42-504: Bael may refer to: Aegle marmelos , commonly known as bael, a species of tree Bael (demon) , a demon described in demonological grimoires Bael ( Dungeons & Dragons ) , a Dungeons & Dragons character Bael (wrestler) , Filipino American professional wrestler Benito Cuntapay (born 1978) Bael Bael, Victoria , Australia See also [ edit ] Baal (disambiguation) Bail (disambiguation) Topics referred to by
84-493: A naturalized species . The tree is considered to be sacred by Hindus and Buddhists . Aegle marmelos is a deciduous shrub or small to medium-sized tree, up to 13 metres (43 feet) tall with slender drooping branches and rather open, irregular crown. The bark is pale brown or grayish, smooth or finely fissured and flaking, armed with long straight spines, 1.2–2.5 centimetres ( 1 ⁄ 2 –1 inch) singly or in pairs, often with slimy sap oozing out from cut parts. The gum
126-462: A 17th-century trader named 'Captain Shaddock' brought pomelo seeds to Jamaica and bred the first fruit, which were then called shaddocks . The grapefruit then probably originated as a naturally occurring hybrid between the two plants some time after they had been introduced there. A hybrid fruit, called forbidden fruit , was first documented in 1750 (along with 14 other citrus fruits including
168-400: A drink made of the pulp with water, sugar, and citron juice, is mixed, left to stand a few hours, strained, and put on ice. One large bael fruit may yield five or six liters of sharbat. If the fruit is to be dried, it is usually sliced and sun-dried. The hard leathery slices are then immersed in water. The leaves and small shoots are eaten as salad greens . Bael fruits are of dietary use and
210-619: A main role in his worship, because the leaf's triple shape is seen to symbolise his trident . In the traditional practice of the Hindu and Buddhist religions by people of the Newar culture of Nepal , the bael tree is part of a fertility ritual for girls known as the Bel Bibaaha . Girls are "married" to the bael fruit; as long as the fruit is kept safe and never cracks, the girl can never become widowed, even if her human husband dies. This
252-575: A natural hybrid. One ancestor of the grapefruit was the Jamaican sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis ), itself an ancient hybrid of Asian origin; the other was the Indonesian pomelo ( C. maxima ). The pomelo was the female ancestor; the sweet orange, itself a hybrid, was the male. Both C. sinensis and C. maxima were present in the West Indies by 1692. One story of the fruit's origin is that
294-423: A number of essential oils; and, among its alkaloids, á -fargarine(= allocryptopine ), O -isopentenylhalfordinol, O -methylhafordinol. Aegeline (N-[2-hydroxy-2(4-methoxyphenyl) ethyl]-3-phenyl-2-propenamide) is a constituent that can be extracted from bael leaves. Aeglemarmelosine, molecular formula C 16 H 15 NO 2 [α] D +7.89° ( c 0.20, CHCl 3 ), has been isolated as an orange viscous oil. Bael
336-565: A sac of adhesive, transparent mucilage that solidifies on drying. The exact number of seeds varies in different publications. The fruit takes about 11 months to ripen on the tree, reaching maturity in December. It can reach the size of a large grapefruit or pomelo , and some are even larger. The shell is so hard it must be cracked with a hammer or machete . The fibrous yellow pulp is very aromatic. It has been described as tasting of marmalade and smelling of roses. Boning (2006) indicates that
378-408: A wide range of soil conditions ( pH range 5–10), is tolerant of waterlogging and has an unusually wide temperature tolerance from −7–48 °C (19–118 °F). It requires a pronounced dry season to give fruit. The tree is a larval food plant for the following two Indian Swallowtail butterflies : the lime butterfly ( Papilio demoleus ) and the common Mormon ( Papilio polytes ). Aegeline
420-438: Is a mutation-bred variety that was developed by treatment of bud sticks with thermal neutrons. Its improved attributes of mutant variety are fruit and juice color, deeper red, and wide adaptation. The 'Star Ruby' is the darkest of the red varieties. Developed from an irradiated 'Hudson' grapefruit ('Hudson' being a limb sport of 'Foster', itself a limb sport of the 'Walters'), it has found limited commercial success because it
462-506: Is a citrus hybrid that originated in Barbados in the 18th century. It is an accidental cross between the sweet orange ( C. × sinensis ) and the pomelo ( C. maxima ), both of which were introduced from Asia in the 17th century. It has also been called the ' forbidden fruit '. In the past it was called the pomelo , but that term is now mostly used as the common name for Citrus maxima . Grapefruit–drug interactions are common, as
