Misplaced Pages

#207792

74-696: The Badass Teachers Association (BAT) is an American education activist organization. BAT was founded on June 14, 2013 by Priscilla Sanstead and Mark D. Naison . Mark Naison left BAT in April 2014. The BAT mission statement says that the organization was created to give voice to every teacher who refuses to be blamed for the failure of society to erase poverty and inequality through education. According to BAT, its members refuse to accept assessments, tests and evaluations created and imposed by so-called corporate-driven entities that have contempt for authentic teaching and learning. The BAT goals are to reduce or eliminate

148-612: A Twitter feed with over 23,000 followers, a website , a blog , Facebook groups in every state, International Facebook groups for teachers, and special interest Facebook groups where members can go and "chat" about their special areas of expertise in education. BAT began as a Facebook group, but its current purpose is to organize education activism around the nation. BAT members present on panels at conferences, write op-eds that appear in local, national, and state news outlets, and organize protests/events. BAT has held two summer events to protest US Department of Education policies, and held

222-542: A Teachers Congress in 2015. Some commentators have stated that BAT is "left leaning" organization in its political messaging. In 2014/2015 The Badass Teachers Association teamed up with the American Federation of Teachers to conduct a Quality of Work Life Survey in order to study teacher working conditions. The Survey which had over 80 questions was completed by 30,000 teachers. The results found that 1 in 5 educators feel respected by government officials or

296-468: A career, based on a battery of assessments, went up from 34 percent in 2010 to 54 percent in 2013. According to Sarah Butrymowicz from The Atlantic , Kentucky's experience over the past three school years suggests it will be a slow and potentially frustrating road ahead for the other states that are using the Common Core. Test scores are still dismal, and state officials have expressed concern that

370-1002: A caucus in the National Education Association (NEA) in 2014 which grew to over 200 members by 2015. They also created a caucus in the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) in 2016. The Badass Teachers Association submitted an Amicus Brief in the case of Friedrichs vs. CTA in November 2015. BATs continue to appear frequently on radio stations and podcasts such as the Education Town Hall, Just Let Me Teach Radio, The Jeff Santos Show, and The Rick Smith Show. The group has been known to remove people from its Facebook group for challenging its message. It has removed members who disagreed with its leadership on certain issues and deleted messages that it found "inappropriate". It also purged students from

444-660: A common, universal assessment based on the Common Core State Standards, other states are choosing to work independently or through these two consortiums to develop the assessment. Florida Governor Rick Scott directed his state education board to withdraw from PARCC. Georgia withdrew from the consortium test in July 2013 in order to develop its own. Michigan decided not to participate in Smarter Balanced testing. Oklahoma tentatively withdrew from

518-506: A copyright notice, except when a state or territory has adopted the standards "in whole". When the CCSS was originally published, there was no intention to publish a common set of standards for English language proficiency development (ELPD). Instead, it was indicated that the ELPD standards would be left to individual states. However, the need for more guidance quickly became apparent, and led to

592-511: A couple of days in jail, Naison was released on bail (by his comrades) with the assumption that he would contact a gym teacher at a local school to get the word out about the Days of Rage. Naison did not want to put his life on the line and be back in jail within the week. After tangling with members of the Weatherman, Naison ceased associating with the group. Naison was briefly investigated by

666-544: A former political activist, was a member of Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) in the 1960s. He is a graduate of Columbia University and holds a Ph.D. in American history. Mark D. Naison was born in 1946 in the Crown Heights section of Brooklyn, New York. As the only child of Jewish intellectuals (both schoolteachers), Mark D. Naison had an easy childhood. Although he

740-816: A gym in a Harlem Park was something I was proud of at the time—and am still proud of now." Naison claims that his only regret in life has been not leaving Weatherman when they started talking about getting rid of monogamy. Naison has been on the faculty of Fordham University in New York City since 1970, where he is Professor of African American Studies and History, Director of the Bronx African American History Project, and has served as Director of Urban Studies . His most popular course at Fordham, "From Rock & Roll to Hip Hop: Urban Youth Cultures in Post War America",

814-448: A major change in the way U.S. schools teach mathematics. Rather than a fragmented system in which content is "a mile wide and an inch deep," the new common standards offer the kind of mathematics instruction we see in the top-achieving nations, where students learn to master a few topics each year before moving on to more advanced mathematics. It is my opinion that [a state] will best position its students for success by remaining committed to

