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52-770: The storyline brothers Axl and Ian Rotten first started to team as the Bad Breed in the Global Wrestling Federation (GWF) in 1992. On January 29, 1993 Axl and Ian defeated the Texas Mustangs ( Bobby Duncum, Jr. and John Hawk aka. JBL) to win the GWF Tag Team Championship . Their run with the GWF gold did not last long as they were defeated less than a month later by The Ebony Experience ( Booker T and Stevie Ray ), and they left

104-579: A Taipei Death match . Axl and Ian Rotten would reunite in 2002 where the duo won the IWA Mid-South Tag Team Championship on March 2, but Axl would not be around long enough to see the team lose the belts, which forced Necro Butcher to team with Ian as they lost the titles on April 5. The Bad Breed reunited at Hardcore Homecoming on June 10, 2005, when they took on the reunion of The Gangstinators in an "ECW fight" (an un-sanctioned match where there are no rules, only

156-426: A " psychiatrist " for the wrestlers who was actually Dr. Allan Saxe , a political science professor at the nearby University of Texas at Arlington . One angle at that time included the world's first "Bungee" match in which Steven Dane wrestled against Chaz Taylor 150 feet in the air in a cage. The winner was Chaz Taylor who knocked Steven Dane out of the cage. After the match, "Maniac" Mike Davis attached himself to

208-675: A brief foray into a more news-style program in 1957 and then reverting that same year, it has remained a talk show. Ireland's The Late Late Show is the second-longest running talk show in television history, and the longest running talk show in Europe, having debuted in 1962. Steve Allen was the first host of The Tonight Show , which began as a local New York show, being picked up by the NBC network in 1954. It in turn had evolved from his late-night radio talk show in Los Angeles. Allen pioneered

260-781: A fight until there is one man or team standing). On the heels of their success at Hardcore Homecoming , Bad Breed once again teamed up in IWA Mid-South to win the IWA Mid-South tag team title from Vito and Sal Thomaselli, but were forced to vacate the titles when Ian suffered a concussion and had to take time off. Global Wrestling Federation Global Wrestling Federation was an American professional wrestling promotion based in Dallas , Texas. It started in June 1991 and folded in September 1994. At one time its shows were presented on

312-831: A memorial tribute card was held at the Dallas Sportatorium, featuring many former World Class wrestlers, referees and other officials. In that card, the main event was the official last match between the Freebirds and the Von Erichs. Kevin Von Erich and Chris Adams (who wore Kerry's ring jacket in his memory) faced Michael Hayes and Buddy Roberts , with Skandor Akbar in Hayes and Roberts' corner, and Fritz Von Erich in Chris and Kevin's corner (his last appearance in

364-603: A memorial wrestling card was held in memory of Kerry Von Erich , who committed suicide on February 18. Von Erich was to have faced the Angel of Death, David Sheldon, that day. Instead, a memorial service was held at the Sportatorium prior to the matches, with former World Class announcer Marc Lowrance making a special appearance to pay his tributes to Kerry (Lowrance was the ring announcer who called Von Erich's NWA World title victory over Ric Flair in 1984). The following April,

416-503: A more universally appealing "interview" or "lifestyle TV" format. Talk shows have more recently started to appear on Internet radio. Also, several Internet blogs are in talk show format including the Baugh Experience. The current world record for the longest talk show is held by Rabi Lamichhane from Nepal by staying on air for 62 hours from April 11 to 13, 2013 breaking the previous record set by two Ukrainians by airing

468-582: A panel made up of different freelance comedians and celebrities each program, although the program is generally hosted by the same compere . Talk shows evolved in tandem with the Japanese variety show and it is very common for talk shows to borrow variety elements, typically by having celebrity guests attempt some kind of amusingly incongruous activity. Often, one of the guests will be a gaijin tarento (foreign talent) in order to provide comedy or to comment on matters related to Western culture. Comedic material

520-559: A professional wrestling match). The match ended with Kevin applying the claw on Roberts for the win, while Fritz applied the iron claw on Skandor Akbar. Adams meanwhile was ganged up by Hayes and Rod Price when David Sheldon came in to save Adams. Sid Vicious and Booker T also competed on the memorial card. The Ultimate Warrior , who competed in Dallas as The Dingo Warrior , was scheduled to wrestle, but no-showed. Bill Mercer , Marc Lowrance , David Manning and Bronco Lubich were among