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#1732801281455504-601: Is a known constituent of the bael leaf and consumed as a dietary supplement with the intent to produce weight loss. In 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Department of Defense Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, and Hawaii state and local health officials identified an outbreak of 97 persons with acute non-viral hepatitis that first emerged in Hawaii. Seventy-two of these persons had reported using
546-567: Is a ritual that guarantees the high status of widows in the Newar community compared to other women in Nepal. [REDACTED] Media related to Aegle marmelos at Wikimedia Commons Grapefruit The grapefruit ( Citrus × paradisi ) is a subtropical citrus tree known for its relatively large, sour to semi-sweet, somewhat bitter fruit. The flesh of the fruit is segmented and varies in color from pale yellow to dark red. Grapefruit
588-646: Is also described as a clear, gummy sap, resembling gum arabic, which exudes from wounded branches and hangs down in long strands, becoming gradually solid. It is sweet at first taste and then irritating to the throat. The leaf is trifoliate, alternate, each leaflet 5–14 cm (2– 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) x 2–6 cm ( 3 ⁄ 4 – 2 + 1 ⁄ 4 in), ovate with tapering or pointed tip and rounded base, untoothed or with shallow rounded teeth. Young leaves are pale green or pinkish, finely hairy while mature leaves are dark green and completely smooth. Each leaf has 4–12 pairs of side veins which are joined at
630-507: Is bright green with an inconspicuous disc. The fruit typically has a diameter of between 5 and 10 cm (2 and 4 in). It is globose or slightly pear-shaped with a thick, hard rind and does not split upon ripening. The woody shell is smooth and green, gray until it is fully ripe when it turns yellow. Inside are 8 to 15 or 20 sections filled with aromatic orange pulp, each section with 6 (8) to 10 (15) flattened-oblong seeds each about 1 cm long, bearing woolly hairs and each enclosed in
672-560: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Aegle marmelos Aegle marmelos , commonly known as bael (or bili or bhel ), also Bengal quince , golden apple , Japanese bitter orange , stone apple or wood apple , is a species of tree native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia . It is present in India , Pakistan , Bangladesh , Sri Lanka , and Nepal as
714-605: Is more difficult to grow than other varieties. Raw white grapefruit is 90% water, 8% carbohydrates, 1% protein, and contains negligible fat (table). In a reference amount of 100 grams ( 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 ounces), raw grapefruit provides 138 kilojoules (33 kilocalories) of food energy and is a rich source of vitamin C (37% of the Daily Value ), with no other micronutrients in significant amounts (table). Like other citrus fruits, grapefruits are sour because of their citric acid content; grapefruit juice contains about half
756-525: Is now known as Safety Harbor . Further crosses have produced the tangelo (1905), the Minneola tangelo (1931), and the oroblanco (1984). Its true origins were not determined until the 1940s, at which point its official name was altered to Citrus × paradisi , the × identifying it as a hybrid. An early pioneer in the American citrus industry was Kimball C. Atwood, a wealthy entrepreneur who founded
798-460: Is that grapefruit compounds may inhibit the absorption of drugs in the intestine. If a drug is not absorbed, then not enough of it is in the blood to have a therapeutic effect. Each affected drug has either a specific increase of effect or decrease. One whole grapefruit or a glass of 200 ml (7 US fl oz) of grapefruit juice may cause drug overdose toxicity. Typically, drugs that are incompatible with grapefruit are marked as such on
840-539: Is the only member of the monotypic genus Aegle . Aegle marmelos is native across the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia , and is cultivated throughout Sri Lanka , Tamilnadu , Thailand, and Malesia . It occurs in dry, open forests on hills and plains at altitudes from 0–1,200 m (0–3,937 ft) with mean annual rainfall of 570–2,000 mm (22–79 in). It has a reputation in India for being able to grow in places that other trees cannot. It copes with
882-458: Is used in some recipes for fish. Grapefruit and grapefruit juice interact with numerous drugs, resulting in numerous adverse effects . Effects commonly include abnormal heart rhythms, bleeding inside the stomach, low blood pressure, difficulty breathing, and dizziness. One interaction occurs from grapefruit furanocoumarins , such as bergamottin and 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin , which occur in both flesh and peel. Furanocoumarins inhibit