SECTION 10

#1732790971208

888-399: A mile-wide, inch deep curriculum, the standards ask math teachers to significantly narrow and deepen the way time and energy are spent in the classroom. This means focusing deeply on the major work of each grade as follows: This focus will help students gain strong foundations, including a solid understanding of concepts, a high degree of procedural skill and fluency, and the ability to apply

962-422: A position in which they can compete in a global economy. Work groups composed of representatives from higher education, K-12 education, teachers, and researchers drafted the Common Core State Standards. The work groups consulted educators, administrators, community and parent organizations, higher education representatives, the business community, researchers, civil rights groups, and states for feedback on each of

1036-487: A tremendous amount of money, and pushes out the things kids love about school, like art and music". As Common Core is implemented in New York, the new tests have been criticized. Some parents have said that the new assessments are too difficult and are causing too much stress, leading to an "opt-out movement" in which parents refuse to let their children take the tests. Former governor Jeb Bush has said of opponents of

1110-615: Is co-founder of the Badass Teachers Association , a group dedicated to fighting the Common Core Curriculum and corporate influences on American education . Common Core State Standards Initiative The Common Core State Standards Initiative , also known as simply Common Core , was an American, multi-state educational initiative begun in 2010 with the goal of increasing consistency across state standards, or what K–12 students throughout

1184-435: Is done in other countries), or whether the curriculum should be separated out into separate year-long algebra and geometry courses (as has been the tradition in most U.S. states). An appendix to the standards describes four possible pathways for covering high school content (two traditional and two integrated), but states are free to organize the content any way they want. The Common Core State Standards for Mathematics shifted

1258-557: The Brookings Institution called into question whether the standards will have any effect, and said that they "have done little to equalize academic achievement within states". In response to the standards, the libertarian Cato Institute claimed that "it is not the least bit paranoid to say the federal government wants a national curriculum." According to a study published by the Pioneer Institute , although

1332-769: The District of Columbia joined the Common Core State Standards Initiative; Alabama , Oklahoma , Texas , Virginia , Alaska , Nebraska , Indiana and South Carolina did not. Minnesota adopted the English Language Arts standards but not the Mathematics standards. Following pushback and reductions in financial support, the project lost momentum and at least 12 states introducing legislation to prohibit implementation. Eventually, multiple states that initially adopted

1406-538: The FBI . According to his memoir, the FBI bugged his house electronically and tried to question his neighbors, who, however, refused to say anything about him. After three days, the FBI was satisfied that he was no longer in the Weatherman and they left him alone. Naison lost one of his dearest friends, Ted Gold , during the accidental explosion of a Greenwich Village townhouse by an amateur SDS bomb-making group. Kathy Boudin , in

1480-551: The National Education Association , the Common Core State Standards are supported by 76% of its teacher members. Research from the Fordham Institute confirmed that many teachers support Common Core, but also found that the use of multiple methods to teach a single subject negatively impacted students' and parents' perceptions of these standards. The Heritage Foundation argued in 2010 that

1554-748: The United States should know in English language arts and mathematics at the conclusion of each school grade . The initiative was sponsored by the National Governors Association and the Council of Chief State School Officers . The initiative also sought to provide states and schools with articulated expectations around the skills students graduating from high school needed in order to be prepared to enter credit-bearing courses at two- or four-year college programs or to enter

SECTION 20

#1732790971208

1628-540: The workforce . In the 1990s, a movement began in the U.S. to establish national educational standards for students across the country. In late 2008, the NGA convened a group to work on developing the standards. This team included David Coleman , William McCallum of the University of Arizona , Phil Daro, Douglas Clements and Student Achievement Partners founders Jason Zimba and Susan Pimentel to write standards in

1702-575: The ACT college readiness assessment, reported that there is a disconnect between what is emphasized in the Common Core and what is deemed important for college readiness by some college instructors. ACT has been a proponent of the Common Core Standards, and Chief Executive Officer Martin Roorda stated that "ACT's findings should not be interpreted as a rebuke of the Common Core." Kentucky was

1776-834: The Booker-Bennet Amendment which was added to the Reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. The Act called for a comprehensive study of teacher workplace stress and working conditions. It would require that Title II funds be used to conduct and publicly report on educator workplace conditions. In the summer of 2015 The Badass Teachers Association conducted a "Lobby Day" in which over 60 appointments were made in Washington D.C. by BATs from over 25 states to speak with federal lawmakers about education policy and education decision making. At

