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100-549: Prior to the creation of BEPZ, the area where the freeport zone is currently located was formerly part of barangay Camaya and barrio of NASSCO (National Shipyard and Steel Corporation) under the jurisdiction of municipality of Mariveles. Barangays Malaya and Maligaya, the two barangays of Mariveles that are also under the jurisdiction of BEPZ, were formerly mountainous areas prior to the zone's creation. World War II gave Bataan its place in humanity's darkest history and made this war-torn fishing village one of two starting points to

200-565: A Mexican nun who eloped with a monk back in the 1600s. With its natural cove, the port was used by ships from China and Spain to resupply. The Superior Decree of July 1754 declared Mariveles' independence from Pampanga . In the 19th century, the Americans established the first quarantine station in the old Spanish Leprosarium Hospital (now known as the Mariveles Mental Wellness and General Hospital ). Mariveles Bay

300-512: A brutal, long march that saw thousands of Filipino soldiers and hundreds of their American counterparts killed. In April 1942, the infamous Bataan Death March began—from the towns of Bagac and Mariveles in Bataan province to Capas town in the province of Tarlac . The war changed the tempo of life in Mariveles, relegating it to an economy of subsistence, where farmers heavily depended on

400-612: A likewise revolutionary constitution . Consequently, this government is today officially considered to be the proper "first republic" and is also called the Malolos Republic , after its capital Malolos in Bulacan ; its congress (formally "National Assembly") and constitution are commonly known as the Malolos Congress and Malolos Constitution as well. Like all of its predecessors and would-be successors until

500-529: A mark of cultural respect. The Constitution provides the following oath or affirmation for the president and vice president-elect which must be taken before they enter into office: "I, (name), do solemnly swear [or affirm], that I will faithfully and conscientiously fulfill my duties as President [or Vice-President or Acting President] of the Philippines. Preserve and defend its Constitution, execute its laws, do justice to every man, and consecrate myself to

600-569: A national Tagalog Republic, and Malvar continued the Philippine Republic which was the culmination of several governments headed by Emilio Aguinaldo that superseded Bonifacio's, Malvar taking over after Aguinaldo's capture. Nevertheless, there are still calls, including from a descendant of Bonifacio, to let Bonifacio be recognized by the current government as the first Philippine president. In 1993, historians Milagros Guerrero, Emmanuel Encarnacion and Ramon Villegas petitioned before

700-399: A population of 149, 879 people. Agricultural resources include rice, mangoes, legumes, vegetables and coffee. It also has aquatic resources like round scads, grouper, mussel, and abalone; mineral deposits of granite and basalt and forest products like vines and bamboo. The freeport area originally covers 2 barangays of Mariveles namely Barangays Maligaya (Pizarro) and Malaya (Quadro), with

800-407: A total land area of 153.9 km or 1,742.48 hectares (4,305.8 acres) representing 12% of the total land area of Bataan. Of this, about 35% consist of the pastureland, 4.6% of forestland, 3.8% agricultural lands and the remaining 6% for residential and industrial use. It is home to a Filipino community speaking a Languages of the Philippines called Mariveleño . According to the 2020 census, it has

900-455: Is directly elected by the citizens of the Philippines and is one of only two nationally elected executive officials, the other being the vice president of the Philippines . However, four vice presidents have assumed the presidency without having been elected to the office, by virtue of a president's intra-term death or resignation. Filipinos generally refer to their president as pangulo or presidente in their local language. The president

1000-493: Is a municipality in the province of Bataan , Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 149,879 people making it the most populous in the province. Founded as a pueblo by a Franciscan Friar in 1578, Mariveles, the "Village of Camaya" was part of the Corregimiento of Mariveles, including Bagac and Morong , Corregidor and Maragondon, Cavite . The name Mariveles comes from "Maria Velez",

1100-595: Is an accepted version of this page The president of the Philippines ( Filipino : pangulo ng Pilipinas , sometimes referred to as presidente ng Pilipinas ) is the head of state , head of government and chief executive of the Philippines . The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines . The president

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1200-609: Is considered to be the 16th president. While the government may consider Aguinaldo as the first president, the First Republic fell under the United States' jurisdiction due to the 1898 Treaty of Paris which ended the Spanish–American War ; the United States thus does not consider his tenure to have been legitimate. Manuel L. Quezon is considered to be the first president by the United States when they gave

1300-401: Is currently used on the freeport zone's administration building since 2012. The logo's blue and red colors also reflect that the zone was inherited from BEPZ/BEZ/PEZA, with BEPZ/BEZ being the zone's former name and PEZA as its operator until the full turnover of operations and management of the zone to AFAB on June 29, 2010 leading to the abolishment of BEPZ/BEZ the following day on June 30. FAB

