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49-533: Between 2002 and 2014, Baidoa was the capital of the South West State. In 2014, the capital was changed to Barawa . Baydhabo is the main hub of the Somali inter-riverine region and state capital of Bay Region. It was traditionally known as Baydhabo Jinaay (the heavenly Baydhabo) or ll Baydhabo (the spring of Baydhabo). The city was founded at the edge of the main highlands known as magniafulka where

98-537: A Tunni clan. After Aw-Ali set the groundwork to his new residence, more Tunni moved in to the area, most of them migrated from inland and ocean shores. Oral history recognizes that this group to be the first inhabitants to live in the city of Brava. The Tunni, composed of five sub-clans (Da'farad, Dakhtira, Goygali, Hajuwa, and Waridi), were the latest to drive the Jiddu into the interior, where they established their own Sultanate called Tunni Sultanate . The Tunni made

147-598: A Tunni saint called Aw-Al became the new capital for the Tunni Sultanate. The town prospered and became one of the major Islamic centers in the Horn , the Barawaani Ulama, attracting students from all over the region. Muslim scholars of that time, such as Ibn Sa'id , wrote about Barawa as "an Islamic island on the Somali coast." Al-Idrisi also described the construction of the coral houses and noted that Barawa

196-609: A coalition of minority clans received a quota of 0.5. The remaining 75 seats were reserved for business people and civil society representatives. Article 29 of the Transitional Federal Charter also stipulated that at least 12% of all parliamentary members had to be women. The first Speaker of the Transitional Federal Parliament was Sharif Hassan Sheikh Aden . He held the position from September 15, 2004 to January 17, 2007, and

245-566: A convention began in Baidoa between Federal Government officials and local representatives with the aim of establishing an autonomous state in the area under the Provision Federal Constitution . Two simultaneous political processes for the establishment of a new Southwestern State of Somalia were underway: one led by former Parliament Speaker Sharif Hassan Sheikh Adan , which proposed a three region state consisting of

294-684: A female poet-saint, Dada Masiti . The city was the stronghold of the Hizbiya Digil-Mirifle (HDM) party, which was founded in 1947; it later became the Hizb al-Dastuur Mustaqil al-Somali where the first Election has taken place in Mogadisho, Hisbia (Xisbiya) and has been elected as the leader of (HDMS) Jeilani Sheikh Bin Sheikh (Somali Independent Constitutional Party, HDMS). Barawa sharply declined after upgraded colonial infrastructure

343-528: A total population of 350,800 residents. The town's majority inhabitants are the Tunni clan, a sub-group of Digil, with a minority of residents are Garre , Sheekhaal, Bravanese . In addition to the standard Bravanese language (Chimini), which is a dialect of Swahili , the Tunni speak Tunni language (a dialect of Somali ) and the remaining people speak the standard Somali language. Transitional Federal Parliament [REDACTED] Member State of

392-675: A treaty with the Jiddu so that Tunni settled on the west bank of the Shabelle and the Jiddu settled on the east bank. Both also agreed to resist foreign penetration, to allow only Seddah Saamood (the three foot-prints, which are the Tuni, the Jiddu, and the wild beasts). However, they did accept the first Muslim migrants, the Hatimi from Yemen and the Amawi from Syria , around the 10th century, for both religious and commercial reasons. Barawa founded by

441-464: Is Ahmed Yusuf, who resides at Galhed, one day's march or less from the latter town. Two days further inland is Dafert, a large town governed by Aweka Haji, his brother. These are the principal towns of the Ruhwaina. At four, five, and six hours respectively from Marka lie the towns of Golveen (Golweyn), Bulo Mareerta , and Addormo, governed by Abobokur Yusuf, another brother who though nominally under

490-450: Is learned via mass communications, internal migration and urbanization. Baidoa has a hot semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSh ), as with much of southern Somalia. By contrast, towns in the northern part of the country generally have a hot arid climate (Köppen BWh ). Baidoa has a large secondary school, from which around 580 pupils graduated per year in 2008. As of 2012, several other high schools were in development. Tertiary education in

539-501: Is said to have solid stone and mortar walls ruins some four foot six inches high in places. This affirms the traditions that Baidoa during Ajuran was a large town and a trading hub center. Baidoa was captured by Sultan Ibrahim Adeer who defeated the Madanle section of Ajuran and expelled them from the region. The city population was eventually replaced by Mirifle and the city reached its golden age under Geledi Sultanate rule. It

