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80-590: Bauhaus Dessau , also Bauhaus-Building Dessau , is a building-complex in Dessau-Roßlau . It is considered the pinnacle of pre-war modern design in Europe and originated out of the dissolution of the Weimar School and the move by local politicians to reconcile the city's industrial character with its cultural past. The building was constructed between 1925 and 1926 according to plans by Walter Gropius as

160-423: A base of about 40 cm of black brick and the rest is built of yellow bricks. The combined effect is a feeling of lightness or as Gropius called it "etherealization". In order to enhance this feeling of lightness, Gropius and Meyer used a series of optical refinements like greater horizontal than vertical elements on the windows, longer windows on the corners and taller windows on the last floor. The design of

240-617: A bombing raid in 1945. In the 1950s, a residential building with a traditional gable roof was built on the foundations of the destroyed Gropius house (Emmer Haus). The bombed half of the Moholy-Nagy house was demolished leaving an open space which left the Feininger house to stand alone (it is currently used by the Kurt Weill Centre ). In the 1990s, the remaining houses were extensively restored, partly with private funds. In

320-481: A centre of the Törten housing estate. It consists of two interlocking cubes, a horizontal shop section and a vertical three-storey residential section. This is how it is still used today. These days, the former shop section houses an information centre on the Törten settlement, which offers daily guided tours. As part of the planned expansion of the Törten estate, the arcade houses (Mittelbreite, Peterholzstr.) located to

400-486: A continued population decline . Dessau-Roßlau is the third largest town of Saxony-Anhalt by population, after Magdeburg and Halle . Its area is 245.0 km (94.6 sq mi). Dessau is the largest population centre within Dessau-Roßlau, with approximately 79,000 inhabitants (2021). Most of the town is located on the left bank of the river Mulde , south of its confluence with the river Elbe . Dessau

480-418: A flat site in such a way that there is no "front" in the customary sense. In one of these wings was the " School of Arts and Crafts" (later to become a technical school), the workshop wing with its distinctive glass curtain wall and Atelierhaus. The wall's design evoked industrial innovation of a factory building rather than the tradition and civic elevation of an academic institution. The Atelierhaus contained

560-407: A mirror image of the other and rotated by 90 degrees. Characteristic for the architecture of these houses is their cubic shape featuring a flat roof, their expansive, monochrome surfaces and their large windows, which create a connection between the inside and outside. This connection is also thematised by the expansive terraces and balconies as well as the numerous doors: From nearly every room there

640-517: A privately used residential building, it is not open to the public. The so-called Steel House (Stahlhaus) was built in 1926/1927 and was a joint work by Richard Paulick and the Bauhaus master Georg Muche . They wanted to continue the rationalisation efforts of Walter Gropius (prefabrication of concrete parts) by using prefabricated steel plates in a dry assembly process. The Steel House remained an experiment, however, because it struggled greatly with

720-555: A school building for the Bauhaus School of Art, Design and Architecture. The building itself and the Masters' Houses that were built in the immediate vicinity established the reputation of the Bauhaus as an "icon of modernism". War-damaged and structurally altered sections were largely reconstructed from 1965 onwards in the spirit of the original. The building was restored and partially modernized in 1976. Between 1996 and 2006,

800-657: Is twinned with: Fagus Factory The building that had the greatest influence on the Fagus factory design was the 1909 AEG turbine factory in Berlin, designed by Peter Behrens . Gropius and Meyer had both worked on the project and with the Fagus factory they presented their interpretation and criticism of their teacher’s work. The Fagus main building can be seen as an inversion of the AEG turbine factory. Both have corners free of supports, and glass surfaces between piers that cover

880-547: Is a kreisfreie Stadt (urban district) in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt . It is situated at the confluence of the rivers Elbe and Mulde . The town was formed by merger of the towns of Dessau and Roßlau as part of the 2007 regional boundary reform of Saxony-Anhalt ( Kreisreform Sachsen-Anhalt ). The reform involved a reduction in the number of rural districts in Sachsen-Anhalt from 21 to 11, in anticipation of

