128-492: Bagong Pag-asa , also known as the Magsaysay District , is an administrative division in eastern Metro Manila . It is an urban barangay of Quezon City with low-density housing and is known for its shopping malls, transport hubs and office buildings. Neighboring barangays include Project 6 and Vasra in the northeast; Bahay Toro in the north; Pinyahan in the east; Veterans Village , Bungad and Sto. Cristo in
256-670: A municipality . President Ferdinand Marcos appointed his wife, First Lady Imelda Marcos , as the first governor of Metro Manila . She launched the City of Man campaign. The Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex , Metropolitan Folk Arts Theater , Philippine International Convention Center , Coconut Palace and healthcare facilities such as the Lung Center of the Philippines , Philippine Heart Center , and
384-550: A Swiss firm (today Losinger Marazzi), and the Philippine subsidiary of the U.S.-based Dravo Corporation . The government appointed Electrowatt Engineering Services of Zürich to oversee construction and eventually became responsible for the extension studies of future expansion projects. The Electrowatt plan—which is still used for planning future metro lines—consisted of a 150-kilometer (93-mile) network of rapid transit lines spanning all major corridors within 20 years, including
512-527: A capacity expansion project, the signalling system was replaced with a signalling and train control system based on automatic train protection and automatic train supervision using Siemens technology. In 2022, as part of the line's south extension, the existing signalling system used in Line 1 was replaced by the Atlas 100 solution of Alstom , which is based on ETCS Level 1 . On the other hand, Line 2 uses
640-577: A coastal lagoon, and a beach. The framework of government and governance in Metro Manila is based on Republic Act No. 7160, otherwise known as the "Local Government Code of 1991" . This law outlines the powers and responsibilities of all local government units (LGUS) in the Philippines and thus forms the basis of inter-local governmental relations among the area's constituent local governments. The local government code grants these units significant political and administrative autonomy in accordance with
768-477: A common ticketing to 3 rail lines and some bus lines. Many passengers who ride the system also take various forms of road-based public transport, such as buses and jeepneys , to and from a station to reach their intended destination. Although it aims to reduce traffic congestion and travel times in the metropolis, the transportation system has only been partially successful due to the rising number of motor vehicles and rapid urbanization . The network's expansion
896-736: A concurrent elected position such as mayor. Elfren Cruz was the last to serve as the Officer-In-Charge governor of Metro Manila. Throughout 1988, unemployment among the country's regions was highest in Metro Manila, with 20.1% of the region's workforce being jobless according to the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) and the National Statistics Office . In 2014, then-MMDA chairman Francis Tolentino proposed that San Pedro, Laguna be included in Metro Manila as its 18th member city. Tolentino said that in
1024-419: A consortium of companies comprising SA Ateliers de Constructions Electriques de Charleroi (ACEC) and BN Constructions Ferroviaires et Métalliques (today both part of Bombardier Transportation and now Alstom ), Tractionnel Engineering International (TEI) and Transurb Consult (TC). Although expected to pay for itself from revenues within twenty years of the start of operation, it was initially estimated that
1152-404: A few years after opening. In 1990, the Line 1 fell so far into disrepair due to premature wear and tear that trains headed to Central Terminal station had to slow to a crawl to avoid further damage to the support beams below as cracks reportedly began to appear. The premature aging of Line 1 led to an extensive refurbishing and structural capacity expansion program with a help of Japan's ODA. For
1280-761: A government corporation attached to the Department of Transportation (DOTr), and the Light Rail Manila Corporation (LRMC). Along with the Manila Metro Rail Transit System and the Metro Commuter Line of the Philippine National Railways , the system makes up Metro Manila's rail infrastructure. The LRT's 43.5-kilometer-route (27.0 mi) is mostly elevated and consists of two lines and 38 stations. Line 1 , also called
1408-541: A line on the Radial Road 6 alignment, one of the region's busiest road corridor. The 1982 study of the system's network recommends lines that are proposed: The line was test-run in March 1984, and the first half of Line 1, from Baclaran to Central Terminal, was opened on December 1, 1984. The second half, from Central Terminal to Monumento, was opened on May 12, 1985. Overcrowding and poor maintenance took its toll
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#17327983880331536-518: A new fare will be charged when transferring from one line to the other. To reduce ticket queues, the LRTA is promoting the use of stored value tickets. Aside from benefitting from a lower fare structure on the Line 1, stored value ticket users can avail of a scheme called the Last Ride Bonus that grants the use of any residual amount in a stored value ticket less than the usual minimum ₱12 fare, or
1664-724: A new walled city of Manila became the capital of the Spanish East Indies. After setting up a settlement and consolidating some territorial holdings outwards, the Spanish instituted a province known as Manila . Later on, the Manila galleon continually sailed the Pacific from end-to-end, bringing to Mexico Asian merchandise and cultural exchange. In the First Philippine Republic, the province included
1792-544: A passenger assistance office (PAO), ticket purchasing areas (ticket counters and/or ticket machines), and at least one stall that sells food and drinks. Terminal stations also have a public relations office. Stores and ATMs are usually found at street level outside the station, although there are instances where they can be found within the concourse. Some stations, such as Monumento, Libertad and Araneta Center-Cubao , are directly connected to shopping malls . Line 2 stations have two restrooms, but Line 1 restrooms have been
1920-419: A passenger through the turnstile . The ejected ticket is then retrieved while passing through so that it can be used at the exit turnstile at the destination station to leave the premises. Tickets are captured by the exit turnstiles to be reused by the system if they no longer have any value. If it is a stored value ticket with some value remaining, however, it is once again ejected by the fare gate to be taken by
2048-466: A picture of the incumbent president , though some ticket designs have done away with this practice. Single journey tickets are only valid on the day of purchase and will be unusable afterward. They expire if not used to exit the same station after 30 minutes from entry or if not used to exit the system after 120 minutes from entry. If the ticket expires, the passenger will be required to buy a new one. Stored value tickets are usable on both lines although
