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20-406: (Redirected from Bagirmi ) Baguirmi or Bagirmi may refer to: Baguirmi Department Baguirmi language Baguirmi people Sultanate of Baguirmi Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Baguirmi . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

40-610: A country north of Bagirmi and subject in turn to it and to Wadai, was at the same time brought under French control. So far as its European rivals are concerned, the French right to these regions was based on the Franco-German convention of 15 March 1894 and the Anglo-French declaration of 21 March 1899. The population in 1903 was estimated at 200,000, having been greatly reduced as the result of wars and slave-raiding. There

60-459: A matriarchal stage of society lingered, one small state being called Beled-el-Mra , "Women's Land", because its ruler was always a queen. Bagirmi became known to Europe by the travels of Dixon Denham (1823), Heinrich Earth (1852), who was imprisoned by the Bagirmese for some time, Gustav Nachtigal (1872), and P. Matteucci and A. M. Massari (1881). The country in 1871 had been conquered by

80-400: Is almost flat with a very slight inclination north to Lake Chad. It forms part of what seems to be the basin of an immense lake, of which Chad is the remnant. The soil is clay. Numerous tributaries of the river Chari River flow through the department, but much of the water is absorbed by swamps and sand-obstructed channels, and seasons of drought are recurrent. The southern part of the district

100-580: Is also an ancient caravan route which runs through Kanem and across the Sahara to Tripoli. 11°23′54″N 16°10′03″E  /  11.39833°N 16.16750°E  / 11.39833; 16.16750 Emile Gentil Émile Gentil ( French pronunciation: [emil ʒɑ̃ti] ; 4 April 1866 – 30 March 1914) was a French colonial administrator , naval officer, and military leader. He headed two military missions to conquer and consolidate territories north from modern Gabon to Chad . In 1902 Gentil

120-576: Is the most fertile. Under French colonial rule the capital was Chekna, on a tributary of the Chari. Fort Lamy (actually N'Djamena ) at the confluence of the Logone and Chari, and Fort de Cointet on the middle Shari, were French outposts around which towns grew. Among the trees the acacia and the dum-palm are common. Various kinds of rubber vine are found. Rice grows wild, as do several kinds of Poa grass (both of which are also cultivated). The fauna includes

140-579: The Kingdom of Baguirmi , which was then threatened by Rabih az-Zubayr , the most powerful ruler in the Chad basin . On 20 October Gentil's mission passed through Rabih az-Zubayr, reaching Lake Chad on the 28th. After returning from France, where he had successfully lobbied the government to support further expansion, Gentil made preparations for a second Mission to seize the Chari-Baguirmi region and

160-410: The French commissioner for the district, concluded a treaty with the sultan of Bagirmi, placing his country under French protection. A resident was left at the capital, Massenya, but on Gentil's withdrawal Rabah descended from Bornu and forced sultan and resident to flee. It was not until after the death of Rabah in battle and the rout of his sons (1901) that French authority was firmly established. Kanem,

180-597: The French station at Fort-Archambault Unbeknownst to them, a previous military expedition commanded by the Lieutenant de vaisseau Henri Bretonnet and the Lt. Solomon Braun, along with Sultan Gaourang's Baguirmi forces had been annihilated by Rabih's forces in the Battle of Togbao on 17 July after attacking Rabih at Kouno. On 16 August, one of the three Senegalese tirailleurs who had survived reached Gentil and informed him of

200-582: The French station at Fort-Archambault near one of Sultan Rabih az-Zubayr 's major towns, Kouno (now in the Chari-Baguirmi Region of Chad ). The mission then transported the steamboat overland again to the Chari , which stretches to Lake Chad in the north. In October 1897 he convinced the Sultan Abd ar Rahman Gwaranga to sign a treaty of alliance which gave France a protectorate over

220-607: The area around Lake Chad from Rabih az-Zubayr. In 1899–1900, the French organized three armed columns: the Gentil Mission proceeding north from French Congo, the infamous Voulet–Chanoine Mission east from Niger and the Foureau-Lamy Mission south from Algeria. The objective was to link all French possessions in Western Africa. Again supported by the steamboat Léon-Blot , Gentil's force headed to

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240-461: The battle. The Gentil Mission burned the town of Kouno, and confronted Rabih at the Battle of Kouno on 28 October 1899. The French were pushed back, suffering losses, but this did not prevent them from linking up with the other missions at Kousséri on 21 April 1900, in what today is northern Cameroon. The next day the three columns commanded by Major Amédée-François Lamy confronted Rabih az-Zubayr, who still controlled most of Chad. The French won

260-590: The colonial administration in Gabon. In 1895, Gentil was ordered to find a practical route to Chad, claiming the area between for France, and hence thwarting German and British expansion. On 27 July 1895, Gentil headed up the Congo River on the French steamship Léon-Blot . The ship was then dismantled and hauled by African laborers through the forest to reach navigable portions of the Oubangui , where he founded

280-650: The colonial borders), uniting with the Foureau-Lamy mission and destroying Rabih's empire, which permitted the institution in September by the French government of the Military territory of Chad. In Lamy's honour, Émile Gentil, who was later its first French governor, named the capital of the new French territory of Chad Fort-Lamy . In 1973 the Republic of Chad renamed it N'Djamena . On 5 February 1902 Gentil

300-469: The district, and after being converted to Islam under Abdullah, their fourth king (about 1600), they extended their authority over a large number of tribes living to the south and east. The most important of these tribes were the Saras, Gaberi, Somrai, Gulla, Nduka, Nuba and Sokoro, who were repeatedly raided by the Bagirmese for slaves. In 1911 polygamy was still general in upper Bagirmi, where some traces of

320-566: The elephant, hippopotamus, lion and several species of antelope. Ants are very numerous. The Bagirmese according to their own traditions, came from the east several centuries ago, a tradition borne out by their language, which resembles those spoken on the White Nile . On their arrival they appear to have taken the place of the Bulala dynasty. They subdued the Fula and Arabs already settled in

340-409: The ensuing Battle of Kousséri , ensuring them control of most of Chad, but the battle cost both commanders their lives. Rabih's son succeeded him, but his empire soon disintegrated under sustained French expansion. This meant that the original expedition had now accomplished all its main aims: surveying the lands of Northern Nigeria and Niger (contributing to a clearer Franco-British delimitation of

360-457: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baguirmi&oldid=990451150 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Baguirmi Department The surface of the department, which lies about 1,000 feet (300 m) above sea-level,

380-406: The sultan of Wadai, and about 1890 was over-run by Rabah Zobeir who subsequently removed farther west to Bornu. About this time French interest in the countries surrounding Lake Chad was aroused. The first expedition led thither through Bagirmi met with disaster, its leader, Paul Crampel , being killed by order of Rabah. Subsequent French missions were more fortunate, and in 1897 Emile Gentil ,

400-530: Was named commissioner-general of the French Congo residing at Brazzaville . Gabon's second-largest city Port-Gentil was named for him. Born at Volmunster in the department of Moselle , he later attended the École Navale , the school that formed French naval officers. As an ensign , he was assigned to conduct hydrographic soundings along the Gabonese coast from 1890 to 1892. That year, he joined

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