnians of all ethnicities from Kozarska Dubica. Celebrations in the United States are held in Chicago and St. Louis , Illinois. In Chicago it is always held on the Saturday before Memorial Day and hosted at the Rumija Cultural Center . Sydney , Australia, also holds the same celebration in order to gather people of Kozarska Dubica from different Australian and New Zealand areas. Work continues on creating

1938-428: The army had gone through Osijek , Mohács , and Buda . The natural obstacles in and around the region, especially at the time, included the rivers Sava, Vrbas, Una and Sana , as well as the mountains such as Plješevica , Šator , Klekovača , Raduša , Grmeč , Kozara , and Vlašić . Turkish incursions expanded further to the north, and Charles of Styria erected a new fortified city of Karlovac in 1579. In 1580,

1995-461: The coat of arms of Kozarska Dubica. During the period July–September 1992 all three of the town's mosques were completely destroyed. The main town's mosque Gradska Džamija (literally Town's Mosque ), was rebuilt in 2003 and its Harem courtyard declared a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina . The bridge between Bosanska Dubica and Hrvatska Dubica was destroyed on the Croatian side. During

2052-436: The desert, hydroponics , fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, pesticides , reverse osmosis water processors, PET film insulation or other insulation against heat and cold, digging ditches and hills for protection against the wind, and installing greenhouses with internal light and heat for protection against the cold outside and to provide light in cloudy areas. Such modifications are often prohibitively expensive. An alternative

2109-514: The downfall of the Kingdom of Bosnia and subsequent Ottoman conquest of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1463, which contributed to the Ottoman territorial expansion into the western Balkans in a series of wars , the region between the Una and Vrbas rivers became known as Krajina ( transl.  Frontier ) or Bosanska Krajina ( transl.  Bosnian Frontier ). The first recorded usage of

2166-530: The former Yugoslavia and one of the largest in Europe. Prijedor also has an airfield in the north-eastern part of the city in the area of Urije. The airfield has a fleet of light aircraft and sailplanes. The airfield was used by the Yugoslav partisans and was the first operative partisan airfield during World War II. The airfield also serves as the home of the city's renovated Parachuting club. Bosanska Krajina

2223-405: The impracticality of drainage, excessive salts, or a combination of these, among others. Although such limitations may preclude cultivation, and some will in some cases preclude any agricultural use, large areas unsuitable for cultivation may still be agriculturally productive. For example, United States NRCS statistics indicate that about 59 percent of US non-federal pasture and unforested rangeland

2280-663: The jurisdiction of the Eastern Roman Empire . Shortly thereafter, Eurasian Avars and their Slavic subjects from central-eastern Europe invaded Dalmatia and settled in what is now Bosnia and Herzegovina . In the 7th century, the Serbs and Croats formed principalities initially under the Eastern Roman Empire . The region was part of the Duchy of Croatia in the Early Middle Ages . which later became part of

2337-517: The mid 19th century the term Turkish Croatia , used in some Austrian maps for the Western Balkans , was replaced in favor of region's common name, Bosanska Krajina . Sub-regions (geographical and historical) include: Bihaćka krajina , Cazinska krajina , Potkozarje , Lijevče , etc. In the 6th century, today's northwestern Bosnia was part of the Roman province of Dalmatia . It fell under

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2394-485: The municipality of Kozarska Dubica. One hunting organization is called Jele ( Deer ) The area used for hunting is around 500 square kilometres (193 sq mi). Hunting is extravagant in Kozarska Dubica because of its two big mountains, Kozara and Prosara , with the hunting area filled with rich forests. Hunting ranges from deer to smaller animals such as wild ducks . Every April an international dog hunting competition occurs in Kozarska Dubica. Spa Mlječanica

2451-625: The name Bosanska Krajina is in 1594. Also, for the same territory, the exonym Turkish Croatia appeared in German speaking Austria-Hungary in the first decades of the 18th century, and was first used in maps created by the Austro-Hungarian — Ottoman Border Commission , which was mandated by the peace treaty of Karlowitz (1699), and then the peace treaty of Passarowitz (1718), and consisted exclusively of Austrians' and Venetians' military cartographers, and one Croat (Vitezović). In

2508-570: The parish of Sana served as seat of Babonić family , and later the Blagaj family , and southern were parts were the parishes of Pset and Pliva. In the 13th and 14th century, a region called Donji Kraji (parish of Pliva), located in today's southern Bosanska Krajina developed, and was first mentioned as a property of the Diocese of Bosnia and claimed by the Bosnian Banate . By the end of

2565-402: The production of crops can sometimes be converted to arable land. New arable land makes more food and can reduce starvation . This outcome also makes a country more self-sufficient and politically independent, because food importation is reduced. Making non-arable land arable often involves digging new irrigation canals and new wells, aqueducts, desalination plants, planting trees for shade in