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960-406: Is a door providing access to the outdoors. Elements that are highly visible from the outside are also the radiators of the central heating system, with which "the contemporary" was to be conveyed outwards for everyone to admire. For example, this even led to the radiators in the bathrooms being placed in thermally unsuitable locations, just so that they would be clearly visible from the outside through

1040-584: Is a lease agreement with the Anhalt University of Applied Sciences . Currently, six rooms on the ground floor of the north wing are used for teaching activities. To mark the 100th anniversary of the Bauhaus in 2019, a newly built museum opened in Dessau's city centre on 8 September 2019. Near the Bauhaus (Ebertallee 65–71, 51°50′36″N 12°13′14″E  /  51.8432°N 12.2205°E  / 51.8432; 12.2205 ), Walter Gropius built

1120-456: Is also the design of life processes, the buildings took into account considerations of sun exposure at different times of the day and year and the processes in a residential building. Because of the flat roof construction, the houses were strongly criticised by conservatives. The settlement has undergone numerous subsequent changes. The window facades in particular have been changed almost throughout. Numerous individual facade designs have softened

1200-453: Is commonly referred to as the Fagus building is the main building. It was constructed in 1911 according to Werner's plan but with the glass facades designed by Gropius and Meyer and then expanded in 1913. The Fagus building has a 40-centimeter high, dark brick base that projects from the facade by 4 centimeters. The entrance with the clock is part of the 1913 expansion. The interiors of the building, which contained mainly offices, were finished in

1280-501: Is left out from many of the photographs. Apart from them, the site contains various small buildings designed by Gropius and Meyer. Gropius and Meyer were able to enforce only minor changes in the overall layout of the factory complex. Overall, Werner's intended layout for the individual buildings within the complex was carried out; greater uniformity and coherence were achieved, however, through Gropius and Meyer's reductionism in form, material, and color. For many years, people thought that

1360-543: The Elbe from the mid-18th century until the 1870s. The building is still used as a restaurant today. The Bauhaus Tour is a 17 km long bicycle route. The signposted circular route connects all the monuments of Bauhaus architecture in Dessau. Articles 51°50′21″N 12°13′38″E  /  51.8392°N 12.2272°E  / 51.8392; 12.2272 Dessau-Ro%C3%9Flau Dessau-Roßlau ( German pronunciation: [ˈdɛsaʊ̯ ˈʁɔslaʊ̯] )

1440-725: The Laubenganghäuser there as well as the ADGB Trade Union School in Bernau . Between 1925 and 1932, various other buildings by Bauhaus architects were also constructed in Dessau, including the Törten housing estate, the employment office and the Kornhaus restaurant. The building, constructed in the international style , consists of five functionally structured parts, arranged additively in several wings. The reinforced concrete-frame structures were arranged on

1520-585: The NSDAP won 15 of the 36 seats in the municipal elections in Dessau, making it the strongest party. In their leaflet for the elections on 25 October 1931, the National Socialists support eight points, the first as follows: In the municipal council meeting on 21 January 1932, the NSDAP demanded that the building be demolished. This and the decision to cancel funding were narrowly avoided. On 8 July 1932

1600-601: The UNESCO World Heritage List . Between 1996 and 2006, Bauhaus Dessau was repaired and restored based on the plans of the 1920s and other findings for 17 million euros. The Bauhaus Dessau was included in the Blaubuch in 2001. This is a list of nationally significant cultural institutions in East Germany and currently includes 20 so-called cultural lighthouses. After the last restoration work

1680-637: The "hot-cold problem" due to the properties of the material. After restoration, it housed an information centre on the Törten Housing Estate until June 2011. Today it can be visited during daily guided tours. The first city employment office (Arbeitsamt) (today the Office for Regulation and Transportation of the City of Dessau-Roßlau) was built in 1928/1929 according to designs by Walter Gropius. Gropius' private architectural office also carried out

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1760-602: The Bauhaus in Berlin as a private institute in Berlin-Lankwitz ; but only a short time later (1933), the National Socialists finally forced the institution to close its doors. The Bauhaus building in Dessau served as the Gauführerschule in the Gau Magdeburg-Anhalt region. A Gauführerschule or district leader school was a training institution of the NSDAP or one of its affiliated associations and