572-428: A talk show entitled Small World in the late 1950s and since then, political TV talk shows have predominantly aired on Sunday mornings . Syndicated daily talk shows began to gain more popularity during the mid-1970s and reached their height of popularity with the rise of the tabloid talk show . Morning talk shows gradually replaced earlier forms of programming — there were a plethora of morning game shows during

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624-616: Is commonly written and rehearsed before tapings with or without a live audience . Korean and Taiwanese talk shows have used the panel format similar to Japanese programs and rely on famous celebrities and comedic banter than topics. Their programs often shorten interviews from lengthy tapings. Rabi Lamichhane from Nepal previously held the Guinness World Record for longest talk show, continuously broadcasting for 62 hours in April 2013. In Brazil , Jô Soares inaugurated

676-483: The ESPN television network. Often the promotion provided programming five days a week, airing at 4 p.m. Eastern. The GWF was the last pro wrestling promotion to be seen on ESPN regularly. Beginning in the mid-1990s, the network began to emphasize talk shows in the mid-afternoon hours, supplanting pro wrestling. It was announced that ESPN Classic would start showing re-runs on August 5, 2013. Episodes are available on

728-600: The United States . Breakfast television is a staple of British television . The daytime talk format has become popular in Latin America as well as the United States. These genres also do not represent "generic" talk show genres. "Generic" genres are categorized based on the audiences' social views of talks shows derived through their cultural identities, fondness, preferences and character judgements of

780-630: The WWE Network . Max Andrews and Joe Pedicino were the original GWF promoters. The kayfabe reason for the promotion creation established on the first episode of GWF of ESPN noted that the promotion was the USWA becoming “globalized” putting over talent such as the British Axl Rotten and Rasta the “Voodoo Man.” The organization was a mix of established names and newcomers, many of whom would launch their national careers after appearances on

832-669: The 1960s and early to mid-1970s, and some stations formerly showed a morning movie in the time slot that many talk shows now occupy. Current late night talk shows such as The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon , Conan and The Late Show with Stephen Colbert have aired featuring celebrity guests and comedy sketches. Syndicated daily talk shows range from tabloid talk shows , such as Jerry Springer and Maury , to celebrity interview shows, like Live with Kelly and Ryan , Tamron Hall , Sherri , Steve Wilkos , The Jennifer Hudson Show and The Kelly Clarkson Show , to industry leader The Oprah Winfrey Show , which popularized

884-496: The Dallas audience to see the matches live on Friday night and view them 24 hours later on the local Dallas station. The local attendance rose from a low of 94 people to a packed house of over 5,000 within 6 weeks. In 1992, the Global Wrestling Federation was sued by then World Wrestling Federation (WWF), because they felt the use of the word "Global" was too close to the word "World." In February 1993,

936-526: The ECW Tag Team Title, but throughout the feud Bad Breed was never able to defeat Public Enemy for the gold. After feuding with Public Enemy the Rottens next targeted The Pitbulls , this feud led to the two teams facing off at November to Remember in a match where the losing team was forced to split up. Bad Breed lost when Pittbull #2 pinned Ian. Since the brothers both blamed each other for

988-485: The GWF North American title twice, defeating King Parsons on December 25, 1993; then beating Rod Price on July 1, 1994, to regain the title he lost three months earlier to Price. It would be Adams' last championship glory, as he would never win another major title again. In 1994, however, the company would fold. Their last show aired on September 25. After the GWF folded, promoter Jim Crockett Jr. brought

1040-463: The GWF paid tribute to Kerry again in a month-long series of past matches Kerry was involved in, including some from World Class. Chris Adams not only played big part in GWF he was also in WCCW as a performer and a trainer. His most known student now a WWE Hall of Famer Stone Cold Steve Austin. There was many others he trained over the years two in particular was a masked tag team that looked identical and

1092-495: The NWA back to the Sportatorium for a tenure lasting less than a year. After several other attempts to keep wrestling going, the Sportatorium was demolished in 2003. ESPN still holds the rights to the GWF library and airs episodes on ESPN Classic . The WWE Video Library also gained access to GWF content in 2013. Talk show A talk show is a television programming , radio programming or podcast genre structured around

