Misplaced Pages

#396603

53-718: [REDACTED] Look up bauch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Bauch is the German word for belly . It is used as a surname, notable people with the name include: Bruno Bauch (1877–1942), German Neo-Kantian philosopher Christa Bauch (b. 1947), Professional female bodybuilder from Germany Emil Bauch (1823-after 1874), German painter, lithographer and teacher who made his reputation in Brazil Herbert Bauch (b. 1957), Boxer who represented East Germany at

106-439: A car without thinking about the process. A tendon is a piece of connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone. When a muscle intercepts, it pulls against the skeleton to create movement. A tendon connects this muscle to a bone, making this function possible. At rest, the body produces the majority of its ATP aerobically in the mitochondria without producing lactic acid or other fatiguing byproducts. During exercise,

159-444: A newborn, it may represent a diaphragmatic hernia . In general, it is indicative of malnutrition . Many gastrointestinal diseases affect the abdominal organs. These include stomach disease , liver disease , pancreatic disease , gallbladder and bile duct disease; intestinal diseases include enteritis , coeliac disease , diverticulitis , and irritable bowel syndrome . Different medical procedures can be used to examine

212-451: A specific circumstance will involve controlling the precise number of motor units used. While individual muscle units' contract as a unit, the entire muscle can contract on a predetermined basis due to the structure of the motor unit. Motor unit coordination, balance, and control frequently come under the direction of the cerebellum of the brain. This allows for complex muscular coordination with little conscious effort, such as when one drives

265-407: Is fixed, they can pull up the pelvis and finally, they can bend the vertebral column sideways and assist in the trunk's rotation. The transverse abdominis muscle is the deepest muscle; therefore, it cannot be touched from the outside. It can greatly affect the body's posture. The internal obliques are also deep and also affect body posture. Both of them are involved in rotation and lateral flexion of

318-435: Is flat and triangular, with its fibers running horizontally. It lies between the internal oblique and the underlying transverse fascia . It originates from the inguinal ligament, costal cartilages 7-12, the iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia. Inserts into the conjoint tendon, xiphoid process , linea alba and the pubic crest. The rectus abdominis muscles are long and flat. The muscle is crossed by three fibrous bands called

371-417: Is important to properly exercise the abdominal muscles together with the back muscles because when these are weak or overly tight they can suffer painful spasms and injuries . When properly exercised, abdominal muscles contribute to improved posture and balance, reduce the likelihood of back pain episodes, reduce the severity of back pain, protect against injury, help avoid some back surgeries, and help with

424-433: Is involuntary. Heart muscle is controlled by the sinus node influenced by the autonomic nervous system . Smooth muscle contraction is regulated by the autonomic nervous system , hormones , and local chemical signals, allowing for gradual and sustained contractions. This type of muscle tissue is also capable of adapting to different levels of stretch and tension, which is important for maintaining proper blood flow and

477-400: Is the sliding filament model of muscle contraction. Within the sarcomere, actin and myosin fibers overlap in a contractile motion towards each other. Myosin filaments have club-shaped myosin heads that project toward the actin filaments, and provide attachment points on binding sites for the actin filaments. The myosin heads move in a coordinated style; they swivel toward the center of

530-408: Is the muscle that very fit people develop into "six-pack" abs, though there are five vertical sections on each side. The two bottom sections are just above the pubic bone and usually not visible. The rectus abdominals' function is to bend one's back forward (flexion). The main work of the abdominal muscles is to bend the spine forward when contracting concentrically. Social and cultural perceptions of

583-453: Is to draw three horizontal and two vertical lines. The two vertical or mid-Poupart lines are drawn from the point midway between the anterior superior spine and the pubic symphysis on each side, vertically upward to the costal margin. The right subcostal margin corresponds to the lower limit of the liver , while the right nipple is about half an inch above its upper limit. The abdomen can be divided into quadrants or regions to describe

SECTION 10

#1732782940397

636-450: Is very quick, with full creatine stores regenerated within five minutes. Multiple diseases can affect the muscular system. Muscular dystrophy is a group of disorders associated with progressive muscle weakness and loss of muscle mass. These disorders are caused by mutations in a person's genes. The disease affects between 19.8 and 25.1 per 100,000 person-years globally. There are more than 30 types of muscular dystrophy. Depending on

689-538: The Lepidoptera and the Symphyta (sawflies) have fleshy appendages called prolegs on their abdominal segments (as well as their more familiar thoracic legs), which allow them to grip onto the edges of plant leaves as they walk around. In arachnids (spiders, scorpions and relatives), the term "abdomen" is used interchangeably with " opisthosoma " ("hind body"), which is the body section posterior to that bearing