2622-423: The region is Banja Luka . Other cities and towns include Bihać , Bosanska Krupa , Bosanski Petrovac , Čelinac , Bosansko Grahovo , Bužim , Cazin , Drvar , Gradiška , Ključ , Kostajnica , Kozarska Dubica , Kneževo , Kotor Varoš , Laktaši , Mrkonjić Grad , Novi Grad , Prijedor , Sanski Most , Šipovo , Velika Kladuša , Teslić , and Prnjavor . Bosanska Krajina has no formal status; however, it has

2679-635: The region, resulting from Ottoman pressure against the local Serb populace. It was crushed by December. The Bosnian Frontier, like the rest of Bosnia and Herzegovina, participated in the Herzegovina Uprising against the Ottoman Empire (1875–1878). During World War II , Bosanska Krajina was known for its very strong resistance to the Fascist regime of the Independent State of Croatia . The local Serb population in Bosanska Krajina

2736-435: The town of Kozarska Dubica. It continues its tradition of growing fruits in the area. Kozarska Dubica also has an important construction company, IGP "UNA", which was established in 1962. Prior to the war there was a sugar factory operating as well. The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018): Every year outside Bosnia and Herzegovina,

2793-502: The vicinity of the villages Živaja and Šaš in Croatia. A total of 54 Serb civilians were killed by the regular Croatian army during a failed invasion from Croatia . Aside from the town of Kozarska Dubica, the municipality includes the following settlements: Situated in the valley of the rivers, the municipality of Kozarska Dubica has more than 316.09 square kilometres (122.04 sq mi) of arable land , to which agriculture

2850-602: The war the city was under siege by the Croatian Army during a failed operation called Operacija Una 95 . On September 18, 1995, the Croatian army made a descent across the Una River and took control of some parts of Bosanska Dubica. The next day, on September 19, Serb units from other parts of the front line forced the Croat army to retreat back over the river, with Serb planes from the Banja Luka airport attacked in

2907-527: Was also upgraded (1626, 1834) until their eventual surrender in the 19th century. The building remains to this day as a monument to the Ottoman conquest of Bosnia. Bihać held out longer than Bužim; it was a free royal city and at one time the capital of the Kingdom of Croatia (metropolis et propugnaculum totius regni Croatiae). But, in 1592 the Turkish army of about 20,000 under Hasan Predojević , an Ottoman vizier , attacked and forcefully occupied Bihać. When

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2964-516: Was built in 930. Dubica on the right bank of the Una it was first mentioned in 1258 as Castrum. It was the seat of the Dubica county of the Kingdom of Hungary . In 1538 Dubica came under Ottoman rule Babonići - Vodički were in charge of the town until the 12th century. Dubica became an important fort during the Ottoman Empire due to its geographic positioning. It became a vital and important border crossing for many years. The last Austrian-Turkish war

3021-590: Was considered one of the poorest regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This poverty was a contributing factor to 1950 Cazin Uprising against the communist government, the only such uprising in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina and Yugoslavia. The later economic boom and prosperity of Bosanska Krajina was mostly due to planned urban development programs that were created specifically for this region in early and mid-1970s by Urban Institute in Banja Luka. The development

3078-661: Was further stimulated by the simplification of the banking system that encouraged investments in resource processing industry. As a result, the region has seen a boom in agricultural and industrial production. Agrokomerc , a food manufacturing industry located in northwest region was the largest food manufacturer in Bosnia and Herzegovina and former Yugoslavia. Other industries included chemical industry Saniteks in Velika Kladuša, electronics industry Rudi Cajevec in Banja Luka, Textile industry Sana in Bosanski Novi as well as

3135-667: Was occupied by Axis troops and was included into the Pavelić's Independent State of Croatia (NDH). The fascist Ustashe regime committed the Genocide of the Serbs and the Holocaust . During the war, the NDH armed forces killed over 7,000 Serbs in the municipality of Bosanska Dubica, while the municipality lost more than half of its pre-war population. The biggest massacre was committed by

3192-567: Was targeted in the Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia by the regime's Croat and Bosniak bands, serving as an overture to future conflicts at the end of the 20th century. The anti-fascist Yugoslav Partisan movement in the Bosanska Krajina region was more ethnically diverse than in any other part of former Yugoslavia during World War II. In the winter of 1942–1943, the Yugoslav Partisans established

3249-400: Was the so-called Dubica War (1788–91) and was fought in this area. During the war in Dubica in the 1780s, the town, which was described at the time as having only a few houses and a mosque, was completely razed. The town fell under Ottoman occupation in 1538. Dubica encountered many different rulers during the Ottoman Empire and the later Austro-Hungarian Empire. During World War II , the town

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