2176-576: A position of authority recognized under international military law. The City of Greater Manila served as a model for the present-day Metro Manila and the administrative functions of the Governor of Metro Manila that was established during the Marcos administration. After World War II, in 1945, President Sergio Osmeña signed Executive Order No. 58, which dissolved the city of Greater Manila instituted by former President Quezon. World War II resulted in
2304-590: A relatively lengthy wet season that covers the remaining period with slightly cooler temperatures. In the wet season, it rarely rains all day, but rainfall is very heavy during short periods. Typhoons usually occur from June to September. There are four national parks in Metro Manila. These are the Rizal Park , Paco Park , and Fort Santiago in the City of Manila and Quezon Memorial National Park in Quezon City . Rizal Park and Paco Park are managed by
2432-433: A safe system to travel on, and despite some incidents a World Bank paper prepared by Halcrow deemed the running of metro rail transit operations overall as "good". Safety notices in both English and Tagalog are a common sight at the stations and inside the trains. Security guards with megaphones can be seen at boarding areas asking crowds to move back from the warning tiles at the edge of platforms to avoid falling onto
2560-478: A station's paid area, passengers have to exit and then pay a new fare for the line they are entering. This is also the case on the Yellow Line when changing boarding platforms to catch trains going in the opposite direction. Both lines use two different fare structures: one for single journey cards and another for stored value (Beep) cards. Students, senior citizens, and persons with disabilities are entitled to
2688-549: A threat as well. Flooding is recurrent every year especially in low-lying areas of Valenzuela , Malabon , Caloocan , Navotas , Manila , Pasay , Parañaque , and Las Piñas , where flood are generally linked with the tidal movements in Manila Bay . Meanwhile, Marikina , Pasig , Taguig , and Pateros are areas inland that are also prone to flooding. These areas are located along the Marikina Valley where there
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#17327983880332816-474: A top speed of 80 kilometers per hour (50 mph) and usually take around forty minutes to journey from one end of the line to the other. Each train measures 3.2 meters (10 ft 6 in) wide and 92.6 meters (303 ft 10 in) long allowing a capacity of 1,628 passengers: 232 seated and 1,396 standing. Twenty sliding doors per side facilitate quick entry and exit. The line's trains also feature air conditioning, driverless automatic train operation from
2944-490: A twenty-percent discount . Before 2001, passengers on Line 1 would purchase a token to enter the station. Subsequent upgrades in the fare collection system eventually transitioned the Yellow Line from a token-based system to a ticket-based system, with full conversion to a ticket-based system achieved on September 9, 2001. Starting September 2015, the old magnetic tickets were decommissioned and replaced by contactless-based smart card technology by IDEMIA . Passengers can enter
3072-438: Is Filipino for "a new hope" as a way for its early residents to signify the hope for a better life. It was said to have originated from a speech of then- President Ramon Magsaysay , who was also responsible for the relocation program itself, as he was quoted for saying, "there is new hope" for the Philippines. The residential development was incorporated as a barrio through Quezon City Ordinance No. 4386 series of 1960, which
3200-545: Is divided into four geographic areas called "districts". The districts have their district centers at the four original cities in the region: the city-district of Manila (Capital District), Quezon City (Eastern Manila), Caloocan (Northern Manila, also informally known as Camanava ), and Pasay (Southern Manila). The districts serve mainly to organize the region's local government units for fiscal and statistical purposes. Manila Light Rail Transit System The Manila Light Rail Transit System , commonly known as
3328-596: Is expected to be completed by December 2029. The new Barangay and SK Councils were elected on October 31, 2023. The seat of government of Bagong Pag-asa is located at the intersection of Road 9 and Road 11. Barangay Bagong Pag-asa is the 27th most-populated barangay in Quezon City, with a population of 29,389 according to the 2020 census, up from a population of 32,267 in the 2015 census. Metro Manila Metropolitan Manila ( Filipino : Kalakhang Maynila ), commonly shortened to Metro Manila and formally
3456-738: Is more akin to the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao . Metro Manila, the National Capital Region, is the seat of the national government. All the main offices of the executive departments of the country are in Metro Manila. The Department of Agrarian Reform , Department of Agriculture , Department of Environment and Natural Resources , National Housing Authority and Philippine Coconut Authority has their main offices based around Quezon Memorial Circle in Quezon City . Manila ,
3584-495: Is now considered Luzon island, or at least its southern portion, was called "Luzon the greater", while what is now considered Mindoro island was called "Luzon the lesser". Manila has historically been a global city due to its role for international trade. By the 15th and 16th centuries, Manila was a walled and fortified city and was the capital of the Kingdom of Luzon. Its institution, government, and economy were associated with
3712-476: Is poor soil drainage and a shallow water table due to being in proximity to Laguna Bay's shores. Flood risks are generally lower in cities along the Guadalupe Plateau, including Quezon City , San Juan , Makati , Mandaluyong and Muntinlupa , where volcanic rocks rise up to 40 to 70 meters (130 to 230 ft) above sea level. Around five to seven typhoons hit Manila yearly. Manila was ranked as
3840-633: Is set on resolving this problem. The network consists of two lines: the original Line 1 or Green Line, and the more modern Line 2, or Blue Line. Line 1 is aligned in a general north–south direction along over 25.9 kilometers (16.1 mi) of fully elevated track. From Monumento it runs south above the hustle and bustle of Rizal and Taft Avenues along grade-separated concrete viaducts allowing exclusive right-of-way before ending in Baclaran . A three-station east–west extension along Epifanio de los Santos Avenue that will connect Monumento to
3968-590: Is standard practice for bags to be inspected upon entry into stations by guards equipped with hand-held metal detectors . Those who refuse to submit to such inspection may be denied entry. Since May 1, 2007, the LRTA has enforced a policy against making false bomb threats , a policy already enforced at airports nationwide. Those who make such threats can face penalties in violation of Presidential Decree No. 1727, as well as face legal action. Posted notices on station walls and inside trains remind passengers to be careful and be wary of criminals who may take advantage of
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4096-453: Is the home to all embassies in the Philippines, thereby making it an important center for international diplomacy in the country. Its economic power makes the region the country's premier center for finance and commerce. The region accounts for 36% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of the Philippines. Greater Manila is the fourth largest ASEAN country subdivision by GDP after Singapore , Jakarta and Bangkok . In 1975, in response to