1840-567: The Bauhaus moved from Weimar to Dessau, the name of this part of the building was taken from the studio building of the same name in Weimar, which is named after its builder Louis Preller. As early as 1911, Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer jointly designed the Fagus Factory in Alfeld (Leine). They used elements that would later become characteristic and determine the style: The entire building

1920-479: The Masters' Houses was carried out by the Federal President of Germany, Gauck, on 16 May 2014. The earlier debate about whether the houses should be reconstructed true to the original has now become obsolete. A kiosk (Trinkhalle) built in the neighbourhood of the Masters' Housing Estate according to plans by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe was demolished in the 1970s. In 2013, the kiosk was rebuilt as part of

2000-654: The National Socialist Alfred Freyberg , who was elected Prime Minister of the Free State of Anhalt , and the National Socialist art theorist and architect Paul Schultze-Naumburg visited Bauhaus Dessau. In the meantime, the voting conditions in the municipal council had changed, so on 22 August 1932, at the request of the NSDAP party, the decision was made to close the building. Mies van der Rohe still attempted to continue with

2080-518: The architect Eduard Werner (1847–1923), whom he knew from an earlier renovation of the Behrens factory. Although Werner was a specialist in factory design, Benscheidt was not pleased with the outside appearance of his design. His factory was separated from Behrens’s by a train line and Benscheidt thought of the building's elevation on that side (north) as a permanent advertisement for his factory. In January 1911 he contacted Walter Gropius and offered him

2160-399: The architecture department, but was also dismissed for political reasons on 1 August 1930, and emigrated with his family and a group of his students to Moscow . He was succeeded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe , who was unable to keep the Bauhaus out of the political turmoil, despite the school's professional and academic success. In 1931, a little over a year before Hitler's seizure of power ,

2240-616: The area on 1 July 1945. Several engineers of the jet engine development team at Junkers ended up at the Lycoming engine plant in Stratford, Conn., building gas turbine engines for the U.S. Army from 1952 on. Roßlau has approximately 13,000 inhabitants (2006). It is located on the right bank of the Elbe, near its confluence with the Mulde, about 7 kilometers north of the centre of Dessau. Roßlau

2320-681: The birthplaces of the " Jet Age " because the Junkers factory that designed the Jumo 004 jet engine for the German Me 262 jet fighter (operational from mid-1944) was designed there. As the western shore of the Elbe-Mulde rivers was the stopping point for U.S. troops in World War II, the capture of the town allowed the U.S. Army to evacuate Junkers employees to the west before Russia occupied

2400-676: The building was restored and repaired in accordance with the principles of historical preservation . Since 1996, the building complex has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau , which also includes the Haus am Horn , the art school building and the main building of the Bauhaus University in Weimar , the Masters' Houses in Dessau, and since 2017,

2480-403: The building was oriented to the railroad side. Benscheidt considered that the point of view of the passengers on the trains was the one that determined the image of the building and placed great weight on the facade on that side. It was already noted by Peter Behrens (with whom Gropius and Meyer were working one year before starting work on the Fagus factory) that architects should take account of

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2560-417: The buildings on the site give a common image and appear as a unified whole. The architects achieved this by the use of some common elements in all the buildings. The first one is the use of floor-to-ceiling glass windows on steel frames that go around the corners of the buildings without a visible (most of the time without any) structural support. The other unifying element is the use of brick. All buildings have

2640-458: The carpentry workshop (seating in the assembly hall by Marcel Breuer ). For the classrooms in the bridge wing as well as the workshops, Walter Gropius decided to use stools exclusively from the Chemnitz -based company Rowac . The lamps were designed in the metal workshop mainly by Marianne Brandt , (lamps in the assembly hall by Max Krajewsky) Furniture fabrics and curtain fabrics were made in

2720-468: The community building for the Dessau School of Arts and Crafts (from 1926 onwards technical schools) and the Bauhaus. In September 1925, construction of the joint school building began. The topping-out ceremony was held on 21 March 1926, and the inauguration took place on 4 December 1926. The school had planned and carried out large parts of the furnishings themselves: Furniture and fixtures came from