1400-436: Is home to an Aeta community speaking a Sambalic language called Mariveleño . Poverty incidence of Mariveles Source: Philippine Statistics Authority The Freeport Area of Bataan (formerly known as Mariveles Free Trade Zone from June 21, 1969 to November 20, 1972, and primarily as Bataan Export Processing Zone (BEPZ) and Bataan Economic Zone (BEZ) from November 20, 1972 to October 23, 2009 before

1500-594: Is limited to a single six-year term. No one who has served more than four years of a presidential term is allowed to run or serve again. The current president of the Philippines is Bongbong Marcos , who was sworn in on June 30, 2022, at the National Museum of Fine Arts (formerly the Legislative Building). The official title of the Philippine head of state and government is "President of

1600-662: Is located in a cove at the southern tip of the Bataan Peninsula and is about 172.3 kilometers from Manila . The freeport zone is accessible from the Philippines' capital city Manila via Andres Bonifacio Avenue from Manila to Balintawak in Quezon City , North Luzon Expressway (NLEx) from Balintawak, Quezon City to San Fernando , Pampanga , Jose Abad Santos Avenue (Olongapo-Gapan Road) from San Fernando to Dinalupihan , Bataan, and Roman Superhighway from Dinalupihan to Mariveles. The primary host town Mariveles has

1700-579: Is the only freeport in the country with a 10.9 million cubic meter-capacity dam that delivers 14 million gallons of water every day. It is complemented by water treatment and sewerage treatment plants which employ a sustainable waste water solution. Pursuant to the Local government in the Philippines ", the political seat of the municipal government is located at the Municipal Hall. In the History of

1800-561: The EDSA Revolution of 2001 that removed Joseph Estrada from office. The dress code at the modern inaugural ceremony is traditional, formal Filipino clothing, which is otherwise loosely termed Filipiniana . Ladies must wear baro't saya (the formal wear of other indigenous groups is permissible), while men don the barong tagalog . Non-Filipinos at the ceremony may wear their respective versions of formal dress, but foreign diplomats have often been seen donning Filipiniana as

1900-867: The Office of the President . The president also exercises general supervision over local government units. The president has the power to give executive issuances , which are means to streamline the policy and programs of an administration. There are six issuances that the President may issue, as defined in the Administrative Code of 1987: executive orders, administrative orders, proclamations, memorandum orders, memorandum circulars, and general or special orders. The president has power to grant reprieves, commutations and pardons, and remit fines and forfeitures after conviction by final judgment, except in cases of impeachment. The president can grant amnesty with

2000-675: The Tejeros Convention in Tejeros, Cavite . The new government was meant to replace the Katipunan . It variously called itself the "Philippine Republic" (Spanish: Republica Filipina ), "Republic of the Philippines" (Spanish: Republica de Filipinas ) and "Government of All Tagalogs" or "Government of the Whole Tagalog Nation/People" (Filipino: Pamahalaan ng Sangkatagalugan ). Months later, Aguinaldo

2100-627: The Treaty of Paris of 1898 , signed in December of that year. The Philippine–American War broke out between the United States and Aguinaldo's government. His government effectively ceased to exist on April 1, 1901, after he pledged allegiance to the United States following his capture by U.S. forces in March. The current government of the Republic of the Philippines considers Emilio Aguinaldo to be

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2200-745: The United States Navy sailed for the Philippines. At the Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898, the American Navy decisively defeated the Spanish Navy . Aguinaldo subsequently returned to the Philippines aboard a U.S. Navy vessel and renewed the revolution. He formed a dictatorial government on May 24, 1898, and issued the Philippine Declaration of Independence on June 12, 1898. During this brief period he took

2300-609: The Wimbledon Grand Slam are made in FAB. FAB is also an emerging hub for fintech and blockchain businesses in the Philippines hosting a number of these companies. Before the abolishment of BEPZ/BEZ on June 30, 2010 resulting from the full turnover of the zone's operations and management from Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA) to Authority of the Freeport Area of Bataan (AFAB) one day earlier on June 29,

2400-447: The vice president takes the oath first, a little before noon for two reasons. First, according to protocol, no one follows the president (who is last due to his supremacy), and second, to establish a constitutionally valid successor before the president-elect accedes. During Quezon 's inauguration, however, the vice president and legislature were sworn in after the president, to symbolize a new start. Custom has enshrined three places as

2500-469: The "freedom constitution" that initially replaced the 1973 Constitution. This provisional constitution was done as Aquino was installed as president through revolutionary means. Proclamation No. 3 abrogated many of the provisions of the then 1973 Constitution, including the provisions associated with the Marcos regime, which gave the president legislative powers, as well as the unicameral legislature called

2600-514: The 1898 Declaration of Independence). The president of the Philippines , being the chief executive, serves as both the head of state and head of government of the Philippines . The constitution vests the executive power with the president who consequently heads the government's executive branch, including the Cabinet and all executive departments . There are also government agencies that report to no specific department but are instead under