4224-551: The ₱ 60 billion Line 1 south extension project was approved by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA). In line with this, in October 2014, the operations and maintenance of Line 1 was awarded to the Light Rail Manila Corporation (LRMC), a joint venture company of Metro Pacific's Metro Pacific Light Rail Corporation (MPLRC), Ayala Corporation's AC Infrastructure Holdings Corporation (AC Infra), and
4352-464: The Compañia de los Tranvias de Filipinas to operate the concession granted by the Spanish colonial government. The Malacañan Palace line was later replaced with a line linking Manila to Malabon , and construction began in 1885. Four German-made steam-operated locomotives and eight coaches for nine passengers each, composed the initial assets of the company. The Manila-Malabon line was the first line of
4480-594: The Department of Science and Technology is based in Taguig while the Department of Tourism has its headquarters in Makati . Important economic and financial institutions headquartered in the region are the Asian Development Bank , Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas , Development Bank of the Philippines , Land Bank of the Philippines and the National Economic and Development Authority . The main office of
4608-1016: The Government Service Insurance System in Pasay serves as home to the Senate of the Philippines . Meanwhile, the House of Representatives of the Philippines is based in the Batasang Pambansa Complex , Quezon City along with the Sandiganbayan . The Coconut Palace once served as the official office and residence of the Vice President of the Philippines in 2010–2016 and then the Quezon City Reception House for 2016-2022. The political and administrative boundaries of
4736-546: The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) to conduct a separate transport study. Prepared between 1971 and 1973, the JICA study proposed a series of circumferential and radial roads, an inner-city rapid transit system, a commuter railway, and an expressway with three branches. After further examination, many recommendations were adopted; however, none of them involved rapid transit and
4864-517: The Kidney Center of the Philippines are all constructed precisely for this purpose. The capital of the Philippines was re-designated to Manila in 1976 through Presidential Decree No. 940. The decree states that Manila has always been, to the Filipino people and in the eyes of the world, the premier city of the Philippines, being the center of trade, commerce, education, and culture. While
4992-557: The LRT , is an urban rail transit system that primarily serves Metro Manila , Philippines. Although categorized as a light rail system because it originally used light rail vehicles, it presently has characteristics of a rapid transit system, such as high passenger throughput, exclusive right-of-way, and later use of full metro rolling stock. The LRT is jointly-operated by the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA),
5120-613: The Line 3 —also known as the new Yellow Line, a similar but separate metro rail system operated by the private Metro Rail Transit Corporation (MRTC)—the system provides the platform for the vast majority of rail travel in the Metro Manila area. Together with the PNR, the three constitute the SRTS. Recto and Doroteo Jose serve as the sole interchange between both lines of the LRTA. Araneta Center-Cubao and EDSA stations serve as interchanges between
5248-692: The Marikina River provides water for industrial uses and discharge. The Laguna Lowlands is not only suitable for agriculture and aquaculture but also for industrial activity. Metro Manila is exposed to multiple natural hazards such as earthquakes , floods , and typhoons . It is surrounded by active faults including the Marikina Valley Fault System . Other distant faults such as the Philippine Faults , Lubang Faults, Manila Trench and Casiguran Faults, are
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5376-904: The National Capital Region ( NCR ; Filipino: Pambansang Punong Rehiyon ), is the capital region and largest metropolitan area of the Philippines . Located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay , the region lies between the Central Luzon and Calabarzon regions. Encompassing an area of 636.00 km (245.56 sq mi) and with a population of 13,484,462 as of 2020, it consists of sixteen highly urbanized cities : Manila —the capital city— Caloocan , Las Piñas , Makati , Malabon , Mandaluyong , Marikina , Muntinlupa , Navotas , Parañaque , Pasay , Pasig , Quezon City , San Juan , Taguig , and Valenzuela , along with one independent municipality, Pateros . As
5504-521: The North Avenue station was opened in 2010, although the common station is still under construction. Including the extension's two recently opened stations, Balintawak and Roosevelt , Line 1 has twenty stations. Line 2 consists of thirteen stations in a general east–west direction over 17.6 kilometers (10.9 mi) of mostly elevated track, with one station lying underground. Commencing in Recto ,
5632-693: The Octopus card in Hong Kong and the EZ-Link card in Singapore , was made a goal of the SRTS. In a transitional move towards such a unified ticketing system, the Flash Pass was implemented on April 19, 2004, as a stopgap measure. However, plans for a unified ticketing system using smart cards have languished, leaving the Flash Pass to fill the role for the foreseeable future. Originally sold by both
5760-628: The Southern Tagalog region being designated as Region IV-A. Finally, in 1978, Metro Manila became the National Capital Region (NCR) of the Philippines, discontinuing its numerical designation and reverting it to Southern Tagalog. Manila , to the extent that it has this placename, was likely founded in the Middle Ages, or between 400 and 1500s, due to the Sanskrit origin of the component "nila" in its name which refers to "indigo", and
5888-472: The automatic train control system, which has three subsystems: automatic train protection (ATP), automatic train operation (ATO), and automatic train supervision (ATS). The ATO subsystem automatically drives the trains, while the opening and closing of doors is controlled by an onboard train attendant. It is a track circuit -based system with equipment supplied by Westinghouse Signals (later Siemens Mobility ). The system has always presented itself as
6016-405: The 1500s had also been taking part in mercenary work in other kingdoms. The Luzonians' commercial influence also reached as far as Butuan. By the 1570s, the ruling class of Manila together with the international Luzonian merchants were Muslim and Islam was spreading through the freemen and the slaves. On May 24, 1570, the battle of Manila was fought between the Kingdom of Luzon, under the command of
6144-709: The American takeover of the Philippines, the Philippine Commission allowed the Manila Electric Railroad and Light Company (Meralco) to take over the properties of the Compañia de los Tranvias de Filipinas , with the first of twelve mandated electric tranvia (tram) lines operated by MERALCO opening in Manila in 1905. At the end of the first year around 63 kilometers (39 mi) of track had been laid. A five-year reconstruction program
