A tidal river is a river whose flow and level are caused by tides . A section of a larger river affected by the tides is a tidal reach , but it may sometimes be considered a tidal river if it had been given a separate and another title name.
105-671: The Haven is the tidal river of the port of Boston, Lincolnshire in England. It provides access for shipping between Boston Deeps in The Wash and the town, particularly, the dock . It also serves as the outfall into the sea of the River Witham and of several major land drains of the northern Fens of eastern England, which are known collectively as the Witham Navigable Drains . Boston did not exist as
210-435: A "river reach." In terms of tides, tidal rivers are classified as microtidal (<2 m), mesotidal (2-4 m), and macrotidal (>4 m). Areas of brackish water seaward of the tidal river section are often called estuaries . A phenomenon commonly associated with tidal rivers is a tidal bore , where a wall of water travels upriver during a flood tide. Freshwater tidal rivers discharge large amounts of sediment and nutrients into
315-459: A children's play area and picnic area, cenotaph memorial, duck pond, football pitches (on the site of the old boating lake) and tennis courts. Fleetwood Pier , also known as 'Victoria Pier', was a feature of the town from its construction in 1910 until it was destroyed by fire in September 2008. Built at the end of the 'golden age' of pier building, it was the last pleasure pier to be built in
420-573: A coaster capsized. The company finally managed to salvage the sunken vessel, but Boston Corporation were unwilling to pay the recovery costs despite having agreed to do so. This together with a decline in the fishing industry led to the company moving its fleet to Fleetwood in Lancashire in 1923 and Boston delining as a fishing port. In 2020, Boston still has a fishing fleet of around 26 boats, but rather than deep sea trawlers, they work locally landing their catches of cockles, mussels and shrimps. As
525-506: A ford. Two ancient trackways met there, one heading northwards to the Wolds, close to the route of the modern A16 road, while the other followed the coast, parts of which have been reused by the A52 road. The Wolds trackway ran along a slightly raised causeway called the "stick", and had been used in prehistoric and Roman times. In the 12th century Boston and its Haven became busy with trade as wool
630-431: A modern concrete bridge deck on top of them. The sluice was built between 1764 and 1766 by John Grundy and Langley Edwards, while the alterations to include the lock were made in 1883. The bridge carries an inscription: "Lock opened by Edmund Turner Esq. on 8th December 1883. John Evelyn Williams engineer, William Rigby, contractor." The concrete deck to the road bridge dates from the 20th century. The next bridge downstream
735-580: A new cut from Hobhole outfall to the Wash between 1880 and 1884. Town Bridge prevented ships with masts from passing further upsteam, but river boats heading for Lincoln used the churchyard of St Botolphs as a quay. Once construction of the Grand Sluice was completed in 1766, they used a wharf above the sluice. On The Haven, boats used Packhouse Quay, subsequently known as Custom House Quay. To improve moorings, brick and stone walls were built on both banks of
840-593: A public enquiry in 2017, a £100 million project to build the barrier and associated flood defence works on both sides of the river, including widening the access to the Port of Boston wet dock, was awarded by the Environment Agency to the civil engineers BMMJV, a joint venture consisting of BAM Nuttall and Mott MacDonald . The costs of the scheme were met by the government's Flood Defence Grant in Aid fund, after it
945-523: A result of the Boston Harbour Revision Order 1989, Boston Council ceased to be the harbour authority, and this role was taken over by the Port of Boston Limited. The port is operated by Victoria Group, with facilities for docking eight ships within the wet dock and six at riverside berths. Types of cargo handled include steel, paper and forest products together with containers, bulk, palletised and general goods. The Haven starts at
1050-474: A retail centre, and housing has been built at the north end of the marina. In July 2007, a new "Masterplan" for revitalising the waterfront and town centre was submitted to the Wyre Borough Council. In 1996, Fleetwood could be seen in "A High Profile", an episode of Hetty Wainthropp Investigates . Several buildings along The Esplanade were used, one of Fleetwood's churches and others. Since
1155-546: A seaport built by the Romans called PORTVS SETANTIORVM ('the port of the Setantii') abutting Moricambe Aestuarium (presumably Morecambe Bay ). There is also evidence of a Roman road running from Ribchester to Kirkham (12 miles (19 km) southeast of Fleetwood) which then makes a sharp turn to the northwest. Together, these suggest that Fleetwood may well have been the location of this Roman port. No direct evidence of
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#17328009266811260-541: A settlement prior to 1086, when the Domesday Book failed to mention it. At the time, it was probably an un-named hamlet to the west of the larger settlement of Skirbeck , for which there were two churches recorded and two priests. One would have been St Nicholas's in Skirbeck itself, and the other was probably St Botolph's, by which name the early settlement at Boston became known. The settlement grew rapidly during
1365-474: A shallow river with a large coastal mouth. In some cases, high tides impound downstream flowing freshwater, reversing the flow and increasing the water level of the lower section of river, forming large estuaries . High tides can be noticed as far as 100 kilometres (62 mi) upstream. Oregon's Coquille River is one such stream for which that effect can be noticed. The area of a tidal river can be difficult to define. The term "tidal river" generally encompasses
