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42-529: Bayi may refer to these articles: Chinese [ edit ] Bāyī (八一, lit. eight-one , which means "August 1"), refers to the anniversary of the Nanchang Uprising , which is considered as the founding of the People's Liberation Army, and thus a common name used by entities in the People's Republic of China: August First Film Studio Bayi Kylin ,

84-635: A Women's Chinese Basketball Association team Bayi Football Team , a men's association football team Bayi Rockets , a men's Chinese Basketball Association team Bayi Shenzhen , women's volleyball team Bayi Square , in Nanchang, Jiangxi Bayi Xiangtan , a women's association football team Bayi, Nyingchi County , a town in Tibet Bayi District , a District of Nyingchi in the Tibet Bayi Subdistrict ,

126-598: A counterattack from the Nationalists, the Communists decided to retreat south towards the province of Guangdong . Once there they would try to take over the city of Guangzhou while spreading their influence to the peasants and farms in that area. Guangzhou was the target set by the Soviet Comintern and, on August 3, Communist troops pulled out of Nanchang. Their Little Long March came to an end at

168-411: A force under Mao Zedong , whose abortive Autumn Harvest Uprising had been no more successful. The Communist forces had suffered such a decisive and disastrous defeat that only 1,000 soldiers remained as a complete unit, reforming into a regiment. Under the command of Zhu De and Chen Yi , who had faked their names, the regiment went to a local Hunan warlord and sought refuge. From this humble beginning

210-623: A number of civilian and military positions after the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949. In 1955, his contributions to the victory of the Chinese Communist Party were recognized when he was named one of the Ten Marshals , and he served as China's vice premier . He did not support Mao Zedong's attempts to purge Peng Dehuai in 1959 and attempted to rehabilitate Peng. After the Cultural Revolution

252-713: A number of civilian positions. He was made Vice Premier . He headed the National Sports Commission , and in that role facilitated sports exchanges with the Soviet Union and the eastern European countries. He was one of the most well-traveled members of the CCP elite, and led numerous delegations abroad, meeting with leaders of other Asian countries, the Soviet Union , and East Germany . After Mao Zedong purged Peng Dehuai in 1959, Mao appointed He to

294-731: A reputation as a " Robin Hood -like figure". His signature weapon was a butcher knife. Around 1918 He raised a volunteer revolutionary army that was aligned with a local Hunan warlord, and in 1920, his personal army joined the National Revolutionary Army . In 1923 He was promoted to command the Nationalist Twentieth Army. In 1925 He ran a school for training Kuomintang soldiers. While running this school, He became close with some of his students who were also Chinese Communist Party (CCP) members. During

336-535: A subdistrict in Tibet and seat of Bayi District Nanchang Bayi , a men's soccer team August 1st (aerobatic team) , also called the Bayi Aerobatics Team People [ edit ] Saw Bayi , Aung San Thuriya Medal winner Sethu Lakshmi Bayi (1895–1985), ruler of Travancore Filbert Bayi (born 1953), Tanzanian middle-distance runner Others [ edit ] Bəyi ,

378-743: A village and municipality in the Kurdamir Rayon of Azerbaijan Bayi people , a tribe in China Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Bayi . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bayi&oldid=1123586094 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description

420-729: A year after forces associated with Mao Zedong and Zhu De were forced to do so. He met with forces led by Zhang Guotao , but he disagreed with Zhang about the strategy of the Red Army and led his forces to join and support Mao. After settling and establishing a headquarters in Shaanxi , He led guerrilla forces in Northwest China in both the Chinese Civil War and the Second Sino-Japanese War , and

462-405: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Nanchang Uprising The Kuomintang (KMT) left wing established a "Revolutionary Committee" at Nanchang to plant the spark that was expected to ignite a widespread peasant uprising. Deng Yanda , Song Qingling and Zhang Fakui (listed nominally, who later crushed the uprising) were among