6272-529: The Coastal Margin, Guadalupe Plateau, Marikina Valley, and the Laguna Lowlands. The Coastal Margin or Lowland is a flat and low plain that faces Manila Bay . Located here is Manila , Navotas , parts of Malabon , and the western part and reclaimed areas of Pasay and Parañaque , where the ground elevation ranges from zero meters on Manila Bay to five meters (16 ft) at the west side of
6400-607: The Dominicans during the Spanish colonial period. Filipino Landscape architect IP Santos , the "Father of Philippine Landscape Architecture", was commissioned to do the design of converting the former cemetery into a park. Manila Zoo is the oldest zoo in Asia, which was founded in 1959. It is the home to more than a thousand animals from 90 different species including the 40-year-old elephant, Mali. The zoo has an average of 4,000 visitors weekly. An estimated 40,000 tourists visit
6528-664: The Green Line (formerly known as the Yellow Line), opened in 1984 and travels a north–south route. Line 2 , the Blue Line (formerly, the Purple Line), was completed in 2004 and runs east–west. The original Line 1 was built as a no-frills means of public transport and lacks some features and comforts, but the newer Line 2 has been built with additional standards and criteria in mind like barrier-free access. In 2022,
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#17327983880336656-746: The LRTA and the MRTC networks. To transfer lines, passengers will need to exit from the station they are in then pass through covered walkways connecting the stations. Blumentritt station meanwhile is immediately above its PNR counterpart . Baclaran, Central Terminal , and Monumento are Line 1's three terminal stations; Recto, Araneta Center-Cubao, and Antipolo are the terminal stations on Line 2. All of them are located on or near major transport routes where passengers can take other forms of transportation such as privately run buses and jeepneys to reach their ultimate destination both within Metro Manila and in neighboring provinces. The system has two depots: Line 1 uses
6784-547: The LRTA made a profit of ₱68 million, the first time the agency made a profit since the Line 1 became operational in 1984. A two-station, 3.8-kilometer (2.4 mi) extension of Line 2 eastward from Marikina up to Masinag, Antipolo in the province of Rizal opened to the public on July 5, 2021, six years after construction began in 2015. First proposed by SNC-Lavalin , the south extension of Line 1 has 8 stations over 11.7 kilometers (7 mi) ending in Bacoor in
6912-468: The Line 1, and all Line 2 stations are composed of two levels: a lower concourse level and an upper platform level (reversed in the case of Katipunan). Fare gates separate the concourse level from the stairs and escalators that provide access to the platform level. All stations have side platforms except for Baclaran, which has one side and one island platform , and Santolan, which has an island platform. The concourse area at LRTA stations typically contain
7040-805: The Line 1, runs heavy rail metro cars made in South Korea by Hyundai Rotem and provided by the Asia-Europe MRT Consortium led by Marubeni Corporation that have higher passenger capacity and maximum speed. All five types of rolling stock are powered by electricity supplied through overhead wires. Of the two LRTA lines, the Line 2 prominently employs wrap advertising in its rolling stock. The Line 1 have begun using wrap advertising as well initially for their second-generation trains, followed by their third and fourth-generation trains. Line 1 at various stages in its history has used two-car, three-car, and four-car trains. The two-car trains are
7168-616: The Manila Bay Beach Resort. Rizal Park , also known as Luneta Park, is considered the largest urban park in Asia with an area of 58 hectares (140 acres). The park along with the historic walled area of Intramuros are designated as flagship destination to become a tourism enterprise zone according to the Tourism Act of 2009. Paco Park is a recreational garden which was once the city's municipal cemetery built by
7296-400: The National Capital Region has not changed since its formation in 1975 as a public corporation under Presidential Decree No. 824. They are composed of sixteen independent cities , classified as highly urbanized cities , and one independent municipality: Pateros . Unlike other administrative regions in the Philippines, Metro Manila is not composed of provinces . Instead, the region
7424-847: The National Parks and Development Committee (NPDC), while Fort Santiago is managed by the Intramuros Administration . A tripartite agreement between the Quezon City Government, the National Historical Institute and the NPDC transferred the management of Quezon Memorial National Park to the Quezon City Government. The region also has three protected areas , namely the Rizal Park, Ninoy Aquino Parks & Wildlife Center and
7552-408: The Operations Control Center (OCC) in Santolan, low-noise control, enabled electric and hydraulic braking , and closed-circuit television inside the trains. Special open spaces and seats are designated for wheelchair users and elderly passengers, and automatic next station announcements are made for the convenience of passengers, especially for the blind. An additional fourteen four-car trains for
7680-410: The Pasay Depot at LRTA headquarters in Pasay, near Baclaran station, while the Line 2 uses the Santolan Depot built by Sumitomo in Pasig. Both lines are open every day of the year from 4:30 am PST ( UTC +8) until 10:15 pm on weekdays, and from 5:00 am until 9:50 pm on weekends, except when changes have been announced. During Holy Week , a public holiday in the Philippines ,
7808-423: The Philippine Investment Alliance for Infrastructure's Macquarie Infrastructure Holdings (Philippines) PTE Ltd. (MIHPL). The 32-year concession agreement took effect on September 12, 2015. The groundbreaking ceremony of the south extension took place on May 4, 2017, with construction beginning in 2019. The first five stations (from Redemptorist station to Dr. Santos station ) opened on November 16, 2024, while
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#17327983880337936-600: The Philippine government, with one of the project's backhoe loaders being set on fire by protesters. The first section of the line, from Santolan to Araneta Center-Cubao, was opened on April 5, 2003. The second section, from Araneta Center-Cubao to Legarda , was opened exactly a year later, with the entire line being fully operational by October 29, 2004 During that time the Line 1 was modernized. Automated fare collection systems using magnetic stripe plastic tickets were installed; air-conditioned trains added; pedestrian walkways between Lines 1, 2, and 3 were completed. In 2005,
8064-411: The Philippines submitted a proposal for a Manila streetcar system. The system proposed was a five-line network emanating from Plaza San Gabriel in Binondo , running to Intramuros , Malate , Malacañan Palace , Sampaloc and Tondo . The project was approved and in 1882, Spanish-German businessman Jacobo Zóbel de Zangroniz , Spanish engineer Luciano M. Bremon , and Spanish banker Adolfo Bayo , founded