1850-737: The Columbia campus. Naison participated in the demonstration, but to distinguish himself from SDS members, he wore his athletic jacket and carried a sign saying "jocks for peace". In February 1968 Naison was arrested for civil disobedience at a protest on the Columbia campus at the proposed Harlem site for the new gym. In April of that same year, Naison's father and Martin Luther King Jr. died within two weeks of each other. Both of these deaths had profound impacts on Naison. At this point in his life he decided that he needed to be more involved in radical politics. Two weeks after King’s death there

1924-1061: The Columbia chapter of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) . CORE is a civil rights organization that was pivotal in the United States, particularly in the 1950s and 1960s. CORE was started in 1942 and was open to "anyone who believes that 'all people are created equal' and is willing to work towards the ultimate goal of true equality throughout the world." CORE quickly became one of the university's biggest political-action groups. He signed up to tutor and help organize tenants in East Harlem. He earned his BA and MA in American History at Columbia in June 1966 and June 1967, respectively. Naison went on to earn his Ph.D. in American History from Columbia in January 1976. By 1967, Naison

1998-411: The Common Core Standards decided to repeal or replace them including Indiana, Arizona , Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Florida also abandoned the standard. New York State would eventually replace their version of the Common Core Standards with The Next Generation Learning Standards. Standards were released for mathematics and English language arts on June 2, 2010, with a majority of states adopting

2072-496: The Common Core State Standards ... or any other academic standards common to a significant number of States." Other content areas adopted a national approach to learning standards, such as the Next Generation Science Standards , released in April 2012 and were subsequently adopted by many states. They are not directly related to the Common Core standards, but their content can be cross-connected to

2146-502: The Common Core State Standards and focusing their efforts on the implementation of the standards and aligned assessments. The standards require certain critical content for all students, including: classic myths and stories from around the world, America's Founding Documents, foundational American literature, and Shakespeare. In May 2013, the National Catholic Educational Association noted that

2220-453: The Common Core standards have never been field-tested and that no one knows whether they will improve education. Nicholas Tampio, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Fordham University , said that the standards emphasize rote learning and uniformity over creativity. Michigan State University 's Distinguished Professor William Schmidt wrote: In my view, the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics (CCSSM) unquestionably represent

2294-618: The Common Core's focus on national standards would do little to fix deeply ingrained problems and incentive structures within the education system. Marion Brady, a teacher, and Patrick Murray, an elected member of the school governing board in Bradford , Maine , wrote that Common Core drains initiative from teachers and enforces a "one-size-fits-all" curriculum that ignores cultural differences among classrooms and students. Diane Ravitch , former U.S. Assistant Secretary of Education and education historian, wrote in her book Reign of Error that

Badass Teachers Association - Misplaced Pages Continue

2368-772: The Top. Development of the Common Core Standards was funded by the governors and state schools chiefs, with additional support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation , Pearson Publishing Company , the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation , and others. The Every Student Succeeds Act , passed in December 2015, replaced No Child Left Behind Act , and prohibited the Department of Education from attempting to "influence, incentivize, or coerce State adoption of

2442-495: The areas of English language arts and mathematics. Announced on June 1, 2009, the initiative's stated purpose was to "provide a consistent, clear understanding of what students are expected to learn, so teachers and parents know what they need to do to help them". Additionally, "The standards are designed to be robust and relevant to the real world, reflecting the knowledge and skills that our young people need for success in college and careers", which should place American students in

2516-575: The consortium test in July 2013 due to the technical challenges of online assessment. Utah withdrew from the Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium in August 2012. The Common Core State Standards have drawn both support and criticism from politicians, analysts, and commentators. Teams of academics and educators from around the United States led the development of the standards, and additional validation teams approved

2590-502: The creation of several initiatives to provide resources to states and educators, including: The U.S. Department of Education has since funded two grants to develop the next generation of ELPD assessments, which must measure students’ proficiency against a set of common ELPD standards, which in turn correspond to the college/career-ready standards in English language arts and mathematics. The new assessment system must also: 41 states and

2664-399: The curriculum, not taught as separate courses. Mathematical Modeling is a Standard for Mathematical Practice (see above ), and is meant to be integrated across the entire curriculum beginning in kindergarten. The modeling category does not have its own standards; instead, high school standards in other categories which are intended to be considered part of the modeling category are indicated in