2700-489: The 1935 Commonwealth of the Philippines , the First Philippine Republic was short-lived and never internationally recognized , and never controlled or was universally recognized by the entire area covered by the current republic, though it (and they) claimed to represent and govern the entire Philippine archipelago and all its people. The Philippines was transferred from Spanish to American control by

2800-481: The BEZ sticker and administration building in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The first logo as FAB, used from AFAB's creation on October 23, 2009 to June 2014, featured a phoenix symbol and AFAB text on a red rectangle. The phoenix symbolizes the full turnover of the zone from PEZA to AFAB on June 29, 2010 after eight months of AFAB's partial and simultaneously operations and management along with PEZA from October 23, 2009 and

2900-547: The Batasang Pambansa (literally National Legislature in Filipino). The proclamation retained only parts of the 1973 Constitution that were essential for a return to democratic rule, such as the bill of rights. This constitution was superseded on February 2, 1987, by the present constitution. Both Bonifacio and Aguinaldo might be considered to have been an inaugural president of an insurgent government. Quezon

3000-534: The Mariveles to Manila route that has an approximate travel time of 40 minutes. The Bataan Provincial Expressway , also called Roman Super-Highway, is a limited-access toll expressway that connects Bataan to the provinces of the Central Luzon region in the Philippines. Mariveles is off Exit 55. Utilities: Tertiary educational institutions include: President of the Philippines This

3100-712: The National Historical Institute (now the National Historical Commission of the Philippines ) to recognize Bonifacio as the first Philippine president but the institute turned down the petition and reasoned that Bonifacio was not even the Katipunan's first Supremo , but rather Deodato Arellano . In 2013, the Manila City Council passed a resolution persuading the national government to declare Bonifacio as

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3200-534: The PEZA and BEZ name and logo on the zone's administration building and a welcome sign along Roman Superhighway which made the red part of the BEPZ/BEZ/PEZA logo became all blue as one of the projects of AFAB made during its first few months of full operation and management over the zone and then the said logo was next to be removed by placing a cement on a part of the building where the logo is in 2012. Despite

3300-628: The Philippine nation and people as the "Sovereign Tagalog Nation/People" or more precisely "Sovereign Nation of the Tagalog People" (Filipino: Haring Bayang Katagalugan ), in effect a synonym of "Tagalog Republic" or more precisely "Republic of the Tagalog Nation/People". According to Filipino historian Ambeth Ocampo , including Bonifacio as a past president would imply that Macario Sakay and Miguel Malvar should also be included, as Sakay continued Bonifacio's concept of

3400-774: The Philippines (1521–1898) , the Gobernadorcillo is the Chief Executive who held office in the Presidencia . During the American rule (1898–1946) ( History of the Philippines (1898-1946) ), the elected Mayor and local officials, including the appointed ones held office at the Municipal Hall. The legislative and executive departments perform their functions in the Sangguniang Bayan (Session Hall) and Municipal Trial Court, respectively, and are located in

3500-758: The Philippines independence through the Tydings–McDuffie Act . He is also the first to win a popular election and a nationwide election. During the Second World War , the Philippines had two presidents heading two governments. One was Quezon and the Commonwealth government-in-exile in Washington, D.C. , and the other was Manila-based Laurel heading the Japanese-sponsored Second Republic. Notably, Laurel

3600-496: The Philippines." Depending on the definition chosen for these terms, a number of persons could alternatively be considered the inaugural holder of the office. Andrés Bonifacio could be considered the president of the tagalog provinces, while he was the third Supreme President (Spanish: Presidente Supremo ; Filipino : Kataas-taasang Pangulo ) of the Katipunan , a secret revolutionary society that started an open revolt against

3700-612: The Philippines." The title in Filipino is Pangulo ( cognate of Malay penghulu "leader", "chieftain"). In the other major languages of the Philippines such as the Bisayan languages , presidente is more common when Filipinos are not actually code-switching with the English word. The honorific for the president is "Your Excellency" or "His/Her Excellency." During his tenure, President Rodrigo Duterte broke precedent by not using

3800-668: The Spanish colonial government in August 1896, he transformed the society into a revolutionary government with himself as "President of the Sovereign Nation/People" (Filipino: Pangulo ng Haring Bayan ). While the term Katipunan (and the title "Supreme President") remained, Bonifacio's government was also known as the Tagalog Republic (Spanish: República Tagala ; Filipino: Republika ng Katagalugan ), and

3900-643: The Supreme Assembly), or Pangulo ng Haring Bayan (President of the Sovereign Nation/People), as evidenced by his own writings. Although the word Tagalog refers to the Tagalog people , a specific ethno-linguistic group mostly in southern Luzon , Bonifacio used the term "Tagalog" in "Tagalog Republic" to denote all non-Spanish peoples of the Philippines in place of Filipinos , which had colonial origins, referring to his concept of