8192-418: The Portuguese conquest of Melaka in 1511. In 1521, Raja Matanda, then still a young man, was known in maritime Southeast Asia as the son of the King of Luzon. He married a princess of Brunei and served as an admiral for his grandfather, the Sultan of Brunei, in an attack near Java in exchange for soldiers and a fleet of ships. On the way home, he met and had an encounter with a Castilian fleet. Some Luzonians in
8320-685: The Tagalogs and the Kapampangans, and the Malay language was extensively used for foreign affairs as customary in much of Southeast Asia at the time. It was also well known by other Southeast Asian kingdoms such as Cebu, Brunei, Melaka, other Malay kingdoms, and Ternate, and may be known in East Asia as far as China and Japan. In the current territory of Metropolitan Manila, there were several lordships that were either sovereign or tributary such as Tondo ( Tundók ), Malate ( Maalát ), Navotas ( Nabútas ), Tambobong ( Tambúbong ), Taguig ( Tagiig ), Parañaque ( Palanyág ), Cainta ( Kay Intâ ), and Pateros. Shortly after Raja Matanda's birth, sometime around
8448-412: The appropriate fare for the station of arrival from the station of departure, as a full fare. Stored value tickets are not reloadable and are captured by the fare gate after the last use. They expire six months after the date of first use. Tickets are used both to enter and exit the paid area of the system. A ticket inserted into a fare gate at the station of origin is processed and then ejected allowing
8576-470: The areas around the University of the Philippines Diliman campus and other places in the city, while others moved to the Malate district of the City of Manila . As army engineers, the Philippine Homesite and Housing Corporation, and other government entities implemented the relocation and settlement of the informal settlers, the development was named the Bago Bantay District or Magsaysay District. It eventually became known as Bagong Pag-asa , which
8704-447: The boarding platforms in addition to escalators and elevators. In cooperation with the Philippine Daily Inquirer , copies of the Inquirer Libre —a free, tabloid -size, Tagalog version of the Inquirer broadsheet —are available at selected LRTA stations from 6:00 am until the supply runs out. Five types of rolling stock run on the system, with four types used on Line 1 and another used on Line 2. The Line 2, unlike
8832-471: The capacity of the line from 27,000 to 40,000 passengers per hour per direction. As part of the south extension of the line, 30 new trains built in Spain and Mexico by Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles and Mitsubishi Corporation were procured in 2017. The trains entered service in 2023. Line 2 fleet runs eighteen heavy rail four-car trains with lightweight stainless car bodies and alternating current traction motors . They have
8960-469: The capital city of the country, is the home to Malacañan Palace , the official residence and office of the President of the Philippines . The city is also the home to the Supreme Court of the Philippines . Other key national institutions based in Manila are the Court of Appeals , the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas , and the Departments of Budget and Management , Finance , Health , Justice , Labor and Employment and Public Works and Highways . Meanwhile,
9088-423: The cities of Mandaluyong and Makati . The Coastal Lowland possesses resources for offshore fisheries and fishpond development, and various reclamation projects in the area are meant for mixed-use urban development. The Central or Guadalupe Plateau is the most adaptable to urban development activities not only because of its solid geographical foundations but also because of its existing infrastructure links with
9216-476: The cities of Manila and Quezon City, along with the municipalities of Caloocan , Makati , Mandaluyong , Parañaque , Pasay , and San Juan . Jorge Vargas was appointed as its first mayor. Mayors in the cities and municipalities included in the City of Greater Manila served as assistant mayors in their town. This was to ensure that Vargas, who was Quezon's principal lieutenant for administrative matters, would have
9344-544: The city's many intersections. However, the revisions increased the price of the project from ₱1.5 billion to ₱2 billion. A supplementary study was conducted and completed within three months. President Ferdinand Marcos created the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) on July 12, 1980, by virtue of Executive Order No. 603 giving birth to what was then dubbed the "Metrorail". First Lady Imelda Marcos , then governor of Metro Manila and minister of human settlements, became its first chairman. Although responsible for
9472-411: The city's primary form of transportation, plying the routes once served by the tram lines. With the return of buses and cars to the streets, traffic congestion became a problem. In 1966, the Philippine government granted a franchise to Philippine Monorail Transport Systems (PMTS) for the operation of an inner-city monorail . The monorail's feasibility was still being evaluated when the government asked
9600-621: The crowding aboard the trains. To address concerns of inappropriate contact on crowded trains, the first coach of Line 1 and Line 2 trains have been designated for PWDs and females only . In 2003, the Manila Light Rail Transit System was one of the least expensive rapid transit systems in Southeast Asia , costing significantly less to ride than other systems in the region. Unlike other transportation systems, in which transfer to another line occurs within
9728-514: The current territory of Metropolitan Manila, the towns of Caloocan , Las Piñas , Mariquina (now Marikina), Pasig , Parañaque , Malabon , Navotas , San Juan del Monte (now San Juan), San Pedro de Macati (now Makati), San Felipe Neri (now Mandaluyong), Muntinlupa and the Taguig - Pateros area were designated to Rizal, with Pasig being the provincial capital. On the other hand, Polo (now Valenzuela) remained in Bulacan . Manila in 1901
9856-693: The departure of one and the arrival of another, called headway , is a minimum of 3–4 minutes. On January 9, 2009, Line 1 fielded 31 trains with a headway of 2 minutes to service devotees in celebration of the Feast of the Black Nazarene . Line 2 on the other hand, runs 10 trains at most with a minimum headway of 5 minutes. With the proper upgrades, Line 1 is designed to potentially run with headway as low as 1.5 minutes. Line 2 can run with headway as low as 2 minutes with throughput of up to 60,000 passengers per hour per direction (pphpd). In conjunction with
9984-628: The early 1500s while he was raja muda or heir apparent, his father, the King of Luzon, died, leaving his mother as Queen Regent of Luzon. By 1511, Luzonians had been carrying out large-scale trade at least within maritime Southeast Asia with some Luzonians being hired as officials in Melaka and some Luzonian merchants gaining royal favors in Brunei. It was in Melaka that Luzonians met the Portuguese before
10112-472: The east extension and the future west extension are currently in the process of being procured. The system has used various signalling systems throughout its history. The original signalling system used in the LRT Line 1 was based on fixed block and relay type trackside systems. Trains had an automatic train stop system that activates if the train passes by a red signal or over-speeding. In 2007, as part of