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504-523: Is the order of battle for the Communist forces: On the morning of 1 August 1927, at exactly 2:00 a.m., Zhou Enlai, He Long, Nie Rongzhen , Ye Ting, Ye Jianying , Lin Biao , Zhu De, Chen Yi and Liu Bocheng led their troops and attacked the city of Nanchang from different directions. Four hours later they took the city, capturing 5,000 small arms and around 1,000,000 rounds of ammunition. Facing

546-550: The Fourth Encirclement Campaign . He's forces abandoned their bases, moved southwest, and established a new base in northeast Guizhou in mid-1933. In 1934 Ren Bishi joined He in Guizhou with his own surviving forces after also being forced to abandon his soviet in another Encirclement Campaign. Ren and He merged forces, with He becoming the military commander and Ren becoming the commissar. He joined

588-672: The Jinggang Mountains of western Jiangxi . 1 August 1927 was later regarded as the anniversary of the founding of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and the first action fought against the Kuomintang and the National Revolutionary Army (NRA). Communist forces at their peak during the Nanchang Uprising totaled over 20,000, though some of them did not join the battle until a day later. The entire Communist force

630-747: The Kuomintang , but failed. After the failure of the Nanchang Uprising, He turned down an offer by the CCP Central Committee to study in Russia and returned to Hunan, where he raised a new force in 1930. His force controlled a broad area of the countryside in the Hunan-Hubei border region, around the area of Lake Hong , and organized this area into a rural soviet. In mid-1932 Kuomintang forces targeted He's soviet as part of

672-694: The Long March in November 1935, over a year after forces led by Zhu De and Mao Zedong were forced to evacuate their own soviet in Jiangxi . He's ability to resist the Kuomintang was partially due to his position on the periphery of Communist-controlled territory. While on the Long March He's forces met Communist forces led by Zhang Guotao in June 1936, but both He and Ren disagreed with Zhang about

714-469: The Northern Expedition . He rebelled against the Kuomintang after Chiang Kai-shek began violently suppressing Communists , when he planned and led the unsuccessful Nanchang Uprising . After escaping, he organized a soviet in rural Hunan (and later Guizhou ), but was forced to abandon his bases when pressured by Chiang's Encirclement Campaigns . He joined the Long March in 1935, over

756-620: The "biggest bandit". He was the second highest-ranking member of the Military Affairs Commission at the time that he was purged, and the method in which he and those close to him were purged set the pattern for multiple later purges of the PLA leadership throughout the Cultural Revolution. After being purged, He was placed under indefinite house arrest for the last two and a half years of his life. He described

798-611: The 1926 Northern Expedition , He commanded the 1st Division, 9th Corps of the National Revolutionary Army. He served under Zhang Fakui during the Northern Expedition. In late 1926 He joined the CCP. In 1927, after the collapse of Wang Jingwei 's leftist Kuomintang government in Wuhan and Chiang Kai-shek's suppression of communists , He left the Kuomintang and joined the Communists, commanding

840-471: The 20th Corps, 1st Column of the Red Army. He and Zhu De planned and led the main force of the Nanchang Uprising in 1927. In the Nanchang Uprising He and Zhu led a combined force of 24,000 men and attempted to seize the city of Nanchang , but they were not able to secure it against the inevitable Kuomintang attempt to retake the city. The campaign suffered from logistical difficulties, and

882-540: The Japanese surrender, the command of He's forces was transferred to Peng Dehuai , which operated as the "Northwest Field Army". He became Peng's second-in-command, but spent most of the rest of the Chinese Civil War in central CCP headquarters, in and around Yan'an . After the Japanese surrender, in 1945, He was elected to the CCP Central Committee , and his influence rose within both the military and