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1144-719: The Winner Barry Horowitz (a character created by Gilbert and announcer Craig Johnson.) Booker T and Stevie Ray also wrestled in the promotion as did the Lightning Kid (later known as the 1-2-3 Kid, Syxx, and X-Pac in WCW and WWE) The GWF began airing weekly shows in the local Dallas and Fort Worth metroplex television market from the Dallas Sportatorium , which was billed for a short time as The GlobalDome . Although their main weekly show's name

1196-413: The act of spontaneous conversation . A talk show is distinguished from other television programs by certain common attributes. In a talk show, one person (or group of people or guests) discusses various topics put forth by a talk show host . This discussion can be in the form of an interview or a simple conversation about important social, political or religious issues and events. The personality of

1248-458: The announcer's table and in his place was "The Expert" Bruce Prichard (Brother Love of WWF/WWE). In one storyline, Prichard and Horton argued in an expletive filled exchange only to reveal that Prichard was orchestrating many of the nefarious activities of the heels. The Cartel was the first stable formed in the GWF and was the top heel stable in 1991. It consisted of Cactus Jack , Scotty Anthony , Rip Rogers and Makhan Singh . They feuded with

1300-541: The belt and not being recognized as such by the GWF. In the wake of this temporary fold, the promotional rights to the GWF were purchased by Northstar Promotions, which was formed by Grey Pierson, Robert Keeler, and Wayne Whitworth. Soon after, many former World Class Championship Wrestling stars began appearing, including Chris Adams, Kerry Von Erich and Iceman Parsons, among others. Doyle King, David Webb, and other guest announcers (including former World Class announcers Bill Mercer and Marc Lowrance ) were brought in as

1352-558: The bungee cord and was launched into the night sky. When he landed back on the ground, he claimed he had launched himself to the Moon and had returned to Earth with a "Moon rock." Another angle in which announcer David Webb, having "amnesia" following an attack by Manny Fernandez , believed that he was Elvis Presley (who performed at the Sportatorium in the late-1950s during the Big D Jamboree days). Another storyline involved Cecil Fielder , who

1404-599: The daily ESPN show. The original stars included the Patriot ( Del Wilkes ), Scott Levy ( Raven of ECW , WCW , WWE and TNA ), the Handsome Stranger ( Marcus Bagwell of WCW) and Cactus Jack . In late 1991, "Hot Stuff" Eddie Gilbert entered the promotion and took over much of the creative direction of the show introducing The Dark Patriot (an evil version of the Patriot played by his brother, Doug Gilbert ), John Hawk ( John Bradshaw Layfield ), Jerry Lynn , and

1456-535: The day via different avenues. Beyond the inclusion of a host, a guest(s), and a studio or call-in audience, specific attributes of talk shows may be identified: There are several major formats of talk shows. Generally, each subgenre predominates during a specific programming block during the broadcast day. These formats are not absolute; some afternoon programs have similar structures to late-night talk shows. These formats may vary across different countries or markets. Late night talk shows are especially significant in

1508-466: The earliest days of the medium. Joe Franklin , an American radio and television personality, hosted the first television talk show. The show began in 1951 on WJZ-TV (later WABC-TV ) and moved to WOR-TV (later WWOR-TV ) from 1962 to 1993. NBC's The Tonight Show is the world's longest-running talk show; having debuted in 1954, it continues to this day. The show underwent some minor title changes until settling on its current title in 1962, and despite

1560-534: The federation centered mostly on Adams, who again ran his wrestling school and was working a feud with both Price and Iceman Parsons; as well as assist in booking various matches. During one 1993 match, Adams accidentally tore the hair weave off the hair of Price, resulting in stitches on his head. Chris' former second wife Toni Adams , whom he brought in to the storyline, was also involved, siding with Price and Parsons; and during one match, she attempted to rub Freebird Hair Cream into Chris' eyes. The former couple also

1612-421: The format of late night network TV talk shows, originating such talk show staples as an opening monologue, celebrity interviews, audience participation, and comedy bits in which cameras were taken outside the studio, as well as music, although the series' popularity was cemented by second host Jack Paar , who took over after Allen had left and the show had ceased to exist. TV news pioneer Edward R. Murrow hosted