1470-680: A total of forty-four buildings listed in the National Heritage List for England , all at Grade II. Fleetwood Weekly News covers the town and the North Fylde Area. The newspaper was founded in 1984 as a successor to the Fleetwood Chronicle , which had ceased publication several weeks earlier. The Chronicle itself, founded in 1843, was the oldest newspaper in the Fylde. Daily newspaper coverage
1575-480: A total of fifty councillors), nine of Fleetwood's councillors belong to Labour two to Conservatives. Prior to 1974, Fleetwood had been a municipal borough since 1933, and from 1894 to 1933, an urban district . The town is divided into five wards , Mount, Pharos, Warren, Park and Rossall. A Fleetwood parish council (known as Fleetwood Town Council) was established following a referendum in June 2009. The boundaries of
1680-683: A transport terminus obsolete. Burton designed two lighthouses for the town: The Upper Lighthouse, usually referred to as the Pharos (after the Pharos of Alexandria in Egypt, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World ), can be seen for 13 miles (21 km) and Beach Lighthouse is visible for 9 miles (14 km). Both opened in 1840. A third lighthouse, Wyre Light , built in 1839–40 by blind engineer Alexander Mitchell , offshore on
1785-450: Is Lofthouse's of Fleetwood Ltd., manufacturers of Fisherman's Friend —a menthol lozenge popular worldwide and especially in Japan . In July 2007, a new "Masterplan" for revitalizing the town around a "vibrant waterfront and a revitalised town centre" was submitted to the Wyre Borough Council. Some of the funding would come from an EU cash grant. The Masterplan was funded by Wyre Council,
1890-411: Is St Botolph's Footbridge, close to St Botolph's Church . A 213-foot (65 m) bowstring arch bridge was craned into position on 22 February 2014, to replace a steel structure dating from the 1970s. Access ramps were installed on the following day, and the surrounding area was enhanced subsequently. Part of the rationale for the new bridge, which was designed and installed by the civil engineers Britcon,
1995-516: Is a coastal town in the Borough of Wyre in Lancashire , England, at the northwest corner of the Fylde . It had a population of 25,939 at the 2011 census . Fleetwood acquired its modern character in the 1830s, when the principal landowner Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood , High Sheriff and MP, conceived an ambitious plan to re-develop the town to make it a busy seaport and railway spur. He commissioned
2100-568: Is in decline. While Wyre Borough in general has a lower unemployment rate than the rest of the United Kingdom, Fleetwood's is considerably higher. Using figures indicating benefit claimants as a percentage of total population (usually considered to be about half the 'actual' unemployment rate) the figures for August 2007 are: Average household income in August 2007 was as follows: The town's largest and most prominent single employer
2205-541: Is in the northwest corner of the Fylde coastal plain, 8 miles (13 km) north of Blackpool , on the western side of the mouth of the River Wyre. The town is on a peninsula, almost 2 miles (3 km) wide, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea , to the north by Morecambe Bay and to the east by the River Wyre estuary. Access to Fleetwood is thus restricted, and for many years there were only two roads into and out of
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#17328009266812310-491: Is moved by two 55-tonne hydraulic rams. The scheme also included a control building for the barrier, higher flood defence walls along the river, including landscaping of the right bank, and the placing of matting on the bed of the river either side of the barrier, to prevent scouring undermining the structure. The construction of the barrier was innovative, as it is quite different to the Thames Barrier in its design, and
2415-728: Is operated from an octagonal control cabin on the west bank of The Haven. Below the swing bridge is the entrance lock to the South Forty-Foot Drain , also known as the Black Sluice Navigation. This was commissioned in 2009, as part of the Fens Waterways Link , and allows boats to access 19 miles (31 km) of waterway. There are plans to provide a through link to the River Glen and onwards to Peterborough . The Haven than passes through
2520-595: Is provided by ITV Granada , the ITV franchise holder for the North West region. BBC North West is the regional BBC station serving Fleetwood. Fylde Folk Festival is held each year at the Marine Hall and other venues in the town. It is a festival of traditional and contemporary folk music , song and dance. The festival has been held continuously since 1971. The opening concert was staged each year onboard Jacinta ,
2625-713: Is provided by the Blackpool Gazette . Both papers are published by Johnston Press , as is the Lancashire Evening Post , a daily newspaper covering the county of Lancashire . Fleetwood falls within the coverage area of BBC Radio Lancashire . Commercial radio stations serving the area include Greatest Hits Radio , Hits Radio Lancashire and Greatest Hits Lancashire based in Preston and Smooth North West and Heart North West broadcasting from Greater Manchester . Independent television service
2730-580: The Beeching cuts, and the passenger terminus was moved to Wyre Dock railway station . That, in turn, was closed in 1970, as the branch line from Poulton was taken out of service. Additional light industry developed along the former railway route. The rise of package holidays abroad led to fewer visitors to British resort towns. As Blackpool expanded its attractions, fewer day visitors came to Fleetwood, and as transport became more efficient, more overnight visitors became day visitors. The Hillhouse plant