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588-536: Is the capital of the South West State of Somalia . It functions as a port town in the southwestern Lower Shebelle region of Somalia . Facing the Indian Ocean , Barawa serves as the main port of the South West State. The town of Barawa was founded by Aw-Ali from the Tunni , a member of Rahanweyn . Before Aw-Ali founded Barawa, he had observed a large area between Goobwayn and Baraawe. Aw-Ali

637-563: The Baidoa Airport . Sitting at an elevation of 1,520 feet (463 m), it has a 9843 × 131 ft (3000 × 40 m) asphalt runway. The airport has fuel services, a terminal building, storage container, on-site warehouse, and radio towers. Baidoa is administratively divided into four districts : Barawa Barawa ( Somali : بَراوِّ Barāwe , Maay : Barawy , Swahili : بَرَأَاوٖ Baraawe , Arabic : ﺑﺮﺍﻭة Barāwa , Italian : Brava ), also known as Barawe and Brava ,

686-744: The Ming treasure voyages in the early 15th century, the Chinese mariner Fei Xin characterized the people of Barawa as pure and honest. In 1506, the Battle of Barawa began after the Portuguese Empire decided to invade and capture the wealthy Somali harbour city. The commander of the Portuguese army was Tristão da Cunha : he set wanted to conquer the Ajuran territory, where the battle of Barawa

735-765: The Arab League The Transitional Federal Parliament of the Somali Republic ( TFP ) ( Somali : Golaha Shacabka Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ee Jamhuuriyada Soomaaliya ; often Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya ) was the national parliament of Somalia from 2004 until 2012. In a 2008 report called 'So Much to Fear' Human Rights Watch accused the Transitional Federal Government of human rights abuses and war crimes which include murder, rape, assault, and looting. The report also states that

784-598: The Baidoa Humanitarian Relief Sector from January 1993, found themselves dealing primarily with the 'Somali Liberation Army' Duduble sub-clan of Aideed's USC. "They were able to provide an ongoing flow of funds to Aideed in Mogadishu from the proceeds of their activities in the Bay region, while enriching themselves in the process." They remained in control of Baidoa until around January 1996, while

833-401: The Bay, Bakool and Lower Shabelle provinces; another led by convention organizer Malaq Ali Shino, former MP Madobe Nunow Mohamed and erstwhile Bay region Governor Abdifatah Geesey, which proposed instead the re-establishment of a six region Southwestern Somalia state consisting of the Bay, Bakool, Lower Shabelle , Gedo , Middle Jubba and Lower Jubba provinces. From 2022 to 2023, the region

882-664: The British military occupation (1941–1950), the Bardaale Quarter, where Somali clients and employees of the British lived, was the stronghold of the Somali Youth League ; the rest of the city was held by the members of the Hizbiya Digil-Mirifle. With an agro-pastoral economy, common livestock include goats and camels, with the main agricultural produce being sorghum. Pre- civil war Bay state

931-462: The College of Education, the College of Health and Environmental Sciences, and the College of Jurisprudence. Additionally, an Institute of Social Research is being developed. Plans are also in the works to construct a new campus in an area around 15 km north of Baidoa, as well as two new branches in two other principal cities in the Bay region. Schools: Air transportation in Baidoa is served by

980-466: The Digil and Mirifle ( Rahanweyn ) clans in the southern regions of Somalia. Its speech area extends from the southwestern border with Ethiopia to a region close to the coastal strip between Mogadishu and Kismayo. Maay is not mutually comprehensible with Standard Somali , and it differs considerably in sentence structure and phonology. However, Maay speakers often use Standard Somali as a lingua franca, which

1029-649: The Italians faced stiff resistance from many parts of the Banadir coast. The inland regions and the trade of the Somali merchants would remain unchallenged in their independence for years to come. Sheikh Uways al-Barawi organized an Ikhwaan and led the Banadir revolt, which was defeated in the 1908. Sheikh Uways migrated to Biyole to re-organize his Ikhwaan, but was killed in 1909 by Mohammed Abdullah Hassan due to religious disputes. His successor, Khalif Sheikh faraj,