2738-469: The drafts. The standards are copyrighted by NGA Center for Best Practices (NGA Center) and the CCSSO , which controls use of and licenses the standards. The NGA Center and CCSSO do this by offering a public license which is used by State Departments of Education. The license states that use of the standards must be "in support" of the Common Core State Standards Initiative. It also requires attribution and

2812-418: The event it was reported that BATs from New York, Washington State, Oregon, and Virginia occupied Senator Bernie Sanders office until his staff agreed to talk with organizers of the association about education policy. Sen. Sanders education liaison in Washington D.C. subsequently called BATs Executive Director Marla Kilfoyle to talk about education policy and procedures. The Badass Teachers Association created

2886-497: The fall of 1969. On a Saturday in October 1969 all that changed. Naison was in a park with a group of friends, and while there they met a group of teenagers. They started talking and soon learned that a café across the way would not serve them because they looked like hippies. Furious, Naison and the others marched into the café and demanded that they be served. The police were called and a fight ensued resulting in eleven arrests. After

2960-716: The federal government, neither should we cede it to the consensus of other states." Educational analysts from the Thomas B. Fordham Institute determined that the Common Core standards "are clearly superior to those currently in use in 39 states in math and 37 states in English. For 33 states, the Common Core is superior in both math and reading." In a follow-up study, researchers found that while some states were committed to updating their standards, more resources were still needed to ensure adequate implementation of those standards, including adequate course material, capacity to deliver assessments, and accountability systems. According to

3034-413: The final standards. The teams drew on public feedback that was solicited throughout the process and that feedback was incorporated into the standards. The Common Core initiative only specifies what students should know at each grade level and describes the skills that they must acquire in order to achieve college or career readiness. Individual school districts are responsible for choosing curricula based on

Badass Teachers Association - Misplaced Pages Continue

3108-459: The first to implement the Common Core State Standards, and local school districts began offering new math and English curricula based on the standard in August 2010. In 2013, Time magazine reported that the high school graduation rate had increased from 80 percent in 2010 to 86 percent in 2013, test scores went up 2 percentage points in the second year of using the Common Core test, and the percentage of students considered to be ready for college or

3182-558: The five process standards of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics and the five strands of proficiency in the U.S. National Research Council 's Adding It Up report. These practices are to be taught in every grade from kindergarten to twelfth grade. Details of how these practices are to be connected to each grade level's mathematics content are left to local implementation of the Standards. The standards lay out

3256-661: The group. Some critics have questioned the allegiances that the group has made with the Tea Party and related groups, as part of their shared opposition to issues like the Common Core State Standards Initiative . The organization defines itself solely as a "left leaning" organization. Mark D. Naison Mark Naison (born 1946) is a professor of history at Fordham University , the Jesuit University of New York. Naison,

3330-413: The heart of its philosophy is, as far as we can see, that it is a waste of resources to 'over-educate' people," though the Common Core set only minimum—not maximum—standards. Mark Naison, Fordham University Professor, and co-founder of the Badass Teachers Association , raised a similar objection: "The liberal critique of Common Core is that this is a huge profit-making enterprise that costs school districts

3404-488: The historical context of the march. During his speech he said that "the forces opposing university expansion have the upper hand. Let's not leave this building until we get some serious concessions." During the protest, Naison realized that while he did not necessarily agree with SDS's contempt for white protesters, he also felt that their tactics in the gym protest were far more effective, a realization that led him to join SDS after

3478-594: The house at the time, had been one of his favorite contacts in the New York Collective, and she survived the blast. In his grief over the loss of Gold, Naison wrote a poem, published in Radical America , as a tribute to his fallen friend. "I remember Ted Gold best... "He is dead... Of a bomb meant for better targets..." Asked about his arrest during the Columbia incident, Naison replied, "Getting arrested to protest Columbia's attempt to build

3552-486: The math they know to solve problems inside and outside the classroom. The impetus for assessment was not a function of the Common Core project, but to ensure states' continued compliance with the testing mandates of No Child Left Behind which required standards-aligned assessments in math and ELA in grades 3-8 and once again in high school. Two consortiums formed to create multi-state assessments, taking two different approaches. The final decision of which assessment to use

3626-681: The mathematical and English Language Arts standards within the Common Core . The stated goal of the English Language Arts and Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects standards is to ensure that students are college and career ready in literacy no later than the end of high school. There are five key components to the standards for English and Language Arts: Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening, Language, and Media and Technology. The essential components and breakdown of each of these key points within