4000-538: The United States recognized the sovereignty of the Republic of the Philippines as a separate self-governing nation on July 4, 1946. On the same day, Manuel A. Roxas , the last president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, became the first president of the independent Republic of the Philippines, also known as the Third Republic of the Philippines. A new Constitution ratified on January 17, 1973, under

4100-517: The United States to establish a government in exile in the United States. On August 17, 1945, two days after the Japanese surrendered to the Allies, Laurel officially dissolved the republic. The 1935 Constitution was restored after the Japanese surrender ended World War II, with Vice President Sergio Osmeña becoming president due to Quezon's death on August 1, 1944. It remained in effect after

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4200-476: The board of canvassers of each province or city, shall be transmitted to Congress, directed to the president of the Senate. Upon receipt of the certificates of canvass, the president of the Senate shall open all the certificates in the presence of a joint public session of Congress not later than 30 days after election day. Congress then canvasses the votes upon determining that the polls are authentic and were done in

4300-531: The capital city of the province. Of which, ten (10) are now in development, and seven (7) are already operating. Six (6) of these expansion areas are located in Mariveles, while eleven are scattered in the towns of Bagac, Dinalupihan, Hermosa, Orani, Abucay, Pilar, and Limay, and in the City of Balanga. Mariveles Mariveles , officially the Municipality of Mariveles ( Tagalog : Bayan ng Mariveles ),

4400-618: The coercive strength of the Philippine Government to move the project ahead, especially regarding the relocation of residents. The bill stalled in Congress due to the opposition of many members to the vested interests involved. On November 20, 1972, the Bataan Export Processing Zone (BEPZ) became the first official economic zone in the Philippines through Presidential Decree 66. The BEPZ was one of

4500-687: The commonwealth according to Justice George A. Malcolm . Abad Santos was subsequently executed by the Imperial Japanese Army on May 2, 1942. On October 14, 1943, José P. Laurel became president under a constitution imposed by the Japanese occupation . Laurel, an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines , had been instructed to remain in Manila by President Quezon, who withdrew to Corregidor and then to

4600-556: The concurrence of the majority of all the members of the Congress . The president has authority to contract or guarantee foreign loans on behalf of the country but only with the prior concurrence of the Monetary Board and subject to such limitations as may be provided by law. The president has the authority to exercise the power of eminent domain . The president also has the power to direct escheat or reversion proceedings and

4700-537: The consent of the Commission on Appointments , the president also appoints the heads of the executive departments, board of members and its leaders from any national government-related institutions, ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, high-ranking officers of the armed forces, and other officials. The members of the Supreme Court and lower courts are also appointed by the president, but only from

4800-648: The conversion from BEZ to FAB due to Republic Act (RA) 9728 and secondarily from October 23, 2009 to June 30, 2010 during the eight-month transition period for the turnover of zone's operations and management from Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA) to Authority of the Freeport Area of Bataan (AFAB) and subsequent abolishment of BEPZ/BEZ) is a 1,691 hectares (4,180 acres) industrial complex in Mariveles town that enjoys business advantages, including tax incentives, natural endowments, and leadership under AFAB Chairman and Administrator Mohammed Hussein Pangandaman. It

4900-633: The everyday needs of community residents. Farming and fishing remained the community's main source of income. When President Marcos declared the establishment of BEPZ in Mariveles in order to hasten the hope for an industrialized Philippines, NASSCO inhabitants were requested to move out from the zone where they had been living for over 20 years and transfer to other parts of the municipality but they were not given proper places nearby and they received no compensation. Housing in Mariveles thus became overcrowded. On June 21, 1969, Congressman Pablo Roman, Sr. authored Republic Act 5490 designating Mariveles, Bataan as

5000-420: The first AFAB chairman and administrator on March 4, 2010. On June 29, 2010, one day before the end of the administration of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and her successor Benigno Aquino III became President of the Philippines , PEZA fully turned over the zone's operations and management to AFAB at 1:25 pm which completed all of PEZA's remaining programs and plans resulting in the abolishment of BEPZ/BEZ

5100-412: The first free trade zone in the Philippines. This created the Free Trade Zone Authority (FTZA), later became Export Processing Zone Authority (EPZA) and Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA). In early 1972, three congressmen — Roman, Roces, and Sarmiento - sponsored the bill to convert the free trade zone authority into government corporation. This would grant the power of a corporation combined with