2800-463: The company, which was on its way to being one of the biggest in that sector in Germany. In October 1910, he resigned from his position because of differences with Behrens's son. After his resignation Benscheidt immediately started his own company. He established a partnership with an American company acquiring both capital and expertise. He bought the land directly opposite Behrens's factory and hired

2880-517: The construction. Richard Paulick was heavily involved in the construction of the employment office. The external impression was, however, massively altered by retrofitted wooden windows. The Kornhaus sightseeing restaurant was built in 1929/1930 on behalf of the city of Dessau and the Schultheiss-Patzenhofer brewery directly on the Elbe dyke according to plans by Carl Fieger. The name recalls an old granary that stood here directly on

2960-567: The direction of professor Philipp Oswalt, built a residential building in the Laubengang estate according to the plans of the architect and Bauhaus teacher Ludwig Hilberseimer . The Fieger House is located near the settlement in Südstraße. The house, built in the summer of 1927, is the only realised design by Carl Fieger from a series of plans for small houses that were to be built using a rational construction method with versatile rooms. As

3040-461: The dormitory studios for the students. The north wing of the crafts school and the workshop wing are connected by a two-story bridge. This was intended for administrative rooms and the building office of Gropius (later the Bauhaus architecture department). In a flat building between the workshop section and the Atelierhaus are the auditorium and stage as well as the Bauhaus cafeteria. Apart from

3120-453: The edges, thereby conveying an impression of lightness. The curtain wall itself did not carry any load, but showed the load-bearing elements that had become integral parts of the design. New approaches were also taken in the color scheme. The outer walls were kept in a neutral, plain white, while the interior was painted in various colors between load-bearing and exterior elements. Each of the thirteen workshops made its own special contribution;

3200-464: The entire complex. The "open" facade creates a new, also from an educational perspective, effective relationship between the inside and outside, giving the impression of freedom and clarity. However, the delicate glass facade with its steel frame caused major problems in terms of sun protection and building climate control. In summer, the building heated up considerably due to direct sunlight. A necessary sun protection system consisting of curtains destroyed

3280-492: The expiration of the contracts, which were valid until 31 March 1925. The mayor of Dessau , Fritz Hesse, and his cultural advisor Ludwig Grote made it possible for Gropius to move the school to Dessau, where the Bauhaus was rebuilt between 1925 and 1926 according to Gropius' designs and recognized as the State University of Anhalt in 1926. In March 1925, Gropius' office was commissioned by the city of Dessau to design

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3360-556: The flat roof has also changed. Only in the building [the Steiner House , Vienna] by Adolf Loos which was done one year before the Fagus Factory, have we seen the same feeling for the pure cube. Another exceedingly important quality of Gropius's building is that, thanks to the large expanses of clear glass, the usual hard separation of exterior and interior is annihilated. Although constructed with different systems, all of

3440-503: The floor joists. Hence, the ceilings in the main building were not continuous shears and thus were unable to fulfill the necessary bracing function." The same kind of misunderstanding exists about the glass façade of the building that many writers describe as a curtain wall similar to the one Gropius used for the Bauhaus Dessau building . Götz describes it like this: "The window openings were intrados frames composed of L beams;

3520-497: The glass surface to the front. Gropius describes this transformation by saying, "The role of the walls becomes restricted to that of mere screens stretched between the upright columns of the framework to keep out rain, cold and noise" At the time of the design of the Fagus factory, Gropius was collecting photographs of industrial buildings in the USA to be used for a Deutscher Werkbund publication. The design of these American factories

3600-514: The in-house weaving mill under Gunta Stölzl . The lettering came from the advertising workshop and the color scheme from the mural painting workshop. With its foundation in 1926, an architecture department was also started up for the first time, which was headed by the Swiss-born Hannes Meyer in 1927. In 1928 Gropius resigned from management. Meyer, who was highly politically involved, succeeded him on 1 April 1928, and expanded

3680-661: The intended transparency. In winter the building cooled down very quickly due to the single pane glass and required extensive heating. Ventilation is provided by mechanically controlled slatted windows, which are very elaborate in detail. Particularly striking is the protruding five-story building section, which is known as the Prellerhaus. After its completion in 1926, the 28 studios were used by young masters and students as living and working space. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe had studios converted into large classrooms in 1930. Since 2006 it has been available for overnight stays. After