3700-582: The mathematics content that should be learned at each grade level from kindergarten to Grade 8 (age 13–14), as well as the mathematics to be learned in high school. The standards do not dictate any particular pedagogy or what order topics should be taught within a particular grade level. Mathematical content is organized in a number of domains . At each grade level there are several standards for each domain, organized into clusters of related standards. In addition to detailed standards (of which there are 21 to 28 for each grade from kindergarten to eighth grade),

3774-419: The media. 14% strongly agree with the statement that they trust their administrator or supervision. 75% say they do not have enough staff to get the work done. 78% say they are often physically and emotionally exhausted at the end of the day. 87% say the demands of their job are at least sometimes interfere with their family life. As a result of this survey Senator Cory Booker and Senator Michael Bennet created

SECTION 50

#1732790971208

3848-446: The metaphor "cognitive decapitation" to describe the unfulfilling educational experience students are going through due to the subjects that have been excluded in their curriculum as a result of the Common Core. He notes cognitive decapitation is often experienced in urban schools of color, while white children have the privilege to continue engaging in a creative curriculum that involves the arts. In 2016, ACT, Inc. , administrators of

3922-488: The national debates. All Common Core testing will be done online. This is a bonanza for the tech industry and other vendors. Every school district must buy new computers, new teaching materials, and new bandwidth for the testing. At a time when school budgets have been cut in most states and many thousands of teachers have been laid off, school districts across the nation will spend billions to pay for Common Core testing. Los Angeles alone committed to spend $ 1 billion on iPads for

3996-596: The regional offices and nationally. He participated in many protests and attended the SDS national convention in Chicago in 1969. When the group calling itself Weatherman was instituted at the SDS national convention in Chicago, Naison was there. Naison even joined another member of the group to sign a lease on a house in South Brooklyn. Naison participated in discussions for the Days of Rage to be held in Chicago in

4070-430: The standards are a "set of high-quality academic expectations that all students should master by the end of each grade level" and are "not a national curriculum". Advancing one Catholic perspective, over one hundred college-level scholars signed a public letter criticizing the Common Core for diminishing the humanities in the educational curriculum: The "Common Core adopts a bottom-line, pragmatic approach to education and

4144-484: The standards are as follows: The stated goal of the mathematics standards is to achieve greater focus and coherence in the curriculum. This is largely in response to the criticism that American mathematics curricula are "a mile wide and an inch deep". The mathematics standards include Standards for Mathematical Practice and Standards for Mathematical Content. The Standards mandate that eight principles of mathematical practice be taught: The practices are adapted from

4218-420: The standards do not specify which content is to be taught at each grade level, nor does the Common Core prescribe how a particular standard should be taught. Up to Grade 8, the curriculum is integrated ; students study four or five different mathematical domains every year. The standards do not dictate whether the curriculum should continue to be integrated in high school with study of several domains each year (as

4292-551: The standards in the subsequent months. States were given an incentive to adopt the Common Core Standards through the possibility of competitive federal Race to the Top grants. U.S. President Barack Obama and U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan announced the Race to the Top competitive grants on July 24, 2009, as a motivator for education reform. To be eligible, states had to adopt "internationally benchmarked standards and assessments that prepare students for success in college and

4366-437: The standards present an overview of "critical areas" for each grade. There are six conceptual categories of content to be covered at the high school level: Some topics in each category are indicated only for students intending to take more advanced, optional courses such as calculus , advanced statistics, or discrete mathematics . Even if the traditional sequence is adopted, functions and modeling are to be integrated across

4440-432: The standards that while "criticisms and conspiracy theories are easy attention grabbers", he instead wanted to hear their solutions to the problems in American education. In 2014, Bobby Jindal wrote that "It has become fashionable in the news media to believe there is a right-wing conspiracy against Common Core." Diane Ravitch has also stated: The financial cost of implementing Common Core has barely been mentioned in

4514-441: The standards themselves are sound, their method of implementation has failed to deliver improvements in literacy, while numeracy has actually declined, due to the imposition of the mediocre curriculum sequences used in a number of mid-performing states, and the "progressive" teaching methods that are popular among Common Core developers. South Carolina Governor Nikki Haley said her state should not "relinquish control of education to