2835-524: The Blackpool North and Fleetwood parliamentary constituency . During that time the seat was held by Labour 's Joan Humble . Prior to 1997, Fleetwood was part of the constituencies of Fylde North and Wyre , whose boundaries more closely matched those of Wyre Borough, and which consistently returned a Conservative member. In the 2015 general election a majority vote saw Fleetwood become a Labour town once again, represented by Cat Smith . Fleetwood
2940-452: The Church of England , which intended to set up a boarding school as a North of England equivalent of Marlborough School . Under the auspices of Rev. St. Vincent Beechey , the vicar of Fleetwood, it was to become Rossall School . Virtually bankrupt, Hesketh-Fleetwood retired to Brighton , giving up his parliamentary obligations in 1847. Meanwhile, Kemp's influence expanded. He had set up
3045-484: The Irish Sea fishing grounds first fished in the 1840s, to the haddock grounds of the North Atlantic Ocean . At this time, all the fishing vessels out of Fleetwood were sail-powered fishing smacks, few being over 40 tons deadweight . The Fleetwood Docks Act of 1864 enabled the construction of a dock and embankment for both fishing and general cargo. Work on what was to become Wyre Dock began in 1869 but
3150-460: The Isle of Man , Ardrossan and Belfast . 1 ⁄ 2 mile (800 m) of stone quays were built along the river front, and the railway line was extended to the steamer pier opposite Queen's Terrace, where the imposing new railway station was built in 1883. The port was still mainly a cargo terminal at this time, but the fishing industry began to grow as vessels expanded their catchment area from
3255-623: The Local Government Act 1972 , effective 1 April 1974, Fleetwood has been part of the Borough of Wyre , together with the neighbouring communities of Thornton Cleveleys and Poulton-le-Fylde , the Over Wyre villages and Garstang . The administrative headquarters is in Poulton-le-Fylde. The borough is a constituent part of Lancashire County Council . Although Wyre Council has a Conservative majority (thirty out of
The Haven, Boston - Misplaced Pages Continue
3360-563: The Northwest Development Agency and English Heritage . The plan has three main areas for development: The town's most prominent feature is the Mount, a 7-acre (2.8 ha) park facing the sea-front, laid out by Decimus Burton, and built on a large sand dune originally known as Tup's Hill. It is surmounted by a pavilion built in 1904 incorporating a clock added in 1919. The 13 hectares of Fleetwood Memorial Park
3465-581: The 11th, 12th and 13th centuries, as it lay between the city of Lincoln and the North Sea. Wool and corn were shipped down the River Witham, and Boston's location on an island of higher ground where the river joined a wide creek or haven made it an ideal site for a port. Although the area to the north and west of Boston was a huge expanse of bog and marsh, the Haven was sufficiently shallow for it to have
3570-549: The 1920s, the salt works, by then owned by the United Alkali Company (after 1926, part of ICI ), was considerably expanded, and became an ammonia -processing plant. ICI built an adjacent chemical processing plant, known as ICI Hillhouse . ICI became the town's third-largest employer, after the fishing and tourism industries. The first fully automated telephone exchange in Britain was put into operation to serve
3675-484: The 1960s in the lower-lying parts of the town. The soil is broadly sandy, but there is considerable marshland to the south and east, by the river. The town itself encompasses an area of just under 4 square miles (10 km ). In common with the rest of the coastal areas of the UK, Fleetwood has a maritime climate . Prevailing winds and weather patterns are northwesterly, leading to a slightly higher average precipitation than
3780-607: The 1960s, hastened by the Cod Wars with Iceland , though fish processing is still a major economic activity in Fleetwood. The town's most significant employer today is Lofthouse of Fleetwood , manufacturer of the lozenge Fisherman's Friend which is exported around the world. Ptolemy 's Geographia in the 2nd century AD records a tribe known as the Setantii living in what is believed to be present-day West Lancashire, and
3885-496: The 1971 figures, at a time when the overall population of the Borough of Wyre rose by 11%. At the 2001 census, Wyre Borough is 98.8% White in ethnic makeup. The remainder is split between South Asian (0.4%), Mixed race (0.4%) Black (0.1%) and Other (0.3%). In June 2020 a meeting in support of the Black Lives Matter movement was planned. However, after an online backlash from Wyre Alliance councillors and locals
3990-539: The Amazon depression. The tidal behaviour of a river is an important consideration in riverboat navigation. For major rivers, such as the Saint Lawrence River (and the associated Saint Lawrence Seaway ), publications such as an atlas of surface currents (or tidal currents) may be available, based on sophisticated hydrodynamic models, subject to empirical validation. Fleetwood Fleetwood
4095-502: The Boston Steam Fishing Company, another company which operated from The Haven. Fred Parkes, who had four boats of his own, joined the company in 1919. He wanted to replace older trawlers with new ones, but facing opposition, he waited until 1924, by which time he owned a controlling interest in the company. The new trawlers returned the company to profitability. In 1922, The Haven was blocked for three months when
4200-742: The Environment Agency considered transferring the station to the Black Sluice Internal Drainage Board , the costs were huge for very little benefit, and they decided instead to decommission the station. If water level management within The Haven remained unchanged, they could discharge more water from the South Forty-Foot Drain through the gravity sluice and the adjacent navigation lock than they could with all five pumps running. Following