3760-451: The internal membering with horizontal and vertical muntins was differentiated in that all the verticals appeared more slender on the outside, while the horizontals appeared wider. These fames were, however, only floor-to-floor height, screwed to the building on four sides; one string course that reached across the three floors consisted, in fact, of three different sections. Along the side of the building, 3-millimetre-thick steel plates sealed

3840-468: The job of redesigning the facades of Werner's plan. Gropius accepted the offer and a long collaboration began that continued until 1925 when the last buildings on the site were completed. During construction, Gropius and his partner Meyer were under great pressure to keep up to the rhythm of work. Construction started in May 1911 based on Werner's plans and Benscheidt wanted the factory to be running by winter of

3920-572: The living spaces here were also kept extremely compact. 48 m were supposed to be enough for a family of up to four. The units were rented out for a small fee. Today, a model residence that has been faithfully restored to its original state can be visited. Since 2017, the arcade houses are part of the Bauhaus UNESCO World Heritage Site. In August 2019, researchers and students from the University of Kassel , under

4000-446: The main building was made of concrete or steel, because of its glass façade. However, during its renovation during the 80s, it became clear that this was not the case. Jürgen Götz, the engineer responsible for the renovation since 1982, describes the construction system like this: "The main building was erected on top of a structurally stable basement with flat caps. Nonreinforced concrete ( compressed concrete ), mixed with pebble dashing

4080-429: The masters' houses as accommodation for the masters of the Bauhaus. These also served as model houses for modern living. The client was the city of Dessau, and the Bauhaus masters lived there as tenants. From east to west, there was Gropius' house and the double houses for Moholy-Nagy / Feininger , Muche / Schlemmer and Kandinsky / Klee . The three double houses had identical floor plans, with one half forming nearly

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4160-405: The metal workshop, carpentry, stained glass, weaving, mural painting, and harmonization studies, among others, acted equally as both art and craft, all of which were united by the architecture workshop led by Walter Gropius, Hannes Meyer, and later Mies van der Rohe. The Bauhaus was renamed and reorganized in 1919 under the new management of Walter Gropius , who succeeded Henry van de Velde , as

4240-425: The mid 20s. The other two big buildings on the site are the production hall and the warehouse. Both were constructed in 1911 and expanded in 1913. The production hall is a one-storey building. It was almost invisible from the railway (north) elevation and acquired a proper facade after the expansion. The warehouse is a four-storey building with few openings. Its design followed the original plan by Werner closely, and it

4320-431: The mission of preserving and communicating the legacy of the Bauhaus and keeping its ideas alive. To this end, it is active, among other things, in the preservation of monuments and in curatorial outreach as well as education and research. The foundation also maintains an in-house collection and research library. The former student quarters on the balcony side of the east wing are rented out for short stays. Furthermore, there

4400-407: The north elevation that faced the railway and Behrens's factory. Work on the expansion started in 1913 and it was barely finished when World War I broke out. During the war it was possible to do only minor works such as the power house and the chimney stack that became a prominent characteristics of the building complex. After the war the work continued with the addition of minor buildings such as

4480-399: The number of orders and a major expansion was decided. This time the contract went directly to Gropius and Meyer and, from now on, they were to be the only architects of the Fagus buildings. The expansion practically doubled the surface of the buildings by adding to the street (south) side. This gave the opportunity to create a proper street elevation. Initially the main elevation was considered

4560-599: The original uniform impression of the development, which is still well preserved despite these alterations. The Anton House in Doppelreihe 35 is largely preserved in its original condition and can be visited as part of a guided tour. The house at Mittelring 38 was faithfully restored beginning in 1992 and is now used by the Moses Mendelssohn Society. The Konsum building (a kind of enclosed department store), designed by Walter Gropius in 1928, became

4640-613: The porter's lodge and the enclosure wall. During that time the architects, in collaboration with teachers and students from the Bauhaus , designed the interiors and furniture of the main building. They also recommended to Benscheidt various designers for the publicity campaign of Fagus. From 1923 to 1925, the architects were also working on a new expansion, but this never took place. It was not until 1927 that Benscheidt wrote to Gropius to explain that all activities should stop until further notice due to financial difficulties. The building that