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#1732801281455924-702: Is yellow-orange skinned and generally an oblate spheroid in shape; it ranges in diameter from 10 to 15 cm (4 to 6 in). Its flesh is segmented and acidic, varying in color depending on the cultivars , which include white, pink, and red pulps of varying sweetness (generally, the redder varieties are the sweetest). The 1929 U.S. 'Ruby Red' (of the 'Redblush' variety) was the first grapefruit patent . The varieties of Texas and Florida grapefruit include: 'Duncan', 'Flame', 'Henderson', 'Hudson', 'Marsh', 'Oro Blanco', 'Pink', 'Pummelo HB', 'Ray', 'Rio Star', 'Ruby Red', 'Star Ruby', 'Thompson', 'Triumph', 'Walters', 'White Marsh'. The 1929 'Ruby Red' (or 'Redblush') patent
966-551: The Sri Sukta of the Rigveda , which reveres this plant as the residence of goddess Lakshmi , the deity of wealth and prosperity. Bael trees are also considered an incarnation of the goddess Sati . Bael trees can be usually seen near Hindu temples and home gardens. It is believed that Shiva is fond of bael trees, to a point of having earned the epithet बिल्वदण्ड Bilvadaṇḍa or "bel- staffed ". Its leaves and fruit still play
1008-628: The CYP3A4 enzyme (among others from the P450 enzyme family responsible for metabolizing 90% of drugs). The action of the CYP3A4 enzyme itself is to metabolize many medications. If a drug's breakdown for removal is lessened, then the level of that drug in the blood may become and remain high, leading to adverse effects. On the other hand, some drugs must be metabolized to become active, and inhibiting CYP3A4 may lead to reduced drug effects. Another effect
1050-578: The dietary supplement OxyElite Pro, containing aegeline, which was manufactured by the Dallas company, USPlabs. FDA had previously taken action against an earlier formulation of OxyElite Pro because it contained dimethylamylamine , a stimulant that FDA had determined to be an adulterant when included in dietary supplements, and could cause high blood pressure and lead to heart attacks, seizures, psychiatric disorders, and death. USPlabs subsequently reformulated this product without informing FDA or submitting
1092-563: The Americas. In sub-Saharan Africa, the Citrus swallowtail, Papilio demodocus , is a minor pest of Citrus plantations. Grapefruits are subject to several diseases of Citrus trees, including citrus tristeza virus , citrus canker (caused by a bacterium, Xanthomonas ), and the vector -transmitted citrus greening disease , where the vector is a psyllid bug, and the pathogen is a bacterium, Liberibacter . Grapefruit originated as
1134-496: The citric acid content of lemon juice, and nearly 50% more than orange juice. In Costa Rica, especially in Atenas , grapefruit are often cooked with to balance their sourness, rendering them as sweets ; or they are stuffed with dulce de leche as a dessert . In Haiti, grapefruit is used primarily for its juice ( jus de Chadèque ), but also is used to make jam ( confiture de Chadèque ). Grapefruit varieties are differentiated by
1176-416: The container or package insert . In 2022, world production of grapefruits (combined with pomelos ) was 9.8 million tonnes , led by China with 53% of the world total with Vietnam as a secondary producer (table). Grapefruits are hosts for fruit flies (family Tephritidae ) such as A. suspensa , which lay their eggs in overripe or spoiled grapefruits, sometimes causing serious damage in plantations in
1218-402: The flavor is "sweet, aromatic and pleasant, although tangy and slightly astringent in some varieties. It resembles a marmalade made, in part, with citrus and, in part, with tamarind." Numerous hairy seeds are encapsulated in a slimy mucilage . The bael tree contains furocoumarins , including xanthotoxol and the methyl ester of alloimperatorin, as well as flavonoids , rutin and marmesin ;
1260-510: The flesh color of fruit they produce. Common varieties are yellow and pink pulp colors. Flavors range from highly acidic and somewhat sour to sweet and tart, resulting from composition of sugars (mainly sucrose ), organic acids (mainly citric acid), and monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes providing aromas. Grapefruit mercaptan , a sulfur -containing terpene , is one of the aroma compounds influencing taste and odor of grapefruit, compared with other citrus fruits. With its sharp taste, grapefruit
1302-460: The fruit pulp is used to prepare delicacies like murabba , puddings and juices. The leaves, bark, roots, fruits, and seeds are used in traditional medicine to treat various illnesses. Bael is considered to be one of the sacred trees of Hindus, (known in Sanskrit as बिल्व bilva ), and thus they are used in Hindu rites. Earliest evidence of the religious importance of bael appears in