4305-628: The Fleetwood Estates Company to manage the land, and the North Lancashire Steam Navigation Company in 1843 to manage the expanding steamer trade. However, by the late 1850s, the combination of the new western railway route and the rise of neighbouring Blackpool as a prominent seaside resort signalled a decline in the town's fortunes. From the 1860s Fleetwood expanded its port activities. Steamers began pleasure and commercial services to
The Haven, Boston - Misplaced Pages Continue
4410-657: The Fleetwood Salt Co. Ltd, using salt mined in Preesall , across the river. By the early 1890s, the construction and expansion of rival cargo ports in the North West and the building of the Manchester Ship Canal heralded the decline of Fleetwood's prominence as a cargo port. However, at the same time this was more than offset by a period of rapid expansion of the fishing industry, signalled by
4515-435: The Grand Sluice, which marks the end of the non-tidal River Witham. This consists of four channels, three of them containing sluice doors on the upstream and downstream faces, which regulate flow through the sluice, and a fourth wider one by the east bank containing a lock structure with two sets of gates. The A1137 road passes over the top of the sluice, supported by four segmental arches constructed of red brick, which now carry
4620-461: The Haven. Finally, it joins the Welland outfall at Boston Deeps, near Black Buoy Sand. Historically, Boston has been affected by tidal flooding, caused by tidal surges passing up The Haven from the Wash. Flooding from this cause was particularly severe in 1953 and 1978. Following the creation of a new tidal lock in 2008 to allow boats to enter the South Forty-Foot Drain from the Haven, phase 1b of
4725-510: The Hobhole outfall. This reduced the length of the channel by 1.5 miles (2.4 km) and took three years to complete. Some of the channel was straightened by placing bundles of sticks known as fascines at outside bends. These resulted in silt being deposited on those bends, and the channel becoming straighter. Fascine work was carried out in 1841 and 1860. Silting of the river outfall became worse, and three Ruston steam navvies were used to create
4830-460: The United Kingdom built in the middle of the street. It now forms a traffic roundabout. The North Euston Hotel, opened in 1841, is still the largest hotel in Fleetwood. Queen's Terrace was completed in 1844 and is regarded as an outstanding example of classical architecture. Now mostly used for offices and private flats, at various times it has been used as a school, hospital, railway offices and wartime consulates for European nations. The town contains
4935-573: The United Kingdom, other than a 1957 pier built in Deal, Kent , to replace a structure damaged in the Second World War . At 164 yards (150 m) in length, it was one of the shortest piers in the country. At various times, it was an amusement complex, bar and dance hall . In 1952 the pier was badly damaged in a fire which started in the cinema, and it did not reopen until 1958. The pier was closed again in 2006, and plans were drawn up to convert
5040-474: The Victorian architect Decimus Burton to design a number of substantial civic buildings, including two lighthouses. Hesketh-Fleetwood's transport terminus schemes failed to materialise. The town expanded greatly in the first half of the 20th century with the growth of the fishing industry, and passenger ferries to the Isle of Man , to become a deep-sea fishing port. Decline of the fishing industry began in
5145-527: The area around the old railway station was developed into a container port facility, with P & O operating a container service to Larne in Northern Ireland . In 1975, this became a Roll-on/roll-off service. This development led indirectly to some renewal of the then largely derelict Dock Street area, and improved road access to the town to support the container traffic. Twice-daily container service continued until 2004 when Stena Line bought
5250-411: The area upriver of the maximum limit of salinity intrusion and downriver of tidal water level fluctuations. This classification is based on both tidal trends and salinity. By this definition, a tidal river will be affected by tides, surges, and sea level variation, though its water may not have a high salinity content. If that is the case, this section of river can be known as a "tidal freshwater river" or
5355-473: The commercial centre of the town. Fleetwood is the only town in Britain with trams running the full length of its main street, sharing road-space with cars. The docks were expanded in 1908 with the construction of the Fish Dock, accessible through Wyre Dock and still used today for the inshore fleet. Plans for a pier were first made in the 1890s but building did not start until 1909 and it was opened in 1910. It
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#17328009266815460-460: The copper-roofed St Nicholas , on Poulton Road, designed by Laurence King and completed in 1962. Numerous other buildings designed by Decimus Burton remain in the town. Prominent are the Pharos and Lower Lighthouses , opened in 1840 and still in operation. Ships sailing down the Wyre channel line up the two lights, one above the other, to guide them. The Pharos is the only functioning lighthouse in
5565-413: The country as a whole, although the absence of high ground in the immediate vicinity moderates this. As with most coastal areas, frost and snow are uncommon. Temperatures are close to the national average. At the 2011 Census , Fleetwood had a population of 25,939. This is a decline of 3.3% over the previous census figure (2001) of 26,840. The 2001 population registered a further decline of about 6% from