10240-635: The entire Vertis North development of Ayala Malls , the Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center and the PAGASA Garden are all found inside the Triangle Park. The SM North EDSA complex is predominantly located within the barangay, excluding The Annex which is under the jurisdiction of Barangay Sto. Cristo. It will be further expanded in size once the five Business Process Outsourcing and hotel towers are completed, replacing
10368-586: The first meeting of the MMDA Council of mayors in January 2015, he would push for the inclusion of the city to the MMDA . Senator Aquilino "Koko" Pimentel III filed Senate Bill No. 3029, which seeks to create San Pedro as a separate legislative district to commence in the next national and local elections if the bill was passed into law. In April 2022, Makati lost the territorial dispute with Taguig, which
10496-738: The former site of the Super Sale Club. Bagong Lipunan Pag-asa Condominiums , an Urban Bliss site and Golden Acres (Home for the Aged), projects of former First Lady Imelda Romualdez-Marcos during her husband's presidency are both located behind the SM North EDSA complex. Upon the completion of the Unified Grand Central Station , it will connect the existing stations of the LRT Line 1 and MRT Line 3 to
10624-568: The front coach of a Line 1 train pulling into Blumentritt station, killing 11 and injuring over 60 people in the most devastating of a series of attacks that day, now known as the Rizal Day bombings . With Japan's ODA amounting to 75 billion yen in total, the construction of Line 2 began in the 1990s. In 2001, the Legarda portion of the project was briefly the site of the May 1 riots against
10752-569: The heir apparent Prince Sulayman, and the Kingdom of the Spains and the Indies, under the command of field marshal Martin de Goiti who was aided by some foreign forces. This resulted in the arson and destruction of Manila. After destroying Manila, the Spanish set up a settlement to secure territory on the same site on the Luzon island for the Spanish ruler. Initially enclosed in wood, much later in stone,
10880-429: The last car of each train as "green zones", where folding bicycle users can ride with their bikes, provided that it does not exceed the LRTA's baggage size limitations of 2 by 2 feet (20 by 20 in). Originally, Line 1 was not built with accessibility in mind. This is reflected in the Line 1's lack of barrier-free facilities such as escalators and elevators. It is also inconvenient in other ways: for one, because of
11008-486: The line follows a corridor defined by Claro M. Recto and Legarda Avenues, Ramon Magsaysay and Aurora Boulevard , and the Marikina-Infanta Highway before reaching the other end of the line at Antipolo . The system passes through the cities of Caloocan , Manila , Marikina , Pasay , Pasig , Quezon City , and San Juan . During peak hours, Line 1 fields 30 trains at most; the time interval between
11136-669: The line: 63 of these are first-generation cars, 28 second-generation, 48 third-generation, and 120 fourth-generation. One train car (1037) was severely damaged in the Rizal Day bombings and was subsequently decommissioned. The maximum speed of these cars ranges between 60 and 70 kilometers per hour (37 and 43 mph). As part of the second phase of expansion on the Yellow Line, 12 trains made in Japan by Kinki Sharyo and Nippon Sharyo were shipped and entered revenue service in 2006. The air-conditioned trains have boosted
11264-516: The loss of more than 100,000 lives in the battle of Manila in 1945. Most of the developments in Burnham's design were also destroyed. Later on, Quezon City was eventually declared as the national capital in 1948 and later expanded to the areas formerly under the jurisdiction of Caloocan, Marikina, and San Mateo, Rizal . On November 7, 1975, Metro Manila was formally established through Presidential Decree No. 824. The Metropolitan Manila Commission
11392-542: The monorail was never built. PMTS' franchise subsequently expired in 1974. Another study was performed between 1976 and 1977, this time by Freeman Fox and Associates and funded by the World Bank . It originally suggested a street-level railway, but its recommendations were revised by the newly formed Ministry of Transportation and Communications (now the DOTr ). The ministry instead called for an elevated system because of
11520-399: The need to sustain and provide integrated services to the growing population, the built-up area centered on Manila was formally recognized as a metropolitan area through Presidential Decree No. 824. A year later, Presidential Decree No. 879 established Metro Manila as an administrative region, retaining its earlier status as a metropolis, and was designated as Region IV, with the remainder of
11648-438: The new system to be finished, opening to the public on October 20, 1888, with the rest of the network opening in 1889. From the beginning it proved to be a very popular line, with services originating from Tondo as early as 5:30 a.m. and ending at 7:30 p.m., while trips from Malabon were from 6:00 a.m. until 8:00 p.m., every hour on the hour in the mornings, and every half-hour beginning at 1:30 p.m. With
11776-443: The next few years Line 1 operations ran smoothly. In 2000, however, employees of METRO Inc. went on strike, paralyzing Line 1 operations from July 25 to August 2, 2000. Consequently, the LRTA did not renew its operating contract with METRO Inc. that expired on July 31, 2000, and assumed all operational responsibility. At around 12:15 pm on December 30, 2000, a bomb—later learned to have been planted by Islamic terrorists—went off in
11904-594: The northwest; Phil-Am in the west; West Triangle in the southwest; and South Triangle in the south. The land that is now occupied by the barangay was a cogon grassland with rice paddies, bamboo groves, and fruit-bearing trees that were said to be part of the Diliman Estate, a 1,600 ha (16 km) property then in Caloocan owned by the Tuazon family that was sold to the Philippine government in 1938. It
12032-635: The northwestern side of the plateau. The area becomes narrower along the Pasig River . The Marikina Valley is a floodplain along the Marikina River and a delta along Laguna de Bay . Its elevation ranges from two meters (6 ft 7 in) on the Laguna de Bay side to 30 meters (98 ft) on its north side towards Montalban. It is surrounded by the Central Plateau and mountains of Rizal. It has fertile land suitable for crop cultivation while
12160-468: The objective of replacing Manila as the capital city of the Philippines. A design for Quezon City was completed. The establishment of Quezon City meant the abandonment of Burnham's design for Manila, with funds being diverted for the establishment of the new capital In 1942, during the World War II , President Manuel L. Quezon created the City of Greater Manila as an emergency measure, merging
12288-577: The operations of the system, the LRTA primarily confined itself to setting and regulating fares, planning extensions and determining rules and policies, leaving the day-to-day operations to a sister company of Meralco called the Meralco Transit Organization (METRO Inc.). Initial assistance for the project came in the form of a ₱300 million soft loan from the Belgian government, with an additional ₱700 million coming from
