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28-732: In 2008 the FPSO Petrojarl Cidade de Rio das Ostras started test production of the Siri crude. Part of the process equipment on the FPSO is an electrostatic coalescer with the VIEC technology from Hamworthy . The process system was delivered by Expro . It consists of two separator stages and the electrostatic coalescer. Using high processing temperature the process system is designed to output crude oil with an export specification of 1% BS&W . This Brazil location article

56-409: A tanker or, less frequently, transported through a pipeline . FPSOs are preferred in frontier offshore regions as they are easy to install, and do not require a local pipeline infrastructure to export oil. FPSOs can be a conversion of an oil tanker (like Seawise Giant ) or can be a vessel built specially for the application. A vessel used only to store oil (without processing it) is referred to as

84-653: A cost below USD100 million. The FPSO operating in the deepest waters is the FPSO BW Pioneer , built and operated by BW Offshore on behalf of Petrobras Americas INC. The FPSO is moored at a depth of 2,600 m in Block 249 Walker Ridge in the US Gulf of Mexico and is rated for 80,000 bbl/d (13,000 m /d). The EPCI contract was awarded in October 2007 and production started in early 2012. The FPSO conversion

112-447: A floating storage and offloading (FSO) vessel. The first of a related type, floating liquefied natural gas vessels, went into service in 2016. FPSOs are classified into the following types. A floating storage and offloading unit ( FSO ) is essentially an FPSO without the capability for oil or gas processing. Most FSOs are converted single hull supertankers . An example is Knock Nevis , ex Seawise Giant , which for many years

140-547: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about an oil field is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . FPSO A floating production storage and offloading ( FPSO ) unit is a floating vessel used by the offshore oil and gas industry for the production and processing of hydrocarbons , and for the storage of oil. An FPSO vessel is designed to receive hydrocarbons produced by itself or from nearby platforms or subsea template, process them, and store oil until it can be offloaded onto

168-508: Is designed to handle 800,000 bbl/d (130,000 m /d) with no allowance for downtime. The Skarv FPSO , developed and engineered by Aker Solutions for BP Norge , is one of the most advanced and largest FPSO deployed in the Norwegian Sea, offshore Mid Norway . Skarv is a gas condensate and oil field development. The development ties in five sub-sea templates, and the FPSO has capacity to include several smaller wells nearby in

196-428: Is to be situated 200 km off the coast of Western Australia and is due for completion in around 2016. It will be the largest vessel ever built. Royal Dutch Shell (2013), LNG FPSO (Liquefied Natural Gas Floating production Storage and Offloading), Samsung Heavy Industries at a cost of $ 12 Billion. In June 2012, Petronas made a contract of procurement engineering, construction, installation and commissioning, with

224-513: The Atlantic Ocean , it weighs 81,000 tonnes and is 285 meters long, 63 meters wide, and 32 meters high (935 ft by 207 ft by 105 ft). The first FSO in the Gulf of Mexico, The FSO Ta'Kuntah , has been in operation since August 1998. The FSO, owned and operated by MODEC , is under a service agreement with PEMEX Exploration and Production. The vessel was installed as part of

252-562: The Cantarell Field Development. The field is located in the Bay of Campeche, offshore Mexico's Yucatán peninsula. It is a converted ULCC tanker with a SOFEC external turret mooring system, two flexible risers connected in a lazy-S configuration between the turret and a pipeline end manifold (PLEM) on the seabed, and an offloading system that allows up to two tankers at a time to moor and load, in tandem or side by side. The FSO

280-570: The Technip and DSME consortium, for what is expected to be the world's first floating liquefaction unit when completed in 2015. The unit is destined for the Kanowit gas field off Sarawak, Malaysia. At the opposite (discharge and regasification) end of the LNG chain, the first ever conversion of an LNG carrier, Golar LNG owned Moss type LNG carrier into an LNG floating storage and regasification unit

308-488: The business area into heavy equipment and construction. Since the 21st century, SHI began to build LNG and large passenger ships in earnest, and exported shipbuilding technologies to the United States. Samsung Heavy Industries decided to advance into the cruise ship market, the last remaining stronghold of EU shipbuilders. The company stated entering the undertaking was necessary to maintain its number one position in

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336-625: The contract for fabrication of the Skarv FPSO hull to Samsung Heavy Industries in South Korea and the Turret contract to SBM. The FPSO has a length of 292 m, beam of 50.6 m and is 29 m deep, accommodates about 100 people in single cabins. The hull is delivered in January 2010. Samsung Heavy Industries Samsung Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. ( Korean :  삼성중공업 ) is one of

364-565: The delivery of: transportation ships for the commercial industry, topsides modules, drilling and floating production units for the oil and gas sector, gantry cranes for fabrication yards, digital instrumentation and control devices for ships, and other construction and engineering services. SHI operates manufacturing facilities at home and abroad, including ship block fabrication factories in Ningbo and Rongcheng , China. The Geoje Shipyard in particular, SHI's largest shipyard in South Korea, boasts

392-426: The expense of installing a pipeline. Once the field is depleted, the FPSO can be moved to a new location. New build FPSOs have a high initial cost (up to USD1 billion), but require limited maintenance. In addition, the ability to reposition/repurpose them means they can outlast the life of the production facility by decades. A cheaper alternative for smaller platforms is to convert an oil tanker or similar vessel at

420-667: The field and preparation for procurement and project management of the total field development. The hull is an Aker Solutions proprietary "Tentech975" design. BP also selected Aker Solutions to perform the detail engineering, procurement and construction management assistance (EPcma) for the Skarv field development. The EPcma contract covers detail engineering and procurement work for the FPSO topsides as well as construction management assistance to BP including hull and topside facilities. The production started in field in August 2011. BP awarded