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924-580: The Nationalists, with less than three dozen members surviving. It would take a year for He Long's force to recover for the third time. [REDACTED] Communist Party / [REDACTED] Soviet Republic ( [REDACTED] Red Army ) → Liberated Area ( [REDACTED] 8th Route Army , New Fourth Army , etc. → [REDACTED] People's Liberation Army ) → [REDACTED]   People's Republic of China He Long He Long ( simplified Chinese : 贺龙 ; traditional Chinese : 賀龍 ; pinyin : Hè Lóng ; March 22, 1896 – June 9, 1969)

966-509: The beginning of October, as they came down out of the Hakka uplands and into the Chaoshan area. In Chaozhou they were defeated by Nationalist-affiliated troops. Communist forces were broken up and traveled in two general directions, one heading to Shanwei where they engaged the Nationalists in guerrilla warfare under Peng Pai , and the other to southern Hunan , where they eventually joined

1008-623: The communist political system. Near the end of the Chinese Civil War He was promoted to command the First Field Army , which was active in Southwest China . After the Communists won the civil war in 1949, He spent most of the 1950s in both civilian and military roles in the southwest. He's military accomplishments were recognized when he was promoted to being one of the Ten Marshals in 1955, and he served in

1050-649: The communists suffered 50% casualties in the two months of fighting. Most of He's soldiers who survived surrendered, deserted, and/or rejoined the KMT. Only 2,000 survivors eventually returned to fight for the Communists in 1928, when Zhu reformed his forces in Hunan. After his forces were defeated, He fled to Lufeng, Guangdong . He spent some time in Hong Kong , but was later sent by the CCP to Shanghai , then to Wuhan. Chiang Kai-shek continuously tried to persuade him rejoin

1092-403: The conditions of his imprisonment as a period of slow torture, in which his captors "intended to destroy my health so that they can murder me without spilling my blood". During the years that he was imprisoned, his captors restricted his access to water, cut off his house's heat during the winter, and refused him access to medicine to treat his diabetes. He died in 1969 after being hospitalized for

1134-404: The defeat. Other surviving members were much less fortunate; all became fugitives. Zhou Enlai, Ye Jianying and Ye Ting lost contact with the others and fled to British Hong Kong , with Zhou seriously ill. The three had two pistols with them and were successful in reaching Hong Kong. Nie Rongzhen, the other communist leader, also successfully escaped to Hong Kong. He Long had strongly opposed

1176-715: The direction of the Long March, and He eventually led his forces into Shaanxi to join Mao Zedong by the end of 1936. In 1937 He settled his troops in northwestern Shaanxi and established a new headquarters there. Because the Second Army of the Chinese Red Army under He Long's command was one of the few Communist forces to arrive in Yan'an mostly intact, his force was able to assume the responsibility of protecting

1218-441: The end of World War II He commanded a force of approximately 175,000 troops across northwestern China. He's most notable subordinates included Zhang Zongxun , Xu Guangda , and Peng Shaohui . He was successful in expanding Communist base areas throughout the period of World War II. Part of He's success was due to the social confusion caused by Japan's Ichi-Go offensive in the areas of China that Japanese operations effected. He

1260-427: The enlistment of the local populace. However, his suggestion was vetoed. He Long went home alone after the defeat. Demoted from his position as an army commander in charge of tens of thousands of men to that of a beggar, he was not well received by his family except for a few who were already Communists. He would soon raise another force of Communist soldiers, this time more than 3000 strong, but it would be wiped out by

1302-557: The force eventually grew to 10,000 strong, traveling to Jiangxi and joining Mao Zedong at Jinggangshan in April 1928. Liu Bocheng became a fugitive but was lucky enough to find other Communists who helped him and eventually sent him to the Soviet Union for military training, while Lin Biao deserted after the defeat. However, he had to return to the Communist force because of his fear that locals hostile to his side would turn him over to his enemies or kill him. Guo Moruo fled to Japan after

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1344-402: The head of an office to investigate Peng's past and find reasons to criticize Peng. He accepted the position but was sympathetic to Peng, and stalled for over a year before submitting his report. Mao's prestige weakened when it became widely known that Mao's Great Leap Forward had been a disaster, and He eventually presented a report that was positive, and which attempted to vindicate Peng. Peng