4720-402: The process, attempts were made to restore the original colour schemes of the interiors, which were based on the colour theory of the Bauhaus. Since each interior's colour scheme corresponded to its occupant, the rooms today feature exemplary colour combinations that only attempt to reflect the state of a room at a particular time. The few existing historical photographs of the interiors show that

4800-475: The renovation of the Masters' Housing Estate. In addition, a settlement with a total of 314 terraced houses (Großring, Mittelring, Kleinring) was built in Törten in what is now Dessau-Süd in 1926/1928. The settlement was also intended to be an example of how the rampant housing shortage of the Weimar Republic could be combated. The living spaces of the houses were accordingly quite small at 57 to 75 m. At

4880-552: The residents of the Masters' Houses adapted the interior design very much to the prevailing zeitgeist of the time, quite the opposite of the exterior appearance. Only Moholy-Nagy furnished his house according to the results, principles and products of the Bauhaus. In the Kandinsky house, one wall has been reconstructed true to the original with gold leaf. Today, the Gropius and Moholy-Nagy Masters' Houses, which were destroyed during

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4960-401: The same time, each house had a generous garden of 350 to 400 m, which was intended to facilitate self-sufficiency. An industrial construction method with mass production of components ensured low costs. The units were sold and not rented out in order to protect the owners from rising rents. Architecturally, the settlement also offered some novelties. In accordance with Gropius' maxim that building

5040-411: The same year. This was achieved in great part and in 1912 Gropius and Meyer were designing the interiors of the main building and secondary smaller buildings on the site. In order to pay the additional costs of Gropius’s design, Benscheidt and his American partners had decided on a smaller building than the one that was actually planned. By winter 1912 it was clear that the factory could not keep up with

5120-482: The south and built from 1929 to 1930 were conceived. They were built under the direction of Hannes Mayer, who was Gropius' successor as director of the Bauhaus. In contrast to the buildings of the original Törten estate, the arcade houses (Laubenganghäuser) are multi-storey apartment buildings with the namesake, external arcade passage (Laubengang), which connects the flat entrances with the stairwell. In accordance with Meyer's slogan "people's needs instead of luxury needs",

5200-678: The successor institution to the Grand-Ducal Saxon Art School founded in 1906 by the Grand Duke of Saxony-Weimar. Walter Gropius, the architect, acted as director from 1919 to 1928. After the relationship with the increasingly right-wing dominated Thuringian state had become progressively more and more strained, the Bauhaus was forced to close down in 1925 due to political pressure. The declaration of closure had already been published in numerous daily newspapers on 29 December 1924. However, it only became legally binding after

5280-541: The then novel functional division of buildings, the most extraordinary feature of the complex, which caused quite a stir in those days, is the glass curtain of the workshop wing. The support columns were set inward to allow for an uninterrupted glass facade to stretch over all three floors as well as the entire length of the building. The impression is one of transparency, lightness and flatness. This novel, transparent monumental design overcame all prevailing ideas of aesthetics. The absence of ornamentation consistently defines

5360-481: The three Masters' Houses, were also destroyed by air raids. Since 1994, the building in Dessau has been the headquarters of the Bauhaus Dessau Foundation , which is committed to "preserving the legacy of the historic Bauhaus and communicating it to the public" and "in light of this legacy, to making contributions to shape today's living environment". Since 1996, the building complex has been on

5440-485: The war, have been rebuilt as abstract reinterpretations of the original architecture at the suggestion of the British architect David Chipperfield under the direction of the Berlin office Bruno-Fioretti-Marquez. The interior walls were designed by conceptual artist Olaf Nicolai with different types of plaster and shades of white, creating a changing impression depending on the incidence of light. The official reopening of

5520-491: The way the speed of modern transportation affects the way architecture is perceived. Gropius had also commented the subject in his writings. According to the historian of architecture Annemarie Jaeggi these thoughts were important in the design of Fagus: "The animated fluctuation in height, the change between horizontal structure and vertical rhythms, heavy closed volumes and light dissolved fabrics, are indicators of an approach that deliberately utilized contrasts while arriving at