5670-493: The downstream side of the Grand Sluice were reduced by around 4 feet (1.2 m). Improvements to The Haven convinced a group of businessmen to set up the Boston Deep Sea Fishing and Ice Company in 1885. Initially they worked two new-build steam trawlers and seven sailing smacks, but gradually phased out the smacks, as the trawlers were more profitable. By 1890, they had 24 trawlers, and later amalgamated with
5775-433: The fire. Fleetwood has two prominent retail locations. Affinity Lancashire (formally Freeport Fleetwood) opened in 1995. It is a waterfront outlet shopping village , on the site of the former Wyre Dock, with 45 shops in a marina setting. Freeport was re-branded and re-launched in 2006 at a cost of £8.6m. Fleetwood Market on Victoria Street is one of the largest covered markets in the North West, with over 250 stalls. It
5880-436: The first of which involved straightening the channel between Skirbeck Church and the outfall of Hobhole Drain, from where a new cut would be created to reach the sea. The second was for a new cut from Skirbeck Church running to the north of the existing channel. The corporation chose the first option, which would shorten the distance to the sea by 4.5 miles (7.2 km). Work began in 1830 on an 800-yard (730 m) section above
5985-530: The fishing industry cost Fleetwood some 8,000 jobs, employment in fishing-related industries falling from 9,000 to less than 1,000, mostly in the fish-processing sector. The closure of the ICI Hillhouse works cost the region a further 4,500 jobs. Industrial and commercial development has been at a standstill for fifteen years and only a single commercial employer based in the town has more than 200 employees. The stock of both commercial and residential property
6090-449: The focus of a half-wheel street layout. This was landscaped, and became known as the Mount . It served as the hub of Burton's half-wheel design, the main residential streets acted as the spokes, and the main commerce area of Dock Street was the rim of the wheel. The oldest surviving building in the town, once the custom house, later the town hall and latterly Fleetwood Museum , dates from 1836 and housing from as early as 1838 still exists in
6195-409: The gathering was cancelled. Fleetwood's economy still revolves around the traditional areas of fishing, tourism, port activity and light industry, but since the early 1970s the town has continued to struggle economically. A government report in 2006 stated that three of the town's five wards fall into the 5% to 10% most deprived wards in England. The same government report noted that the demise of
6300-513: The highest flow, largest volume of sediment discharge, and largest drainage basin of any river in the world. Because of its large flow volume, saltwater never enters the mouth of the Amazon River, and the limit of salinity is 150 km seaward of the river mouth. The Amazon River is classified as macrotidal, as its tidal range is 4 to 8 meters at the mouth of the river. During low-flow periods, this river's tidal area may extend over 1,000 km into
6405-424: The house into Rossall Hall. The land remained in the Fleetwood family for 300 years. By the 1830s, the house and estate was in the ownership of Edmund's descendant Peter Hesketh , High Sheriff of Lancashire and MP for Preston . A man of somewhat liberal views for his time, Hesketh believed that the sheltered harbour and views over Morecambe Bay gave the area the makings of a busy seaport and popular resort for
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#17328009266816510-512: The launch in 1891 of the first steam powered trawler , the Lark . All the other major fishing ports in Britain, Hull , Grimsby and Aberdeen , were on the east coast, so there was a competitive advantage for a west-coast port with good rail links. By the start of the 20th century, Fleetwood's position as one of the three major fishing ports in England was cemented. James Marr brought a fleet of steam trawlers to Fleetwood and actively started to change
6615-464: The less-affluent. With no rail link between London and Scotland , he envisaged Fleetwood as the transfer point between the railway and the steamers to Scotland, and set about encouraging a railway link from Preston . With a new career in parliament to prepare for, he engaged Frederick Kemp as his agent. He originally considered naming the new town Wyreton or New Liverpool , but after changing his name to Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood in 1831, he settled on
6720-469: The lower reaches of The Haven had become of network of winding channels, increasingly plagued by deposits of sand and silt, which made the use of Boston as a port problematic. It also resulted in increased flooding within the town. Boston Corporation therefore asked John Rennie to suggest a solution for the 13.5 miles (21.7 km) of waterway from the Black Sluice to the sea. He proposed two solutions,
6825-599: The museum themselves. The museum also operates the Jacinta , the town's "heritage trawler", stationed in the Wyre Dock Marina and open for public viewing throughout the year. Built in 1972, it was moved to Hull in 1982, before being handed over to the Jacinta Charitable Trust in 1995 when restoration work began on the trawler. Unfortunately Jacinta was too badly off for Economical Repair &
6930-530: The name Fleetwood . After some delays, he recruited the prominent architect Decimus Burton , whose work in St Leonard's-on-Sea he had admired, to lay out what would be the first planned town of the Victorian era . The plans were complete by 1835, and construction of the first buildings and the railway line began in 1836. Burton's plan was to use the largest of the sand-dunes on the north-facing shore as