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5200-518: The first president of the Philippines-based specifically on his presidency of the Malolos Republic, not any of his various prior governments. Miguel Malvar continued Aguinaldo's leadership of the Philippine Republic after the latter's capture until his own capture in 1902, while Macario Sakay revived the Tagalog Republic in 1902 as a continuing state of Bonifacio's Katipunan. They are both considered by some scholars as "unofficial presidents", and along with Bonifacio, are not recognized as presidents by

5300-455: The first president of the Tagalog Republic, attributing to all natives of the archipelago of the Philippines. A separate resolution was also signed in 2013 by the Philippine Historian Association urging then Philippine President Benigno Aquino III to recognize Bonifacio as the first Philippine president. In the same year, representatives of the Philippine House of Representatives passed a house resolution that sought to acknowledge Bonifacio as

5400-425: The first president. A similar house resolution was also filed in 2016. According to Marlon Cadiz of the NHCP, the agency is waiting for a thorough and clear study containing new evidence as well as explanations of experts regarding Bonifacio's status as the first president. In March 1897, during the Philippine Revolution against Spain, Emilio Aguinaldo was elected president of a new revolutionary government at

5500-424: The following day at the end of Arroyo administration and Aquino III became president in June 30, AFAB's first whole day of fully operating and managing the zone and working of the zone's employees as FAB workers. On late August 2010, to reflect the full turnover of the zone's operations and management from PEZA to AFAB and the subsequent abolishment of BEPZ/BEZ two months earlier on June 29 and 30, 2010, AFAB removed

5600-410: The former. FAB initially had 39 enterprises and 12,777 workers by the time of conversion of the zone from BEZ to FAB and turnover of the zone's operations and management from PEZA to AFAB which inherited from its predecessor BEZ. FAB issues its sticker to enter the zone's premises since 2011 which succeeded the BEZ sticker that were produced until 2010 while PEZA had still remaining programs and plans on

5700-528: The freeport's 9th anniversary. On August 30, 2019, President Rodrigo Duterte signed Republic Act 11453, amending the provisions of RA 9728, and further strengthening the powers and functions of AFAB, enabling the freeport to expand its operation anywhere within the province of Bataan. Currently, FAB is the third largest freeport zone in the country based in the number of investors and employment created, behind Clark Freeport and Subic Freeport. The value of exported products reached more than US$ 1.05-billion for

5800-412: The full turnover of the zone from PEZA to AFAB, there are still traces and references of BEPZ/BEZ and PEZA still left that were not yet removed, such as on some signages found on Mariveles Zigzag Road and on a newer welcome sign located after the zone's another sign with a guard house along the said highway. The BEZ sticker is still effective until FAB started to issue its own sticker in 2011 which succeeded

5900-457: The government. Between 1898 and 1935, executive power in the Philippines was exercised by a succession of four American military governors-general and eleven civil governors-general. In October 1935, Manuel L. Quezon was elected the first president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines , which had been established, still under United States sovereignty, under a constitution ratified on May 14 of that year. During its first five years,

6000-400: The honorific, opting to drop the title in all official communications, events or materials. The term "President of the Republic of the Philippines" used under Japanese occupation of the Philippines distinguished the government of then-president José P. Laurel from the Commonwealth government-in-exile under President Manuel L. Quezon . The restoration of the Commonwealth in 1945 and

6100-516: The latter hosts the freeport's parish church named Our Lady of the Fatima Chaplaincy which is under the Roman Catholic Diocese of Balanga (part of the Ecclesiastical Province of San Fernando, Pampanga ), however since August 2019 after the enactment of R.A. No. 11453, FAB is given the power to include the remaining areas of Mariveles and further expand to any area inside Bataan excluding the Hermosa and Morong portions of Subic Special Economic and Freeport Zone , another freeport zone located within

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6200-539: The list of nominees prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council . Such appointments do not need the approval of the Commission on Appointments . As per Article 6, Section 1 of the Constitution, the power of lawmaking is vested in the bicameral Congress , which consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives . However, the president has some legislative power. The president has the power to veto any bill passed by Congress. Article 6, Section 27 requires that every legislation passed by Congress shall be presented to

6300-429: The manner provided by law. The person with the highest number of votes is declared the winner, but in case two or more have the highest number of votes, the president is elected by a majority of all members of Congress, with the Senate and the House of Representatives voting separately. The president of the Philippines usually takes the oath of office at noon of June 30 following the presidential election. Traditionally,

6400-451: The most progressive communities in Luzon during its first decade of operation. The area attracted over one hundred multinational locators. In 1976, Mattel established a wholly owned subsidiary called Mattel Philippines, Inc. within BEPZ to minimize expenses, notably in manufacturing. Barbie dolls, as well as some of the dolls' clothes and accessories, were manufactured at the factory and subsequently distributed to various countries across