742-461: The aorta , inferior vena cava and esophagus pass through the diaphragm. Both the abdominal and pelvic cavities are lined by a serous membrane known as the parietal peritoneum . This membrane is continuous with the visceral peritoneum lining the organs. The abdomen in vertebrates contains a number of organs belonging to, for instance, the digestive system , urinary system , and muscular system . The abdominal cavity contains most organs of

795-437: The digestive system , including the stomach , the small intestine , and the colon with its attached appendix . Other digestive organs are known as the accessory digestive organs and include the liver , its attached gallbladder , and the pancreas , and these communicate with the rest of the system via various ducts. The spleen , and organs of the urinary system including the kidneys , and adrenal glands also lie within

848-407: The hip . All of their fibers merge towards the midline and surround the rectus abdominis in a sheath before joining up on the opposite side at the linea alba . Strength is gained by the criss-crossing of fibers, such that the external oblique runs downward and forward, the internal oblique upward and forward, and the transverse abdominal horizontally forward. The transverse abdominal muscle

901-414: The linea alba in the abdominal wall. At about its midpoint sits the umbilicus or navel . The rectus abdominis on each side of the linea alba stands out in muscular people. The outline of these muscles is interrupted by three or more transverse depressions indicating the tendinous intersections . There is usually one about the xiphoid process, one at the navel, and one in between. It is the combination of

954-435: The navel . Functionally, the human abdomen is where most of the digestive tract is placed and so most of the absorption and digestion of food occurs here. The alimentary tract in the abdomen consists of the lower esophagus , the stomach , the duodenum , the jejunum , ileum , the cecum and the appendix , the ascending , transverse and descending colons , the sigmoid colon and the rectum . Other vital organs inside

1007-622: The skeletal system in the human, it forms the musculoskeletal system , which is responsible for the movement of the body . There are three distinct types of muscle: skeletal muscle , cardiac or heart muscle , and smooth (non-striated) muscle . Muscles provide strength, balance, posture, movement, and heat for the body to keep warm. There are more than 600 muscles in an adult male human body. A kind of elastic tissue makes up each muscle, which consists of thousands, or tens of thousands, of small muscle fibers. Each fiber comprises many tiny strands called fibrils, impulses from nerve cells control

1060-406: The spine and are used to bend and support the spine from the front. The external obliques are more superficial and are also involved in rotation and lateral flexion of the spine. They also stabilize the spine when upright. The rectus abdominis muscle is not the most superficial abdominal muscle. The tendonous sheath extending from the external obliques cover the rectus abdominis. The rectus abdominis

1113-413: The tendinous intersections . The rectus abdominis is enclosed in a thick sheath, formed as described above, by fibers from each of the three muscles of the lateral abdominal wall. They originate at the pubis bone , run up the abdomen on either side of the linea alba, and insert into the cartilages of the fifth, sixth, and seventh ribs. In the region of the groin , the inguinal canal , is a passage through

SECTION 20

#1732782940397

1166-462: The 1980 Summer Olympics Jan Bauch (1898–1995), Czech artist especially noted as a painter and sculptor Kurt Bauch (1897–1975), German art historian [REDACTED] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bauch (surname) . [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with the surname Bauch . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding

1219-431: The abdomen include the liver , the kidneys , the pancreas and the spleen . The abdominal wall is split into the posterior (back), lateral (sides), and anterior (front) walls. The abdominal muscles have different important functions. They assist as muscles of exhalation in the breathing process during forceful exhalation . Moreover, these muscles serve as protection for the inner organs. Furthermore, together with

1272-423: The abdomen, along with many blood vessels including the aorta and inferior vena cava . The urinary bladder , uterus , fallopian tubes , and ovaries may be seen as either abdominal organs or as pelvic organs. Finally, the abdomen contains an extensive membrane called the peritoneum . A fold of peritoneum may completely cover certain organs, whereas it may cover only one side of organs that usually lie closer to

1325-412: The abdominal organs. This is associated with a higher risk of heart disease , asthma and type 2 diabetes. Abdominal trauma is an injury to the abdomen and can involve damage to the abdominal organs. There is an associated risk of severe blood loss and infection . Injury to the lower chest can cause injuries to the spleen and liver. A scaphoid abdomen is when the abdomen is sucked inwards. In

1378-407: The abdominal wall. This is called the retroperitoneum , and the kidneys and ureters are known as retroperitoneal organs. There are three layers of muscles in the abdominal wall . They are, from the outside to the inside: external oblique , internal oblique , and transverse abdominal . The first three layers extend between the vertebral column , the lower ribs, the iliac crest and pubis of