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1664-421: The former genre and has been evolving towards the latter. On November 10, 2010, Oprah Winfrey invited several of the most prominent American talk show hosts - Phil Donahue , Sally Jessy Raphael , Geraldo Rivera , Ricki Lake , and Montel Williams - to join her as guests on her show. The 1990s in particular saw a spike in the number of "tabloid" talk shows, most of which were short-lived and are now replaced by

1716-401: The four main television stations. Due to language and cultural differences, Japanese TV stations could not freely use syndicated programs (mostly from Europe and North America) and therefore turned to panel shows , which could be produced cheaply and easily, to fill time during daytime programming. Japanese panel shows are distinct in generally not employing regular panelists but instead having

1768-432: The genre with Jô Soares Onze e Meia ("Jô Soares Eleven Thirty") from 1988 to 1999 on SBT . In 2000, Soares took his show's format to TV Globo , where it was then called Programa do Jô , and was broadcast until 2016. Jô's main competitors at the time were Danilo Gentili and Fábio Porchat . In 1999, Speak Up , hosted by Ma Dong , son of the famous Chinese comedian Ma Ji , was born as an early talk show "chatting" about

1820-402: The host shapes the tone and style of the show. A common feature or unwritten rule of talk shows is to be based on "fresh talk", which is talk that is spontaneous or has the appearance of spontaneity. The history of the talk show spans back from the 1950s to the present. Talk shows can also have several different subgenres, which all have unique material and can air at different times of

1872-792: The interaction of viewers created difficult moments and awkward silences to hosts who usually used audience responses to transition conversations. Tetsuko's Room ( 徹子の部屋 , Tetsuko no Heya ) is a talk show hosted by Tetsuko Kuroyanagi and broadcast on TV Asahi from February 2, 1976, every Monday to Friday from 13:00 to 13:30 ( JST ). It is a long-lived program, and as of 2022, it has been broadcast for 47 years and more than 11,000 times, repeatedly winning Guinness World Records . Other talk shows include Nichiyō Tōron (1994 onwards), Ametalk! (2003 onwards) and Takeda Tetsuya no Shōwa wa kagayaiteita (2013 onwards). In Japan , panel shows called tōku bangumi (トーク番組) are very commonplace, accounting for about 30% of daytime and prime-time programming on

1924-562: The loss, they began a feud against one another after teaming together for two years. The first match between the two "brothers" was at Double Tables on February 4, 1995 which Ian won. They next clashed in a “Hair vs Hair” match on the April 8 show Three Way Dance . After being shaved bald Ian came looking for revenge at Hostile City Showdown 1995 only a week later, this time in a “Barbedwire Baseball Bat” match, but once again Axl beat his “brother”. Their final match took place at Hardcore Heaven in

1976-522: The many WCCW officials and personalities who appeared on the memorial card. Manning officiated Kerry's 1984 NWA World title-clinching match against Ric Flair at Texas Stadium nearly 9 years earlier. Proceeds of this card went to a trust fund established for Kerry's daughters Hollie Adkisson and Lacey Adkisson (who is now a model and third-generation pro wrestler known for her time in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ). In 1994,

2028-528: The only subject of American talk shows, however. Other radio talk show subjects include Car Talk hosted by NPR and Coast to Coast AM hosted by Art Bell and George Noory which discusses topics of the paranormal , conspiracy theories , and fringe science . Sports talk shows are also very popular ranging from high-budget shows like The Best Damn Sports Show Period to Max Kellerman 's original public-access television cable TV show Max on Boxing . Talk shows have been broadcast on television since

2080-585: The promotion soon after. In October that same year the Rotten ”Brothers” made their debut for a relatively new promotion in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania then known as Eastern Championship Wrestling (ECW) at the event NWA Bloodfest . In their debut they defeated the makeshift team of Chad Austin and Todd Shawn at NWA Bloodfest on October 1, but lost to Badd Company ( Pat Tanaka and Paul Diamond ) less than two hours later. The next night they main evented

2132-603: The show became more of a theatrical presentation. Mercer, a veteran of Sportatorium wrestling since the 1950s, hosted a weekly segment on many memorable events that took place in the venerable Dallas arena. In late 1991, shortly after the Bungee Match, Keeler and Whitworth left Northstar and Pierson took the reins. The local television shows boasted that it was also being aired over a fictitious global television network as Northstar introduced many interesting and bizarre characters. In one of its more interesting angles, GWF hired