6500-475: The municipality. Agriculture is also a large part of the port export. Mariveles is located around the Mariveles Bay, a large cove at the southern tip of the Bataan Peninsula . It adjacent to Manila Bay to the east, and the South China Sea to the west. Mariveles is 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Balanga and 164 kilometres (102 mi) from Manila via the North Luzon Expressway (NLEX), Jose Abad Santos Avenue , and Roman Highway. It borders Bagac to

6600-428: The oath of office in Cebu City before Chief Justice Hilario Davide Jr. , and the next day held the first cabinet meeting in Butuan . She broke with precedent, reasoning that she wanted to celebrate her inauguration in each of the three main island groups of the Philippines: Luzon , Visayas , and Mindanao . Her first inauguration also broke precedent as she was sworn in at the EDSA Shrine on January 20, 2001, during

6700-409: The power to reserve lands of the public and private domain of the government. However, there are two constitutional provisions that limit the exercise of such power: Article 3, Section 9 of the Constitution provides that no person shall be deprived of his/her life, liberty, or property without due process of law and that private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. With

6800-479: The presidency: Natural-born Filipinos are citizens of the Philippines from birth without having to perform any act to acquire or perfect their Philippine citizenship. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines at the time of their birth and those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority are considered natural-born Filipinos. The Constitution also provides term limits where

6900-419: The president could serve for a six-year term that cannot be renewed. It was later amended in 1940 to limit a president to serving no more than two four-year terms. When the administration of President Quezon exiled to the United States after the Philippines fell to the Empire of Japan in World War II , Quezon appointed Chief Justice José Abad Santos as his delegate, which in effect the acting president of

7000-451: The president is ineligible for reelection and a person who has succeeded as president and has served as such for more than four years will be ineligible to be elected for a second term. However, with the case of Joseph Estrada who was elected president in 1998 , deposed in 2001 , and again ran for the presidency in 2010 , the Constitution's wording where "[the] President shall not be eligible for any re-election" remains unclear as his case

7100-415: The president takes the oath of office, a 21-gun salute is fired to salute the new head of state, and the presidential anthem " We Say Mabuhay " is played. The president delivers his inaugural address, and then proceeds to Malacañang Palace to climb the Grand Staircase, a ritual which symbolizes the formal possession of the palace. The president then inducts the newly formed cabinet into office in one of

7200-407: The president, after which the president can either sign the bill into law within thirty days, veto the bill, or take no action within the timeframe, in which the bill will pass as if it had been signed. While Congress can override a presidential veto, it requires a two-thirds vote of both houses. The president can also veto any particular item or items in an appropriation, revenue, or tariff bill, but

7300-804: The province and under the Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority (SBMA), as defined by R.A. No. 7227. Before an area can be declared a freeport expansion zone, it'll be subjected to the concurrence of affected local government units and the approval of appropriate national government agencies, government owned and controlled corporations (GOCC) and instrumentalities, and the AFAB Board. Currently there are already 17 approved expansion areas. Their declared economic activities include light and medium industrial, power generation, port services, agri-industrial, commercial, tourism, MICE activities, and BPO/IT in eight (8) different municipalities and

7400-415: The remaining 6% for residential and industrial use. Mariveles is politically subdivided into 18 barangays , with two are located within the jurisdiction of Freeport Area of Bataan (FAB). Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . In the 2020 census, Mariveles had a population of 149,879. The population density was 970 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,500/sq mi). Mariveles

7500-504: The remaining plans and programs of PEZA on the zone. During the eight-month simultaneous operation and management of PEZA and AFAB over the zone, the question "Are you ready for the FAB?" is printed on signboards posted in various parts of Bataan, referring to the preparation for the turnover of the zone's full operations and management from PEZA to AFAB. Five months after AFAB's creation and conversion from BEZ to FAB, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo appointed Deogracias G.P. Custodio as

7600-620: The rule of Ferdinand Marcos introduced a parliamentary-style government. Marcos instituted himself as prime minister while serving as president in 1978. Marcos later appointed César Virata as prime minister in 1981, although, he was only a figurehead as the government control was still with Marcos. The 1973 Constitution was in effect until the People Power Revolution of 1986 toppled Marcos's 21-year authoritarian regime and replaced him with Corazon C. Aquino . On March 25, 1986, Aquino issued Proclamation No. 3, s. 1986 or

7700-596: The second floor of the Town Hall and in the adjacent building. The Municipal Mayor as of the 2022 national and local elections, serving his second term in office, is Ace Jello "AJ" C. Concepcion. Members of the Mariveles Municipal Council (2022-2025): District Representative (3rd Legislative District, Bataan): Maria Angela Garcia Mariveles' attractions, events and historical landmarks include: Mariveles can be reached through jet ferry plying