1431-419: The actin-binding sites. When the muscle no longer needs to contract, the calcium ions are pumped from the sarcomere and back into storage in the sarcoplasmic reticulum . There are approximately 639 skeletal muscles in the human body. Heart muscle is striated muscle but is distinct from skeletal muscle because the muscle fibers are laterally connected. Furthermore, just as with smooth muscles, their movement

1484-407: The back muscles they provide postural support and are important in defining the form. When the glottis is closed and the thorax and pelvis are fixed, they are integral in the cough , urination , defecation , childbirth , vomit , and singing functions. When the pelvis is fixed, they can initiate the movement of the trunk in a forward motion. They also prevent hyperextension . When the thorax

1537-500: The bulbous gaster . The petiole and gaster (abdominal segments 2 and onward) are collectively called the metasoma . Unlike other arthropods, insects possess no legs on the abdomen in adult form, though the Protura do have rudimentary leg-like appendages on the first three abdominal segments, and Archaeognatha possess small, articulated "styli" which are sometimes considered to be rudimentary appendages. Many larval insects including

1590-464: The common honey bee . In the Collembola (springtails), the abdomen has only six segments. The abdomen is sometimes highly modified. In Apocrita (bees, ants and wasps), the first segment of the abdomen is fused to the thorax and is called the propodeum . In ants , the second segment forms the narrow petiole . Some ants have an additional postpetiole segment, and the remaining segments form

1643-440: The concavity of the ileum. However, the term is in common usage. Abdominal organs can be highly specialized in some mammals. For example, the stomach of ruminants , (a suborder of mammals that includes cattle and sheep ), is divided into four chambers – rumen , reticulum , omasum and abomasum . In arthropods , the abdomen is built up of a series of upper plates known as tergites and lower plates known as sternites ,

Bauch - Misplaced Pages Continue

1696-456: The contraction of each muscle fiber. Skeletal muscle, is a type of striated muscle , composed of muscle cells , called muscle fibers , which are in turn composed of myofibrils . Myofibrils are composed of sarcomeres , the basic building blocks of striated muscle tissue. Upon stimulation by an action potential , skeletal muscles perform a coordinated contraction by shortening each sarcomere. The best proposed model for understanding contraction

1749-409: The discharged ADP with ATP. Muscle tissue also contains a stored supply of a fast-acting recharge chemical, creatine phosphate , which when necessary can assist with the rapid regeneration of ADP into ATP. Calcium ions are required for each cycle of the sarcomere. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcomere when a muscle is stimulated to contract. This calcium uncovers

1802-445: The formation of electrical changes, which are produced in the muscle cell when the acetylcholine binds to receptors on its surface. Calcium is released from its storage area in the cell's sarcoplasmic reticulum. An impulse from a nerve cell causes calcium release and brings about a single, short muscle contraction called a muscle twitch . If there is a problem at the neuromuscular junction, a very prolonged contraction may occur, such as

1855-424: The front and the peritoneal surface at the rear. In vertebrates, the abdomen is a large body cavity enclosed by the abdominal muscles, at the front and to the sides, and by part of the vertebral column at the back. Lower ribs can also enclose ventral and lateral walls. The abdominal cavity is continuous with, and above, the pelvic cavity. It is attached to the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm. Structures such as

1908-418: The healing of back problems, or after spine surgery. When strengthened, the abdominal muscles provide flexibility as well. The abdominal muscles can be worked by strength and fitness exercises, and through practicing disciplines of general body strength such as Pilates , yoga , tai chi , and jogging . Abdominal obesity is a condition where abdominal fat or visceral fat, has built up excessively between

1961-408: The ilium to the spine of the pubis . These lower limits are marked by visible grooves. Just above the pubic spines on either side are the external abdominal rings, which are openings in the muscular wall of the abdomen through which the spermatic cord emerges in the male, and through which an inguinal hernia may rupture. One method by which the location of the abdominal contents can be appreciated

2014-405: The layers. This gap is where the testes can drop through the wall and where the fibrous cord from the uterus in the female runs. This is also where weakness can form, and cause inguinal hernias . The pyramidalis muscle is small and triangular. It is located in the lower abdomen in front of the rectus abdominis. It originates at the pubic bone and is inserted into the linea alba halfway up to

2067-456: The legs and head (the prosoma or cephalothorax ). Muscular system The muscular system is an organ system consisting of skeletal , smooth , and cardiac muscle. It permits movement of the body, maintains posture, and circulates blood throughout the body. The muscular systems in vertebrates are controlled through the nervous system although some muscles (such as the cardiac muscle ) can be completely autonomous. Together with

2120-424: The linea alba and the tendinous intersections which form the abdominal "six-pack" sought after by many people. The upper lateral limit of the abdomen is the subcostal margin (at or near the subcostal plane ) formed by the cartilages of the false ribs (8, 9, 10) joining one another. The lower lateral limit is the anterior crest of the ilium and Poupart's ligament , which runs from the anterior superior spine of