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2184-399: The show for 52 hours in 2011. In 2020, the fear of the spread of the coronavirus led to large changes in the operation of talk shows, with many being filmed without live audiences to ensure adherence to the rules of social distancing . The inclusion of a live, participating audience is one of the attributes that contribute to the defining characteristics of talk shows. Operating without

2236-504: The show in a loss to Public Enemy in a "Three Way Steel Cage Match" (third team was Badd Company). A few weeks later Bad Breed unsuccessfully challenged for the ECW Tag Team Championship as they lost to champions Tony Stetson and Johnny Hotbody . Bad Breed gained a measure of revenge by defeating Stetson and Hotbody on November 12 in a non-title match. In June 1994, Bad Breed started a feud with Public Enemy over

2288-781: The sport. Following a massive cutback of budget, Pedicino and Johnson left the promotion. Due to a pay dispute, booker Eddie Gilbert and his brother Doug (working under a mask as the Dark Patriot), left the GWF in 1992. Eddie Gilbert took with him the GWF North American Heavyweight Championship belt. He made a few defenses of the title in the United States Wrestling Association as the GWF World Heavyweight champion, despite being stripped of

2340-450: The stable disbanded. The original GWF was notable for many of its wrestling broadcast innovations, most importantly, the acknowledgement of other promotions within the broadcast (including past promotions such as World Class Championship Wrestling). Competitors' former championships were mentioned, as were departures of wrestlers to other promotions. The promotion also aired behind-the-scenes footage and news segments with features from around

2392-487: The subgenres, a further distinction of genres would better represent and target the audience. Talk-radio host Howard Stern also hosted a talk show that was syndicated nationally in the US, then moved to satellite radio's Sirius . The tabloid talk show genre, pioneered by Phil Donahue in 1967 but popularized by Oprah Winfrey , was extremely popular during the last two decades of the 20th century. Politics are hardly

2444-522: The talk shows in question. The subgenres listed above are based on television programming and broadly defined based on the TV guide rather than on the more specific categorizations of talk show viewers. However, there is a lack of research on "generic" genres, making it difficult to list them here. According to Mittell, "generic" genres is of significant importance in further identifying talk show genres because with such differentiation in cultural preferences within

2496-508: The top baby-faces at the time in Steve Simpson , Chris Walker and the Patriot . They never won any titles but their presence was always felt at each event. Rogers was the spokesperson for the group and did most of their interviews, but Foley and Levy were allowed to shine occasionally on the mic. They talked of having a "boss" but would not name him. After a few months of this, they named the boss as GWF Commissioner Max Andrews and then

2548-498: Was Major League Wrestling (not to be confused with the future promotion of the same name ), as it was often referred to as, the GWF had also used other names for it, such as Supercard (also used by the USWA at one point) and Main Events . The promotion's announcers were Jon Horton (as Craig Johnson), Scott Hudson, Steven Prazak (as "Steven DeTruth"), and Joe Pedicino, with Boni Blackstone as ringside interviewer. Scott Hudson left

2600-447: Was billed as the first two sport athlete in baseball and wrestling. He didn't wrestle, he was "observing" other wrestlers. The GWF was shown weekdays on ESPN as well as a one-hour weekly syndicated show presented in 130 markets. One of the main reasons Northstar was successful was the separately edited and broadcast weekly syndicated show for the Dallas market which eliminated the two-week lag time between taping and airing. This allowed

2652-400: Was only known as Unknown Wrestler 1 & 2. One of the two was hurt in the ring ending his wrestling career late in 91 and the other quit not long after never revealing their identities. Chris had commented about the injured wrestler, saying that it's a great loss to the wrestling world, and that the young man had more heart and love for the business than he as seen in a long time. Afterwards,

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2704-516: Was wrestling in Memphis' United States Wrestling Association promotion, where Toni was billed as Nanny Simpson. Chris and Toni's son Chris Jr., then about 5, also made a few appearances in the ring. A renewed feud between Adams and Jimmy Garvin took place, but the closing of the GWF on September 21, 1994, ended any prospects of a long angle between the two former rivals, and Garvin retired shortly thereafter. Despite all of these angles, Adams won

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