7035-423: The need to protect Boston from tidal flooding, and as many of the details of implementing a water level management scheme through the town were still to be resolved, the partnership responsible for the barrier opted to create a flood defence structure which would not preclude management of water levels at a later date. The floods had also damaged three of the five pumps at the Black Sluice pumping station, and although
7140-533: The northeast corner of North Wharf, was the first screw pile lighthouse to be built in Great Britain . Fleetwood is the only town in the United Kingdom to possess three lighthouses and the two within the town itself remain fully operational. Wyre Light has now fallen into a state of disrepair. Fleetwood Market , still a prominent permanent market, was established in 1840. By 1838, Hesketh-Fleetwood had run into serious financial difficulties, with costs for
7245-748: The ocean. This is a necessary influx for the global water balance. Rivers contribute about 95% of sediment entering the ocean. Discharge estimates from freshwater tidal rivers are important for informing water resource management and climate analyses. These discharge amounts can be estimated using tidal statistics. Some challenges to estimating discharge amounts include reversing tidal flow, compensation flow for Stokes drift, spring-neap water storage effects, lateral circulation, and multiple distributaries or ebb and flood channels. Tidal rivers face threats due to climate change and other human-caused impacts. In tidal rivers' deltas, mineral and water extraction, reduced sediment input, and floodplain engineering are causing
7350-689: The only other similar structure, that at Ipswich on the River Orwell , is some 30 per cent smaller, and had not been commissioned at the time the Boston Barrier project began. Work began on the project in 2018, and the sector gate, which was manufactured in Holland, was delivered in November 2019. The gate was operational by December 2020, and the completed scheme offers better flood protection to nearly 14,000 homes and businesses. The entrance to
7455-458: The parish are coterminous with the boundary of the five borough council wards of Fleetwood and the town council has thirteen councillors. In the 2010 General Election , Fleetwood was joined with Lancaster and some Over Wyre locations to form the new Lancaster and Fleetwood constituency . Conservative member Eric Ollerenshaw was elected in a tight race. From 1997 to 2010, Fleetwood was included with Thornton and parts of Blackpool, as part of
7560-577: The port by selectively fishing for hake , which until then had been treated as a much less desirable catch. Many of the houses in the old area of town around the Mount and Lord Street were built in the 1890s. In keeping with the thriving economy, these terraced houses were large for their era. An electric tramway link to Blackpool was constructed in the 1890s and remains operational to this day. The trams were routed along East Street and West Street (now Lord Street and North Albert Street) rather than Dock Street, and commercial trade followed, making those streets
7665-474: The port handles around one million tonnes of cargo each year. The first ship to sail up the realigned channel and into the dock was the Myrtle , a 1,700-ton ship carrying cotton seed, which berthed in the dock on 20 December 1884. Development of the port had taken around 90 years, but resulted in a channel which scoured itself, needing little dredging. Land drainage in the area was also improved, as water levels on
7770-514: The port has been found, but in 2007, an Iron Age settlement was discovered at Bourne Hill, just south of present-day Fleetwood, suggesting the area was populated in pre-Roman times. There is evidence that the eastern side of the River Wyre was occupied during the Danish invasions of the 9th and 10th centuries. By the time of the Domesday Book in 1086, the land on which Fleetwood now stands
7875-606: The project to create a navigable waterway between Boston and Spalding involved the construction of the Boston Barrier. As well as being part of wider flood defence works, this would allow boats to pass through Boston town centre to access the South Forty Foot Drain at most states of the tide. At the time, it was expected that the project would be completed by 2013, but work did not start, and serious flooding occurred again in 2013, when over 800 homes and 79 businesses were inundated. The floods raised public awareness of
7980-402: The rail corridor on the eastern side of the town, and a number of unrelated industries also moved to the area to take advantage of the availability of labour. By the 1960s, however, Fleetwood had begun to decline economically. The last ferry to the Isle of Man sailed in 1961, although the sailings have been revived periodically since. The main railway station was closed in 1966 as a result of
8085-480: The railway in particular ultimately exceeding £300,000. He had numerous financial arguments with Frederick Kemp, who borrowed against the estate revenues to finance the expansion of the town, and was suspected of taking financial advantage of Sir Peter. Hesketh-Fleetwood became short of cash and was forced to mortgage his properties. Depressed, he gradually withdrew from the project, and by 1844 he had been obliged to sell much of his estate. He leased Rossall Hall itself to
8190-540: The remainder of the Fylde, the land is extremely flat, the highest point being the Mount, the large sand dune in the northern part of the town, from which the original street plan radiated. Parts of Fleetwood, especially to the north and west, are barely above sea level at high tide, and a large retaining sea wall runs along much of the western edge of the town. Nevertheless, Fleetwood was flooded in 1927 and again in 1977. The latter flood, although much smaller, affected more properties as there had been considerable development in