12416-488: The original first-generation BN ( 1000 ) trains. Most were transformed into three-car trains, although a lot of two-car trains remain in service. The four-car trains are the more modern second-generation Hyundai Precision and Adtranz ( 1100 ), the third-generation Kinki Sharyo / Nippon Sharyo ( 1200 ), and the fourth-generation Mitsubishi / Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles ( 13000 ) trains. There are 259 railway cars grouped into 70 trains serving
12544-425: The passenger for future use. Despite the common practice for regular passengers to purchase several stored-value tickets at a time, the line barely has ticket shortages due to the inter-compatibility of tickets with the LRTA lines and the steady release of new tickets that addresses the problem. To better integrate the LRTA and MRTC networks, a unified ticketing system utilizing contactless smart cards , similar to
12672-482: The prevalence of the placename during the rule of Raja Matanda, the old King of Luzon, who was born in the early 1500s. The earliest evidence of Hinduism and Sanskrit influence in maritime Southeast Asia is in Sanskrit inscriptions from the late 300s in eastern Kalimantan (or Borneo). This analysis of the placename is supported by many other nearby placenames in the Tagalog region with the prefix "may-". As for Luzon, what
12800-510: The principles of decentralization and devolution of power. This situation presents a challenge to the coordination of policy and service delivery across the multiple autonomous local government units and is thus the underlying dilemma of metropolitan governance in Metro Manila. The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) is the agency responsible for the delivery of public services in Metro Manila. Its services are limited to traffic management and garbage collection. Previously Metro Manila
12928-550: The province of Cavite . After Lavalin's bid was rejected by the Philippine government in 2005, the government worked with advisers ( International Finance Corporation , White & Case , Halcrow, and others) to conduct an open-market invitation to tender for the construction of the extension and a 30-year concession to run it. An additional extension from Bacoor to Imus and from there a further extension to Dasmariñas , both in Cavite, are also being considered. On March 22, 2012,
13056-544: The rail system is closed for annual maintenance, owing to fewer commuters and traffic around the metro. Normal operation resumes on Monday. During the Christmas and year-end holidays , operating hours are shortened due to low ridership. Notice of special schedules is given through press releases, via the public address system in every station, and on the LRTA and LRMC websites. The system's roots date back to 1878 when an official from Spain's Department of Public Works for
13184-404: The rest of Luzon. It is mainly residential and includes the densely populated areas of Metro Manila such San Juan , Makati and Quezon City , as well as most parts of Caloocan and Mandaluyong . The ground elevation ranges from 20 to 40 meters (66 to 131 ft) and gradually becomes lower towards its western side, while ground elevation ranges from 70 to 100 meters (230 to 330 ft) towards
13312-428: The rest of the Philippines, Manila lies entirely within the tropics. Its proximity to the equator means that temperatures are hot year-round, rarely going below 15 °C or above 39 °C. Temperature extremes have ranged from 14.4 °C on January 11, 1914, to 38.8 °C on April 27, 2024. Humidity levels are usually very high all year round. Manila has a distinct dry season from December through April, and
13440-666: The second and third phases (from Zapote until Niog , hampered by right-of-way issues, will start operations in 2031. With the exception of Katipunan (which is underground), the LRTA's 33 stations are elevated. They follow one of two different layouts. Most Line 1 stations are composed of only one level, accessible from the street below by stairway, containing the station's concourse and platform areas separated by fare gates . The boarding platforms are 100 meters (328 ft 1 in) long and 3.5 meters (11 ft 6 in) wide. Baclaran , Central Terminal , Carriedo , Balintawak , Fernando Poe Jr. and North Avenue stations on
13568-541: The second most populous and the most densely populated region in the Philippines, it ranks as the 9th most populous metropolitan area in Asia and the 6th most populous urban area in the world . The region is the center of culture (including arts and entertainment), economy , education and government of the Philippines . Designated as a global power city , the region exerts a significant impact on commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, both locally and internationally. It
13696-453: The second riskiest capital city after Tokyo to live in according to Swiss Re . According to the Köppen climate classification , there are two climates in Metro Manila. Most of the region has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen climate classification Aw) while the northeastern part of the region that lies on the foothills of Sierra Madre has a tropical monsoon climate . Together with
13824-538: The soon-to-be-completed MRT Line 7 and the planned Metro Manila Subway . The Quezon Avenue Station construction occupies a 1.8 hectares lot in Bagong Pag-asa and Pinyahan . The Metro Manila Subway Contract Package 102 costs P 21.2 billion of the Build Better More . It has at 2 underground stations at Quezon Avenue and East Avenue with a length of 3.2 km. The project commenced o May 2023 and
13952-640: The structure of the Metropolitan Manila Commission and renamed it to the Metropolitan Manila Authority. Mayors in the metropolis chose from among themselves the chair of the agency. Later on, it was again reorganized in 1995 through Republic Act No. 7924, creating the present-day Metropolitan Manila Development Authority . The chairperson of the agency would be appointed by the President and should not have
14080-403: The subject of criticism not only because of the provisioning of a single washroom at each station expected to serve all passengers (whether male, female, disabled or otherwise), but also because of the impression that the lavatories are poorly maintained and unsanitary. Folding bicycles are allowed to be brought inside the trains to promote bimodal transportation . The LRTA has also designated
14208-530: The system paid areas with either a single journey or stored value Beep Card . The Beep Card can be used on all LRT and MRT lines. Tickets can be sold from ticket booths staffed by station agents or from ticket machines . Previously, the system uses two types of tickets: a single journey (one-way) ticket whose cost is dependent on the destination, and a stored value (multiple-use) ticket available for ₱100. Senior citizens and disabled passengers can receive fare discounts as mandated by law. Tickets would normally bear
14336-484: The system served 305,264 passengers on average. Security guards at each station conduct inspections and provide assistance. A reusable plastic magnetic ticketing system has replaced the previous token-based system in 2001, and the Flash Pass was introduced as a step towards a more integrated transportation system. In 2015, the plastic magnetic tickets were replaced with the Beep , a contactless smart card, introduced to provide