7800-810: The service of the Nation. So help me God." [In case of affirmation, last sentence will be omitted.] The Filipino text of the oath used for the inaugurations of Fidel V. Ramos , Joseph Estrada , Benigno Aquino III , and Bongbong Marcos reads: "Ako si (pangalan), ay taimtim kong pinanunumpaan (o pinatototohanan) na tutuparin ko nang buong katapatan at sigasig ang aking mga tungkulin bilang Pangulo (o Pangalawang Pangulo o Nanunungkulang Pangulo) ng Pilipinas, pangangalagaan at ipagtatanggol ang kanyang Konstitusyon, ipatutupad ang mga batas nito, magiging makatarungan sa bawat tao, at itatalaga ang aking sarili sa paglilingkod sa Bansa. Kasihan nawa ako ng Diyos." (Kapag pagpapatotoo, ang huling pangungusap ay kakaltasin.) As soon as

7900-617: The subsequent abolishment of BEPZ/BEZ on June 30 - a rebirth of sorts. It was concurrently used with the 2011 FAB logo until the said month of 2014. The second and current logo of FAB, used since April 2011, features the FAB in blue text with red and blue swirl or spiral on the upper-right of the text, and the text "Freeport Area of Bataan" below. The swirl or spiral of the logo symbolizes growth, swirl's interlocking parts represents trade and partnership, and red and blue are reminiscent of national pride, with red exudes determination, passion and strength, and blue depicts stability and depth. This logo

8000-549: The subsequent independence of the Philippines restored the title of "President of the Philippines" enacted in the 1935 constitution. The 1973 constitution, though generally referring to the president as "President of the Philippines", Article XVII, Section 12 once used the term, "President of the Republic." In the text of Proclamation No. 1081 that placed the country under martial law in September 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos consistently referred to himself as "President of

8100-630: The term haring bayan or haringbayan as an adaptation and synonym of "republic", from its Latin roots as res publica . Since Presidente Supremo was shortened to Supremo in contemporary historical accounts of other people, he thus became known by that title alone in traditional Philippine historiography, which by itself was thus understood to mean "Supreme Leader" in contrast to the later "Presidents". However, as noted by Filipino historian Xiao Chua , Bonifacio did not refer himself as Supremo but rather as Kataas-taasang Pangulo (Supreme President), Pangulo ng Kataas-taasang Kapulungan (President of

8200-471: The title "Dictator" and the Declaration of Independence refers to him as such. On June 23, 1898, Aguinaldo transformed his dictatorial government into a revolutionary government and became known as "President" again. On January 23, 1899, Aguinaldo was then elected president of the " Philippine Republic " (Spanish: Republica Filipina ), a new government constituted by a revolutionary congress under

8300-544: The traditional venue for the inauguration ceremony: Barasoain Church in Malolos City , Bulacan ; in front of the old Legislative Building (now part of the National Museum ) in Manila; or at Quirino Grandstand , where most have been held. Some presidential have broken precedent, either due to extraordinary circumstances or In 2004, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo delivered her pre-inaugural address at Quirino Grandstand, took

8400-528: The veto shall not affect the item or items to which he does not object. By exerting their influence on Congress, the president can shape legislation and be involved in the legislative process. The State of the Nation Address also gives the president an opportunity to outline their priority legislative agenda. Article 7, Section 2 of the Constitution sets the following qualifications for holding

8500-518: The west and northwest, Limay to the north and northeast, and Manila Bay to the east. According to the Philippine Statistics Authority , the municipality has a land area of 153.90 square kilometres (59.42 sq mi)   constituting 11.21% of the 1,372.98-square-kilometre- (530.11 sq mi) total area of Bataan. Of this, about 69% consist of the pastureland, 19% of forestland, 6% agricultural lands and

8600-485: The world. However, in the 90s to 2000s BEPZ (now renamed as Bataan Economic Zone or BEZ after the enactment of Republic Act 7916 in February 1995) stagnated and declined after it was outcompeted by two newly formed freeport zones from the remnants of American bases in nearby Clark and Subic Bay. RA 7916 also led to the change from EPZA to Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA). To put a halt to BEZ's decline and allow

8700-648: The year 2023 from the 44 manufacturers operating in the freeport, employing roughly 40,000 personnels. In addition, in a report released by Commission on Audit (Philippines) , FAB is among the top ten GOCCs ( Government-owned and controlled corporations ) with PhP 43.68 billion income, topping all other freeports in the country. The various products produced are leather goods, electronic components, textile, sports and outdoor apparels, formed rubber and plastic products, medical personal protective equipment, fabricated metals, animal feeds, marine vessels, refined petroleum, petrochemicals and optical lenses. The tennis balls used in

8800-633: The yield of the land and catch from the sea for their existence. When NASSCO complex was set up in 1950, families of the Nassco workers began to inhabit a large piece of land which had been used by the US Navy as a base. NASSCO told the workers to stay where they like. Therefore the NASSCO community was formed. Until the late 1960s, Mariveles was largely underdeveloped. It had a rickety road network, with businesses centered mostly on sari-sari stores catering to