2173-406: The location of an organ or structure. Classically, quadrants are described as the left upper, left lower, right upper, and right lower. Quadrants are also often used in describing the site of an abdominal pain. The abdomen can also be divided into nine regions. These terms stem from "hypo" meaning "below" and "epi" means "above", while "chondron" means "cartilage" (in this case, the cartilage of

Bauch - Misplaced Pages Continue

2226-495: The method of ATP production varies depending on the fitness of the individual as well as the duration and intensity of exercise. At lower activity levels, when exercise continues for a long duration (several minutes or longer), energy is produced aerobically by combining oxygen with carbohydrates and fats stored in the body. During activity that is higher in intensity, with possible duration decreasing as intensity increases, ATP production can switch to anaerobic pathways, such as

2279-421: The movement of materials through the digestive system . Neuromuscular junctions are the focal point where a motor neuron attaches to a muscle. Acetylcholine , (a neurotransmitter used in skeletal muscle contraction) is released from the axon terminal of the nerve cell when an action potential reaches the microscopic junction called a synapse . A group of chemical messengers across the synapse and stimulate

2332-403: The muscle contractions that result from tetanus . Also, a loss of function at the junction can produce paralysis . Skeletal muscles are organized into hundreds of motor units , each of which involves a motor neuron, attached by a series of thin finger-like structures called axon terminals . These attach to and control discrete bundles of muscle fibers. A coordinated and fine-tuned response to

2385-436: The organs of the gastrointestinal tract. These include endoscopy , colonoscopy , sigmoidoscopy , enteroscopy , oesophagogastroduodenoscopy and virtual colonoscopy . There are also a number of medical imaging techniques that can be used. Surface landmarks are important in the examination of the abdomen . In the mid-line, a slight furrow extends from the xiphoid process above to the pubic symphysis below, representing

2438-440: The outward appearance of the abdomen has varying significance around the world. Depending on the type of society, excess weight can be perceived as an indicator of wealth and prestige due to excess food, or as a sign of poor health due to lack of exercise. In many cultures, bare abdomens are distinctly sexualized and perceived similarly to breast cleavage . Being key elements of spinal support, and contributors to good posture, it

2491-563: The oxygen delivery system to be more efficient, allowing aerobic metabolism to begin quicker. Anaerobic ATP production produces ATP much faster and allows near-maximal intensity exercise, but also produces significant amounts of lactic acid which render high-intensity exercise unsustainable for more than several minutes. The phosphagen system is also anaerobic. It allows for the highest levels of exercise intensity, but intramuscular stores of phosphocreatine are very limited and can only provide energy for exercises lasting up to ten seconds. Recovery

2544-409: The person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bauch&oldid=1054316943 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Commons category link is on Wikidata Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All set index articles Abdomen In humans, the abdomen stretches from

2597-486: The rib) and "gaster" means stomach. The reversal of "left" and "right" is intentional, because the anatomical designations reflect the patient's own right and left .) The "right iliac fossa" (RIF) is a common site of pain and tenderness in patients who have appendicitis . The fossa is named for the underlying iliac fossa of the hip bone , and thus is somewhat imprecise. Most of the anatomical structures that will produce pain and tenderness in this region are not in fact in

2650-501: The sarcomere, detach and then reattach to the nearest active site of the actin filament. This is called a ratchet type drive system. This process consumes large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy source of the cell. ATP binds to the cross-bridges between myosin heads and actin filaments. The release of energy powers the swiveling of the myosin head. When ATP is used, it becomes adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and since muscles store little ATP, they must continuously replace

2703-399: The thorax at the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvis at the pelvic brim . The pelvic brim stretches from the lumbosacral joint (the intervertebral disc between L5 and S1 ) to the pubic symphysis and is the edge of the pelvic inlet . The space above this inlet and under the thoracic diaphragm is termed the abdominal cavity. The boundary of the abdominal cavity is the abdominal wall in

SECTION 50

#1732782940397

2756-430: The use of the creatine phosphate and the phosphagen system or anaerobic glycolysis . Aerobic ATP production is biochemically much slower and can only be used for long-duration, low-intensity exercise, but produces no fatiguing waste products that cannot be removed immediately from the sarcomere and the body, and it results in a much greater number of ATP molecules per fat or carbohydrate molecule. Aerobic training allows

2809-415: The whole being held together by a tough yet stretchable membrane. In insects , the abdomen contains the insect's digestive tract and reproductive organs, it consists of eleven segments in most orders of insects though the eleventh segment is absent in the adult of most higher orders. The number of these segments does vary from species to species with the number of segments visible reduced to only seven in

#396603