1386-651: The new capital after their arrival. When the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army in 1937, He was placed in command of the 120th Division. From late 1938 to 1940 He fought both the Japanese army and Kuomintang-affiliated guerrillas in Hubei . He's responsibilities increased during the Second Sino-Japanese War , and in 1943 he was promoted to be the overall commander of Communist forces in Shanxi , Shaanxi, Gansu , Ningxia , and Inner Mongolia . By

1428-484: The political leaders. Military forces in Nanchang under the leadership of He Long and Zhou Enlai rebelled in an attempt to seize control of the city after the end of the first Kuomintang-Communist alliance . Other important leaders in this event were Zhu De , Ye Ting , and Liu Bocheng . Communist forces successfully occupied Nanchang and escaped from the siege of Kuomintang forces by 5 August, withdrawing to

1470-580: The retreat plan, accurately pointing out that marching 1000 miles in the heat of summer would put a severe strain on the troops, and that popular support for the Communists in Guangdong was merely a fraction of the huge support they had among the peasantry in Hunan . His opinion was that the new Communist base should be established in the border region of Hunan , suggesting that in Hunan the Communist troops would be easily resupplied and their numbers increased by

1512-423: Was a Chinese Communist revolutionary and a Marshal of the People's Republic of China . He was from a poor rural family in Hunan, and his family was not able to provide him with any formal education. He began his revolutionary career after avenging the death of his uncle, when he fled to become an outlaw and attracted a small personal army around him. Later his forces joined the Kuomintang , and he participated in

1554-519: Was a member of the Gelaohui (Elder Brother Society), a secret society dating back to the early Qing dynasty. A cowherd during his youth, he received no formal education. When He was 20 he killed a local government tax assessor who had killed his uncle for defaulting on his taxes. He then fled and became an outlaw, giving rise to the legend that he began his revolutionary career with just two kitchen knives. After beginning his life as an outlaw he gained

1596-518: Was declared in 1966, he was one of the first leaders of the PLA to be purged. He died in 1969 when a glucose injection provided by his jailers complicated his untreated diabetes. He Long was a member of the Tujia ethnic group. Born in the Sangzhi , Hunan , he and his siblings, including He Ying , grew up in a poor peasant household, despite his father being a minor Qing military officer. His father

1638-406: Was frequently able to expand Communist areas of operation by allying with local, independent guerrilla forces who were also fighting the Japanese. He's experience fighting the Kuomintang and the Japanese led him to question Mao's unconditional emphasis on the importance of ideological guerrilla warfare at the expense of conventional tactics and military organization. In October 1945, one month after

1680-471: Was generally successful in expanding areas of Communist control. He commanded a force of 170,000 troops forces by the end of 1945, when his force was placed under the command of Peng Dehuai and He became Peng's second-in-command. He was placed in control of Southwest China in the late 1940s, and spent most of the 1950s in the Southwest administering the region in both civilian and military roles. He held

1722-480: Was organized into the 2nd Front Army, and over half of it was under He Long 's command. He was also named Commander-in-Chief of the 2nd Front Army, and Ye Ting as deputy Commander-in-Chief and acting front-line Commander-in-Chief. Communist representative was Zhou Enlai , chief of staff was Liu Bocheng and Director of the Political Directorate of the 2nd Front Army was Guo Moruo . The following

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1764-702: Was partially rehabilitated in 1965, but then purged again at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution 1966. He long was accused of a mutiny in feb 1964, after a Soviet Union trip with Zhou Enlai. The Soviet were unhappy, with China direction. Cultural revolution followed soon after, to purged communist and rightist leanings in China. Jiang Qing denounced He in December 1966 of being a "rightist" and of intra-CCP factionalism. Following Jiang's accusations He and his supporters were branded an anti-CCP element and quickly purged. He's persecutors singled him out by labeling him

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