SECTION 60

#1732790971208

4588-453: The standards with a star symbol. Each of the six high school categories includes a number of domains. For example, the "number and quantity" category contains four domains: the real number system ; quantities; the complex number system ; and vector and matrix quantities. The "vector and matrix quantities" domain is reserved for advanced students, as are some of the standards in "the complex number system". In high school (Grades 9 to 12),

4662-420: The standards. Textbooks bearing a Common Core label are not verified by any agency and may or may not represent the intent of the Common Core Standards. Some critics believe most current textbooks are not actually aligned to the Common Core, while others disagree. The mathematicians Edward Frenkel and Hung-Hsi Wu wrote in 2013 that the mathematical education in the United States was in "deep crisis", caused by

4736-693: The strike. After he joined, Naison was asked by Rudd to use his knowledge of African-American and labor movement history to argue that the nationalist impulse was a progressive force in African-American life in SDS's leadership's fight against the Progressive Labor Movement . The PLM (generally referred to as PL) included members of SDS who were arguing that black nationalism was reactionary and that no revolution could be built with separate black and white wings. By that fall, Naison had taken on an even greater role in SDS, both in

4810-487: The tests; the money is being taken from a bond issue approved by voters for construction and repair of school facilities. Meanwhile, the district has cut teachers of the arts, class size has increased, and necessary repairs are deferred because the money will be spent on iPads. The iPads will be obsolete in a year or two, and the Pearson content loaded onto the iPads has only a three-year license. Writer Jonathan Kozol uses

4884-426: The use of high-stakes testing , increase teacher autonomy in the classroom and work to include teacher and family voices in legislative decision-making processes that affect students. BAT teachers engage in organized group actions such as phone calls, emails, or letter writing. As Sanstead claimed, "vexed teachers raising their hands quietly was not working. " BAT has a closed Facebook page with over 56,000 members,

4958-486: The way math was being taught in schools. Both agreed that math textbooks, which were widely adopted across the states, already create "mediocre de facto national standards". The texts, they said, were "often incomprehensible and irrelevant". The Common Core State Standards address these issues and "level the playing field" for students. They point out that adoption of the Common Core State Standards and how best to test students are two separate issues. In 2012, Tom Loveless of

5032-442: The way the United States teaches math in three core ways. They built on the pre-existing standards to emphasize the skills and knowledge students will not only need in college, but in their career and in life as well. The key shifts are: As an example, here is the description of one of the key shifts, a greater focus on fewer topics: The Common Core calls for greater focus in mathematics. Rather than racing to cover many topics in

5106-442: The work place." Though states could adopt other college- and career-ready standards and still be eligible, they were awarded extra points in their Race to the Top applications if they adopted the Common Core standards by August 2, 2010. Forty-one states made the promise in their application. Virginia and Texas were two states that chose to write their own college and career-ready standards, and were subsequently eligible for Race to

5180-496: Was another protest against the gym and again Naison participated. This time it was organized by the Columbia chapter of SDS and SAS (Student African-American Society). Mark Rudd , SDS's leader, urged the group (of almost 500) to seize buildings to make sure their voices were heard. They soon overtook Hamilton Hall , giving them leverage that no other demonstration had ever held. During the building occupation, Naison spoke briefly about

5254-653: Was determined by individual state education agencies. Both of these consortiums proposed computer-based exams that include fewer selected and constructed response test items, unlike most states' existing No Child Left Behind tests. As of October 2015, SBAC membership was reduced to 20 members: California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Michigan, Montana, New Hampshire, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, U.S. Virgin Islands, The Bureau of Indian Education, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wyoming. While some states are working together to create

5328-422: Was happy as a child, Naison felt ostracized from his peers because his parents put such an importance on intelligence. Naison rebelled and turned to sports as an outlet and to help him fit in better with the neighbor kids. Naison entered Columbia University in the fall of 1962. By the end of his freshman year, he began to feel like he had to oppose racial segregation more actively. By the fall of 1963, he joined

5402-598: Was participating in anti-war activities sponsored by Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) . Although Naison was against the Vietnam War , he had objections to SDS's political style. He felt that they were too wrapped up in Marxist thinking and not concerned enough with the human aspect of the war. In the spring of 1967, SDS held a demonstration against the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) on

5476-483: Was the subject of an interview with him on National Public Radio . He has written over a hundred articles and published three books on urban history, African-American History , and the history of sports . Naison has also appeared on The O'Reilly Factor , Chappelle's Show , and the Discovery Channel 's The Greatest American . He has also been an outspoken critic of Teach for America . Naison

#207792