5600-484: The wedge between window frame and piers." This description applies only to the main building. Götz note that the other buildings were much simpler and some of them were actually concrete and/or steel constructions. For the first time a complete facade is conceived in glass. The supporting piers are reduced to narrow mullions of brick. The corners are left without any support, yielding an unprecedented sense of openness and continuity between inside and out. The expression of

5680-425: The whole height of the building. However, in the AEG turbine factory the corners are covered by heavy elements that slant inside. The glass surfaces also slant inside and are recessed in relation to the piers. The load-bearing elements are attenuated and the building has an image of stability and monumentality. In the Fagus factory exactly the opposite happens; the corners are left open and the piers are recessed leaving

5760-445: The windows. The large studio windows of the house reflect the trees out in front. These reflections mix with the trees behind the house, rendering these elements nearly invisible or, in a sense, transparent. It is not possible to say whether this effect of lightness or openness was initially intended by the builders, as the tree population at the time is not known in detail. The master houses of Gropius and Moholy-Nagy were destroyed in

5840-535: Was a first attempt to restore the original appearance, in which the destroyed glass curtain wall was reconstructed using a preserved remnant. For ease of maintenance, aluminum was used instead of steel. The Bauhaus was used as an educational center by the Office for Industrial Design , whose director Martin Kelm had been strongly committed to its preservation and reconstruction. The Bauhaus director's house (Burgkühnauer Allee 1–6, now Ebertallee), along with half of one of

5920-450: Was also a source of inspiration for Fagus. Carl Benscheidt (1858–1947) founded the Fagus company in 1910. He had then started by working for Arnold Rikkli, who practised naturopathic medicine , and it was there that he learned about orthopedic shoe lasts . In 1887 Benscheidt was hired by the shoe last manufacturer Carl Behrens as works manager in his factory in Alfeld. After the death of Behrens in 1896, Benscheidt became general manager of

6000-517: Was completed in 2009, the building could once again be viewed almost as it was originally planned and built. Nevertheless, there are differences to the original building structure, which cannot be resolved due to the building's eventful history, modern necessities and considerations of monument preservation. These include, among others: Today, most of the building is used by the Bauhaus Dessau Foundation, founded in 1994, which has

6080-549: Was first mentioned in 1213, and became the capital of a small state ( Anhalt-Dessau ) in the 14th century. Between 1863 and 1918, it was the capital of Anhalt . Since the second half of the 19th century, Dessau has been an industrial town. With the famous art and architecture school Bauhaus , located in Dessau between 1925 and 1932, and the Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm , the town features two UNESCO World Heritage Sites . The town could be referred to as one of

6160-424: Was first mentioned in 1215. Before it merged with Dessau, it was part of the district Anhalt-Zerbst . The current mayor of Magdeburg is independent politician Robert Reck since 2021. The most recent mayoral election was held on 6 June 2021, with a runoff held on 27 June, and the results were as follows: The most recent city council election was held on 9 June 2024, and the results were as follows: Dessau-Roßlau

6240-474: Was organized according to function . The purpose of the building determined its form; its aesthetics resulted from its functionality. The facade design also foreshadowed its later usage. The revolutionary steel skeleton construction - load-bearing steel elements with brick infill covered by a flat roof - made it possible to forego structural reinforcement of the building corners. These "open corners" were supplemented with windows and balconies that wrapped around

6320-435: Was subordinate to the respective district authorities. Its goal was to develop the "ideological-political orientation" of the participants. In 1945 the building partially burned down after the heavy air raid on Dessau, and the glass facade of the workshop wing was also damaged. It was rebuilt in a simplified manner (the glass curtain wall was not reconstructed) and used as a vocational school, among other things. In 1976 there

6400-410: Was used for the basement walls, an unfortunate blend unable to support great individual loads. From the basement upward, the building rose in plain brickwork with reinforced wood floors. The ceilings were underpinned with a formwork shell and finished in rough-cast plaster on the services installation side. The floors were composed of planks on loose sleepers – that is, sleepers that were not fixed between

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