8295-466: The risk of flooding. The Rio de la Plata is a tidal river on the border between Uruguay and Argentina . It is classified as microtidal, as its tidal range is less than 1 meter. This river is significant mostly due to its size, as more than one tidal wavelength can be accommodated in this river's estuary. Similarly to most tidal rivers, saltwater does not extend far up the river, due to its large volume of freshwater discharge. The Amazon River has
8400-427: The river in 1815, from Assembly Rooms to Packhouse Quay on the east bank and at Doughty Quay on the west bank. Public warehouses were also built to serve both quays. However, by the 1880s ships resting on the mud at low tide was not particularly safe, and in parallel with the new channel to the Wash, a wet dock was built. All of the Victorian warehousing that was built has since been replaced by modern industrial units, as
8505-399: The route and increased the service to three times a day. In December 2010, Stena Line announced that the service would be withdrawn at the end of 2010, with the loss of 140 jobs. Since the 1970s, there have been several attempts to enhance Fleetwood's economic profile, In 1995, the now-deserted Wyre Dock was developed into a marina. The derelict dock landing area was developed into Freeport,
8610-452: The sinking of deltas. This, combined with rising sea levels , is causing tidal rivers to become deeper, which amplifies the tidal motion and increases the extent of salt intrusion. Increasing salinity in tidal rivers could have a detrimental impact on freshwater organisms and alter tidal river ecosystems significantly. The increasing effect of deltaic subsidence, which is due to the removal of gas, oil, and water from deltas, will also increase
8715-473: The structure into a flats complex. However, the pier was again heavily damaged by fire in the early hours of 9 September 2008. On 26 September 2008, Wyre Borough Council announced that the pier would be completely demolished, and two weeks later confirmed that the pier would not be rebuilt. The pier site remains undeveloped many years later, as plans for flats or apartments have come to nothing. The site remains an eyesore and remains fenced off, many years after
8820-550: The structure lasted until 1912. Rennie's stone bases were retained, but a new cast-iron bridge deck was installed by John Webster in 1913. Prior to 1806, the main crossing of the river was slightly further upstream. Haven Bridge carries the A16 road across The Haven. A public enquiry was held in December 1956, at which the council proposed one route for the future inner relief road, and objectors proposed an alternative route. The bridge
8925-402: The tidal barrier and the entrance to the wet dock. The volume of water is swelled by the outfall from Maud Foster Drain and Hobhole Drain, both part of the Witham Navigable Drains although there is no access by boat to either of these drains from The Haven. On the right bank, Wyberton Marsh pumping station operated by the Black Sluice Internal Drainage Board pumps water from Wyberton Marsh into
9030-491: The town (three since 1979). A large sandbank, the North Wharf, extends some 2 + 1 ⁄ 4 miles (3.6 km) north into Morecambe Bay, and is exposed at low tide. The river channel forms the eastern boundary of the bank. Together with the larger Bernard Wharf on the other side of the river, this makes navigation of the river difficult. Conversely, the port is highly sheltered from the prevailing westerly winds. Like
9135-402: The town in 1982 and now only inshore fishing boats use the port, although trawlers registered in other places can still be seen taking advantage of the fish market. Fish is still a big industry in the town, though the jobs are mainly in processing rather than fishing. A pair of bronze figures on the promenade by the pier depicts the idea of families welcoming back the fishermen from sea. In 1973,
9240-496: The town on 15 July 1922. The town was hit by a huge flood in October 1927, which put 90% of the area of the town under water. Only the higher areas around the Mount escaped. Additional housing was built in the 1920s and 1930s in the less-developed central areas of the town, and a further development boom occurred in the 1960s, in the lower lying western portion of the town (Larkholme). Many industries related to fishing grew up along
9345-407: The town's heritage trawler, however due to the vessels general poor state of repair, this is no longer the case. Another annual music festival, originating in 2005, is Fleetwoodstock, named after the famous New York Woodstock Festival and held in the autumn. The usual venue is the Marine Hall. The now annual Yuto Fest, which was first held in 2011, also takes place at the Marine Hall. Yuto Fest
9450-533: The town's museum in 1992. The museum tells the story of the fishing industry in the town. In January 2006, the museum was threatened with closure by owners Lancashire County Council (LCC). However, volunteers helped re-launch the museum in April 2007, setting up the Fleetwood Museum Trust to run the museum in partnership with LCC for twelve months with the intention of the trust eventually running
9555-560: The town. The crown jewel was the North Euston Hotel , built in 1841, a fine semi-circular building overlooking the bay and the river's estuary. The hotel was built to serve overnight guests making the railway journey from Euston , and was close to the point of departure for the steamers to Scotland. This journey was made by Queen Victoria in 1847, but by the mid-1850s the completion of the western railway link between London and Scotland over Shap Fell rendered Fleetwood's role as
9660-513: The wet dock was widened from 52 feet (16 m) to 59 feet (18 m), with the existing timber V-gates being replaced by a single pair of vertical sector gates. Because the work affected navigation, it was authorised by a Transport and Works Act 1992 Order. The Transport and Works Act (1992) was introduced to simplify the process of obtaining permission for the construction or alteration of railways and inland navigations, and any work which interferes with rights of navigation. The completed barrier