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1344-505: The guiney orange) by a Welshman, the Rev. Griffith Hughes, in his The Natural History of Barbados . However, Hughes's forbidden fruit may have been a plant distinct from grapefruit although still closely related to it. In 1814, the British naturalist and plantation owner John Lunan published the term grapefruit to describe a similar Jamaican citrus plant. Lunan reported that the name
1386-603: The juice contains furanocoumarins that interfere with the metabolism of many drugs. This can prolong and intensify the effects of those drugs, leading to multiple side-effects such as abnormal heart rhythms, bleeding inside the stomach, low blood pressure, difficulty breathing, and dizziness. The evergreen grapefruit trees usually grow to around 4.5–6 m (15–20 ft) tall, although they may reach 13.7 m (45 ft). The leaves are up to 15 cm (6 in) long, thin, glossy, and dark green. They produce 5 cm (2 in) white flowers with four or five petals. The fruit
1428-525: The liver has not been isolated. Rich in vitamin C , the fruits can be eaten either fresh from trees or after being dried and produced into candy, toffee , pulp powder or nectar . If fresh, the juice is strained and sweetened to make a drink similar to lemonade . It can be made into sharbat , also called as Bela pana , a beverage. Bela Pana made in Odisha has fresh cheese, milk, water, fruit pulp, sugar, crushed black pepper, and ice. Bæl pana ,
1470-482: The manufacturer's recommendation. Three of these patients developed fulminant liver failure, two underwent urgent liver transplantation, and one died. The number of such cases ultimately rose to 44 in Hawaii. In January 2014, leaders from the Queen's Liver Center informed state lawmakers that they were almost certain that aegeline was the agent responsible for these cases, but the mechanism of how aegeline may damage
1512-441: The margin. The flowers are 1.5 to 2 cm, pale green or yellowish, sweetly scented, bisexual, in short drooping unbranched clusters at the end of twigs and leaf axils. They usually appear with young leaves. The calyx is flat with 4(5) small teeth. The four or five petals of 6–8 millimetres ( 1 ⁄ 4 – 3 ⁄ 8 in) overlap in the bud. Many stamens have short filaments and pale brown, short style anthers. The ovary
1554-487: The other Barbadoes Grape Fruit . Macfadyen distinguished between the two plants by fruit shape with the Barbados grapefruit being piriform ( pear shaped) while the forbidden fruit was "maliformis". Macfadyen's and Hughes's descriptions differ, so it is not clear that the two reports are describing the same plant. It has been suggested that Hughes's golden orange may actually have been a grapefruit, while his forbidden fruit
1596-575: The required safety data for a new dietary ingredient. Doctors at the Liver Center at The Queen's Medical Center investigating the first cases in Hawaii reported that between May and September 2013, eight previously healthy individuals presented themselves at their center suffering from a drug-induced liver injury. All of these patients had been using the reformulated OxyElite Pro, which they had purchased from different sources, and which had different lot numbers and expiration dates, at doses within
1638-405: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Bael . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bael&oldid=1229672112 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
1680-526: Was a different variety that may since have been lost. A citrus called forbidden fruit or shaddette has been discovered in Saint Lucia ; it may be the plant described by Hughes and Macfadyen. The name grape-fruit was used more and more during the 19th century to refer to pomelos, to the consternation of some. It was brought to Florida by the French businessman Count Odet Philippe in 1823, in what
1722-530: Was associated with real commercial success, which came after the discovery of a red grapefruit growing on a pink variety. The Texas Legislature designated this variety the official "State Fruit of Texas" in 1993. Using radiation to trigger mutations , new varieties were developed to retain the red tones that typically faded to pink. The 'Rio Red' variety is a 1984 registered Texas grapefruit with registered trademarks Rio Star and Ruby-Sweet , also sometimes promoted as Reddest and Texas Choice . The 'Rio Red'
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1764-488: Was due to its similarity in taste to the grape ( Vitis vinifera ). An alternative explanation is that this name may allude to clusters of the fruit on the tree, which often appear similar to bunches of grapes. In 1830, the Jamaican version of the plant was given the botanical name Citrus paradisi by the Scottish physician and botanist James Macfadyen . Macfadyen identified two varieties – one called forbidden fruit ,
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