8900-456: The zone and has been in use until 2011 or the first few months of AFAB's full operations and management over the zone. In October 2010, FAB launched its website as part of the first anniversary of conversion from BEPZ/BEZ to FAB. From November 8 to December 23, 2010, FAB held its first FAB Fair named "FAB Fair '10: FAB on the Rise!". FAB Fair succeeded BEZ Trade Fair as a result of the turnover of

9000-437: The zone from PEZA to AFAB on June 29, 2010, and abolishment of BEPZ/BEZ on June 30, 2010, there are still traces and references of BEPZ/BEZ still left, such as on some signages found on Mariveles Zigzag Road and on a welcome sign located after the zone's another sign with a guard house along Roman Superhighway. This logo was also used on stickers to enter the zone's premises until FAB started to issue its own sticker which succeeded

9100-425: The zone in conjunction with PEZA from October 2009 to June 29, 2010. It is when the Bataan Export Processing Zone and Bataan Economic Zone names became the zone's secondary name until the abolishment of BEPZ/BEZ on June 30, 2010 resulting from the zone's full turnover of operations and management from PEZA to AFAB the day prior on June 29, 2010. From November to December 2009, BEZ held its last BEZ Trade Fair as one of

9200-539: The zone to fulfill its original mandate to become a catalyst for progress and development in the region, Bataan 2nd District Congressman Albert S. Garcia and Senator Loren Legarda authored a bill for the conversion of Bataan Economic Zone into a freeport and creation of the Authority of the Freeport Area of Bataan (AFAB). On May 6 and June 6, 2008, the consultative meeting on House Bill 1425 and Senate Bill 2118 known as Bataan Special Economic Zone and Freeport Act of 2008

9300-436: The zone used the logo of PEZA. This logo was primarily used before the conversion to Freeport Area of Bataan (FAB) from the creation of BEPZ on November 20, 1972 until October 23, 2009, and secondarily when AFAB partially operated and managed the zone for eight months along with PEZA and the subsequent abolishment of BEPZ/BEZ from October 23, 2009 to June 30, 2010. Despite the conversion to FAB on October 23, 2009, full turnover of

9400-651: The zone's operations and management from PEZA to AFAB. In 2012, the FAB registered the highest increase in employment generation among Investment Promotion Agencies (IPAs) after posting the highest growth rate, with PhP 390.6 million worth of investments, expanding by more than four times the PhP 86.0 million approved in 2011. FAB held its first State of the Freeport Address (SOFA) at the Bataan Convention Center on October 23, 2018, coinciding with

9500-652: Was again elected president at Biak-na-Bato , Bulacan in November, leading a reorganized "Republic of the Philippines" (Spanish: Republica de Filipinas ), commonly known today as the Republic of Biak-na-Bato . Aguinaldo therefore signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato and went into exile in Hong Kong at the end of 1897. In April 1898, the Spanish–American War broke out, and afterwards, the Asiatic Squadron of

9600-490: Was held. Legarda said that the conversion to a freeport zone will generate more investment for Bataan. It also helps to address the government's efforts of creating 2 million jobs per year to be able to neutralize the rate of unemployment in the country. The Philippine Congress then passed the Freeport Area of Bataan Act (Republic Act 9728), which was enacted into law on October 23, 2009. This Act converted BEZ into FAB, and created AFAB which started to partially operate and manage

9700-472: Was himself instructed to remain in Manila by President Quezon. Laurel and Aguinaldo were not formally recognized as Philippine presidents until Diosdado Macapagal's administration. Their inclusion in the official list coincided with the transfer of the official date of Independence Day from July 4 (the anniversary of the Philippines' independence from the United States) to June 12 (the anniversary of

9800-413: Was never brought to the Supreme Court. It remains unclear whether the term limit of no re-election applies only to the incumbent president or for any person who has been elected as president. The president is elected by direct vote every six years, usually on the second Monday of May. The latest election was held in 2022 . The returns of every election for president and vice president, duly certified by

9900-416: Was the inaugural president of a predecessor state to the current one, while Roxas was the first president of an independent Philippines. The government considers Aguinaldo to have been the first president of the Philippines, followed by Quezon and his successors. Despite the differences in constitutions and government, the line of presidents is considered to be continuous. For instance, Rodrigo Duterte,

10000-689: Was the site of Mariveles Naval Section Base , completed for the United States Asiatic Fleet on 22 July 1941, and was surrendered to the Imperial Japanese Army on 9 April 1942. The Mariveles Airfield, a 3,800-foot (1,200 m) dirt runway at the Section Base, was the starting point of the Bataan Death March . Today the Freeport Area of Bataan (FAB), has made the port of trading zone, and industry to

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