14464-644: The system would lose money until at least 1993. For the first year of operation, despite a projected ₱365 million in gross revenue, losses of ₱216 million were thought likely. Construction of Line 1 started in September 1981 with the Construction and Development Corporation of the Philippines (now the Philippine National Construction Corporation ) as the contractor with assistance from Losinger & Cie,
14592-474: The system. The Philippine National Police has a special police force assigned at both lines. and security police provided by private companies are assigned to all stations with each having a designated head guard. Closed-circuit televisions have been installed to monitor stations and keep track of suspicious activities. To better prepare for and improve response to any adverse incidents, drills simulating terror attacks and earthquakes have been conducted. It
14720-586: The then-newly formed region was designated as the seat of government . President Marcos was overthrown in a non-violent revolution along EDSA , which lasted four days in late February 1986. The popular uprising, now known as the People Power Revolution , made international headlines as "the revolution that surprised the world". In 1986, President Corazon Aquino laid down the Executive Order No. 392, reorganizing and changing
14848-554: The tracks. In the event of emergencies or unexpected events aboard the train, alerts are used to inform passengers about the current state of the operations. The LRTA uses three alerts: Codes Blue, Yellow, and Red. Smoking, previously banned only at station platforms and inside trains, has been banned at station concourse areas since June 24, 2008. Hazardous chemicals, such as paint and gasoline, as well as sharp pointed objects that could be used as weapons, are forbidden. Full-sized bicycles and skateboards are also not allowed on board
14976-498: The train, however folding bicycles are allowed on both lines as of November 8, 2009. Those under the influence of alcohol may be denied entry into the stations. In response to the Rizal Day bombings , a series of attacks on December 30, 2000, that included the bombing of a Line 1 train among other targets, and in the wake of greater awareness of terrorism following the September 11 attacks , security has been stepped up on board
15104-503: The use of side platforms, passengers wishing to access the other platform for the train bound in the opposite direction at single-level Line 1 stations need to exit the station (and by extension, the system) and pay a new fare. The newer Line 2, unlike its counterpart, is designed to be barrier-free and allows seamless transfer between platforms. Built by a joint venture between Hanjin and Itochu , Line 2 stations have wheelchair ramps, braille markings, and tactile paving leading to and from
15232-436: The walled city of Manila and 23 other municipalities. Mariquina also served as the provincial capital from 1898 to 1899. However, despite almost the entirety of the territory being occupied by Philippine forces, the walled city of Manila was occupied by Spanish forces. During American rule, the province was dissolved and most of it was incorporated into the newly created province of Rizal on June 11, 1901, by Act No. 137. In
15360-610: The zoo each month. La Mesa Ecopark is a 33-hectare well-developed sanctuary around the La Mesa Watershed. It was established through a joint partnership between the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System , ABS-CBN , and the Quezon City Government. La Mesa Ecopark , along with the Ninoy Aquino Parks & Wildlife Center , are important nature reserves in the Philippines. The Las Piñas - Parañaque Critical Habitat and Ecotourism Area (LPPCHEA)
15488-596: Was also created to manage the region. On June 2, 1978, through Presidential Decree No. 1396, the metropolitan area was declared the National Capital Region of the Philippines. When Metro Manila was established, there were four cities, Manila , Quezon City , Caloocan , Pasay and the thirteen municipalities of Las Piñas , Makati , Malabon , Mandaluyong , Marikina , Muntinlupa , Navotas , Parañaque , Pasig , Pateros , San Juan , Taguig , and Valenzuela . At present, all but one of these municipalities have become independent chartered cities; only Pateros still remains as
15616-561: Was approved on April 7, 1960, by Vice Mayor Vicente O. Novales. There was a lack of basic utilities at the time, resulting in drinking water having to be rationed by the city fire department, and its early pioneers had to walk through unpaved road to reach city transportation networks. Barrio Bagong Pag-asa was later recognized as a barangay on June 25, 1975, through Executive Order No. 24 by then-Mayor Norberto S. Amoranto, which converted existing barrios into barangays. Its first barangay elections were held that same year. TriNoma along with
15744-534: Was composed of Binondo , Ermita , Intramuros , Malate , Manila, Pandacan , Quiapo , Sampaloc , San Fernando de Dilao , San Miguel , San Nicolas , Santa Ana de Sapa , Santa Cruz , and Tondo . In the American rule, the American architect Daniel Burnham was commissioned to propose a Plan of Manila for the Philippine government. In 1939, during the Philippine Commonwealth , President Manuel L. Quezon established Quezon City with
15872-776: Was declared as a critical habitat by the Government of the Philippines in 2007 and was listed by the Ramsar Convention as a Wetland of International Importance in 2013. LPPCHEA is composed of the Freedom Island in Parañaque and the Long Island in Las Piñas that covers 175 hectares and features a mangrove forest of eight species, tidal mudflats , secluded ponds with fringing salt-tolerant vegetation,
16000-654: Was governed by a regional government authority, the Metro Manila Commission and was led by a governor . A bill was introduced in 2014 proposing the creation of a new governing body in Metro Manila to be known as the Metropolitan Manila Regional Administration (MMRA). Unlike the MMDA which is limited to being an administrative coordinating body, the proposed MMRA will have police and other typical municipal powers and
16128-510: Was included in the newly-founded Quezon City in 1939. In 1954, the Social Welfare Administration (now the Department of Social Welfare and Development ), offered informal settlers from Barrio Tatalon (now Barangay Tatalon) in Quezon City an opportunity for permanent residential housing in a new residential development north of the area. Some settlers did not move into the new development, and relocated instead to
16256-410: Was initiated in 1920, and by 1924, 170 cars serviced many parts of the city and its outskirts. Although it was an efficient system for the city's 220,000 inhabitants, by the 1930s the streetcar network had stopped expanding. The system was closed during World War II . By the war's end, the tram network was damaged beyond repair amid a city that lay in ruins. It was dismantled and jeepneys became
16384-520: Was ruled with finality a year later in April 2023. Ten barangays, including the Embo barangays, were thus transferred to Taguig . Metro Manila is located in the southwestern portion of Luzon . The region lies along the flat alluvial lands extending from the mouth of the Pasig River in the west to the higher rugged lands of Marikina Valley in the east. The region is geographically divided into 4 zones:
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