9765-464: Was Cut up for Scrap in June / July / Aug 2019 . Fleetwood's parish church, St Peter's , designed by Decimus Burton in 1841, stands at the corner of Lord Street and North Albert Street. It formerly had a spire, but this was demolished in 1904. St Mary's , the town's main Roman Catholic church, stands nearby. Built in 1867, it was designed by E. W. Pugin . A more modern church of interest is
9870-532: Was brought into the town for export, particularly to Flanders . A century later, the volume of wool exported exceeded that shipped from London. Other commodities included wheat, sea-salt, woollen cloth manufactured in Lincoln and Stamford, lead from Derbyshire and iron from Yorkshire. Imports included wine and finished cloth produced in the Low Countries from the wool that had been exported. By around 1800,
9975-409: Was deemed to be a national priority project in 2014. The main components of the scheme were a rising sector gate, 85 feet (26 m) wide by 36 feet (11 m) high, which can be raised to prevent tidal surges moving further upstream, and a vertical sector gate, 59 feet (18 m) wide by 38 feet (11.6 m) high, to control the entrance to the wet dock. The rising sector gate weighs 362 tonnes and
10080-513: Was developed out of the earlier Warrenhurst Park, itself an early-C20 park designed by Thomas Lumb of Blackpool. In 1917 the park was renamed "Memorial Park" in memory of those who died in the First World War . The memorial statue was added a few years later and memorial trees planted by the children who lost relatives. In the early 1900s the park was home to a boating lake and the current facilities include three crown green bowling greens,
10185-555: Was eventually opened in 1966, but the inner relief road, by then renamed John Adams Way, was not completed until 12 years later. The final bridge on The Haven is a single track railway swing bridge, constructed in 1882 by Handysides of Derby. It enabled the docks to be connected to the Great Northern Railway. The structure was partly assembled at Derby, and all the parts were delivered to the site in November 1882, where they were put together. The hydraulic control system
10290-471: Was first opened in 1840, although the present stone building dates from 1892. Fleetwood Museum stands on Queen's Terrace. The building, designed by Decimus Burton, was completed in 1836 and is the oldest surviving building in Fleetwood. It was originally the Customs House, and from 1889 to 1974 it served as Fleetwood Town Hall, until local government activity was moved to Poulton. It was designated as
10395-480: Was heavily cut back and was finally closed in 1999. Most serious, however, was the collapse of the fishing industry, which was largely destroyed in the late 1960s and early 1970s by the Cod Wars , a dispute over fishing rights between Iceland and the UK. As Fleetwood's trawlers mainly fished the North Atlantic in search of cod, the loss of the fishing grounds hit the town hard. The last deep-sea trawler left
10500-603: Was part of the Hundred of Amounderness . A manor house at present-day Rossall , in the southwest of the town, was in the possession of the Allen family by the time of Henry VIII . The Allens were prominent Roman Catholics , and Henry VIII repossessed the land. Cardinal William Allen was born at the manor house in 1532. It was ultimately sold to Thomas Fleetwood, comptroller of the Royal Mint , whose son Edmund, expanded
10605-612: Was partly due to work starting before the project had been fully scoped, in order to meet government deadlines for flood defence targets. In 1607, The Haven, between Boston and the sea ( TF 361 402 ), was the scene of the first, abortive, attempt of the Scrooby Pilgrims , to leave England. Ultimately, in 1620, they became part of the original settlement of Plymouth, Massachusetts . Tidal river Generally, tidal rivers are short rivers with relatively low discharge rates but high overall discharge, which generally implies
10710-527: Was recognised in the civil engineering world, receiving six awards, four from the Institution of Civil Engineers , one from the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors , and an Environment Agency Flood and Coast Award. The National Audit Office noted in 2023 that delivery of parts of the project were four years overdue, and that costs had escalated from £124 million to £184 million. This
10815-409: Was suspended for financial reasons. A second Act in 1871 gave construction authority to the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Company, under chief engineers Sir John Hawkshaw and Harrison Hayter . Construction itself, by John Aird & Sons, was completed in 1877. Heavy industry came to the area in the late 1880s with the construction of a salt-processing works on the southeastern edge of the town by
10920-454: Was that it would be accessible to those with mobility scooters, wheelchairs and pushchairs. Town Bridge was the first cast-iron bridge to be built by John Rennie . It was originally designed to have a span of 72 feet (22 m), but this was increased to 86 feet (26 m) without increasing the rise of 5.5 feet (1.7 m). Some doubts were expressed about its stability, and some of the ironwork developed fractures which needed strapping, but
11025-444: Was the last new seaside pier to be built in the United Kingdom. By the 1920s, the fishing industry was at its height, employing over 9,000 people. Over the next few years, the sea front along the north shore was developed in resort fashion, to encourage visitors for whom the brashness of Blackpool was too daunting. The Marine Hall entertainment complex (1935), golf course (1931) and Model Yacht Pond (1932) all date from that era. In
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