448-418: The future. The process plant on the vessel can handle about 19,000,000 cubic metres per day (670,000,000 cu ft/d) of gas and 13,500 cubic metres per day (480,000 cu ft/d) of oil. An 80 km gas export pipe ties into Åsgard transport system. Aker Solutions (formerly Aker Kvaerner) developed the front-end design for the floating production facility as well as the overall system design for

476-516: The global shipbuilding market. In 2009, SHI was contracted to build a new residential cruise ship named Utopia , which will be the largest passenger ship ever assembled in Asia. The ship will test the waters by 2016. Starting in the late 1980s, SHI produced forklifts and heavy equipment (mainly excavators ) at Changwon. The forklift production was established through agreements with Clark Material Handling Company (production started in 1986) and

504-612: The heavy equipment production came from the construction equipment division of Korea's Heavy Industries and Construction, acquired by Samsung in 1983 (SHI began manufacturing heavy equipment in 1987). Truck production was added in May 1993. The company also assembled electric car prototypes. The truck production business was spun off in 1996 as a separate company called Samsung Commercial Vehicles . The forklift and heavy equipment businesses were sold off in 1998. Samsung Heavy Industries has been involved in wind turbine manufacture including

532-769: The highest dock turnover rate in the world. The largest of the three docks, Dock No. 3, is 640 metres (2,100 ft) long, 97.5 metres (320 ft) wide, and 13 metres (43 ft) deep. Mostly ultra-large ships are built at this dock, having the world's highest production efficiency with yearly dock turnover rate of 10 and the launch of 30 ships per year. SHI specializes in the building of high added-value and special purpose vessels, including LNG carriers, off-shore related vessels, oil drilling ships, FPSO/FSO's, ultra Large container ships such as Xin Beijing (2007), and Arctic shuttle tankers. In recent times SHI has concentrated on LNG tankers and drillships. Samsung Heavy Industries

560-561: The largest shipbuilders in the world and one of the "Big Three" shipbuilders of South Korea (including Hyundai and Hanwha ). Geoje (in South Gyeongsang Province ) is one of the largest shipyards in the world, having 3 dry docks and 5 floating docks. A core subsidiary of the Samsung Group , South Korea's largest conglomerate , SHI's main focus is on the engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning and

588-468: The onboard regasification system provides natural gas exported to shore through risers and pipelines. As of 2022 , there are 33 FSRUs in the world, of which some relocate to higher-priced areas. Oil has been produced from offshore locations since the late 1940s. Originally, all oil platforms sat on the seabed, but as exploration moved to deeper waters and more distant locations in the 1970s, floating production systems came to be used. The first oil FPSO

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616-428: The tanker. Floating production, storage and offloading vessels are particularly effective in remote or deep water locations, where seabed pipelines are not cost effective. FPSOs eliminate the need to lay expensive long-distance pipelines from the processing facility to an onshore terminal. This can provide an economically attractive solution for smaller oil fields, which can be exhausted in a few years and do not justify

644-618: Was awarded to SBM Offshore in July 2013. One of the world's largest FPSO is the Kizomba A , with a storage capacity of 2.2 million barrels (350,000 m ). Built at a cost of over US$ 800 million by Hyundai Heavy Industries in Ulsan , Korea , it is operated by Esso Exploration Angola ( ExxonMobil ). Located in 1200 meters (3,940 ft) of water at Deep water block 200 statute miles (320 km) offshore from Angola , Central Africa in

672-623: Was built in 1977 on the Shell Castellon field, located in the Spanish Mediterranean. Today, over 270 vessels are deployed worldwide as oil FPSOs. On July 29, 2009, Shell and Samsung announced an agreement to build up to 10 LNG FPSOs, at the same Samsung Yard. Flex LNG appeared to construct smaller units. On May 20, 2011, Royal Dutch Shell announced the planned development of a 488 m long and 74 m wide floating liquefied natural gas facility (FLNG), called Prelude , which

700-514: Was carried out at MMHE Shipyard Pasir Gudang in Malaysia , while the topsides were fabricated in modules at various international vendor locations. The FPSO has a disconnectable turret ( APL ) The vessel can disconnect in advance of hurricanes and reconnect with minimal down time. A contract for an FPSO to operate in even deeper waters (2,900 m) for Shell's Stones field in the US Gulf of Mexico

728-490: Was carried out in 2007 by Keppel shipyard in Singapore. Oil produced from offshore production platforms can be transported to the mainland either by pipeline or by tanker. When a tanker is chosen to transport the oil, it is necessary to accumulate oil in some form of storage tank, such that the oil tanker is not continuously occupied during oil production, and is only needed once sufficient oil has been produced to fill

756-421: Was established in 1974, when the company's Changwon plant was opened. SHI soon purchased Woojin, followed by the construction of Geoje shipbuilding facilities and merger with Daesung Heavy Industries. Samsung Shipbuilding and Daesung Heavy Industries were merged under Samsung Heavy Industries in 1983. Since then, it has put efforts in the introduction of new technologies and development of products, while expanding

784-444: Was the world's largest ship. It was converted into an FSO for offshore use before being scrapped. At the other end of the LNG logistics chain, where the natural gas is brought back to ambient temperature and pressure, a specially modified ship may also be used as a floating storage and regasification unit ( FSRU ). A LNG floating storage and regasification unit receives liquefied natural gas (LNG) from offloading LNG carriers , and

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