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1078-562: The TFG and oppose the Ethiopian military's presence in Somalia. Throughout 2007 and 2008, Al-Shabaab scored military victories, seizing control of key towns and ports in both central and southern Somalia. At the end of 2008, the group had captured Baidoa but not Mogadishu. In February 2012, Somali government forces and allied Ethiopian troops re-captured Baidoa from Al-Shabaab. In December 2013,

1127-669: The TFG police force had also been implicated in arbitrary arrests of ordinary civilians in order to extort ransoms from their families. The TFP was succeeded by the Federal Parliament of Somalia . The Transitional Federal Institutions (TFIs) were the key foundations of the national government of Somalia. Created in 2004, they included the Transitional Federal Charter (TFC), the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and

1176-559: The TFG solidify its rule. On 8 January 2007, for the first time since taking office, President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed entered Mogadishu from Baidoa to engage in consultations with local business, religious and civil society representatives as the TFG moved its base to the national capital. Following its defeat, the Islamic Courts Union splintered into several different factions. Some of the more radical elements, including al-Shabaab, regrouped to continue its insurgency against

1225-506: The TNG's successor. In early 2005, the TFG sent official delegations to Baidoa and Jowhar to assess the suitability of each city as a temporary headquarters for the TFG before an eventual relocation of government offices to Mogadishu. In June–July 2005, the Transitional Federal Government established an interim seat in Jowhar due to ongoing insecurity in the capital. To strengthen its presence in

1274-486: The Transitional Federal Parliament (TFP). The TFP was the parliament of Somalia. It constituted the legislative branch of government, with the Transitional Federal Government representing the executive division. The Transitional Federal Parliament elected the President and Prime Minister , and had the authority to propose and pass laws. It was also in charged of governance and administration of Mogadishu , which

1323-647: The attack. In the early modern period, Barawa was ruled by the Geledi Sultanate . It was considered the chief port for the kingdom. The city was roughly 4/5th Somali and 1/5th Bravanese with the majority of Somali inhabitants being Tunni . Geledi Sultan Ahmed Yusuf 's brother Abobokur received a regular tax from the townspeople on behalf of the Sultan this was noted in 1876 in a British Parliamentary account The Somali tribe of Ruhwaina . The Chief of this and other tribes behind Brava, Marka and Mogdisho

1372-757: The autonomous state was a move to show the RRA leadership's disaffection with the nascent Mogadishu -based Transitional National Government , which had been established two years earlier. In 2005, the Southwestern State was officially dissolved after its leader Shatigadud had joined the Transitional Federal Parliament in November 2004 and later became Minister of Finance in January 2005 in the Transitional Federal Government (TFG),

1421-523: The city is served by the University of Southern Somalia . After a considerable planning stage, the institution was established in 2007 by a group of Somali scholars and intellectuals. Inaugural classes began the following year, in August 2008. University representatives concurrently announced plans to develop four colleges: the College of Science, Agriculture, and Engineering, the College of Social Science,

1470-498: The city's outskirts, in Buur Heybe. During the medieval period, Baidoa was founded and settled by the Madanle clan and many traditions link the Ajuran with a people known to Somalis Madanle (Maaanthinle, Madinle, etc.) who were celebrated well-diggers in southern Somalia. Many traditions ascribe Madanle origins to Baidao and were attributed to stone-built rectangular enclosure in the deep interior so far adequately described. Baidoa

1519-524: The elderly would not need to go into the crowded streets to get across the town. Coral was collected and then torched to add as a lime component. Barawa and its surrounding area fell under the Ajuran Empire that governed much of southern Somalia and eastern Ethiopia . The domain extended from Hafun in the north, to Qelafo in the west, to Kismayo in the south. Barawa was at its golden age during Ajuran period . According to Ibn Sa'id in

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1568-487: The emergence of Al-Shabaab stalled this. In 2009, Al-Shabaab militants seized control of Barawa. In September of that year, a United States military raid in the area killed Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan , a suspected Al-Qaeda operative. In October 2013, United States Navy SEAL Team Six launched an unsuccessful raid against a beachside house in Barawa, targeting Mukhtar Abu Zubeyr , the leader of Al-Shabaab. Following

1617-460: The lands opposite the Banadir ports of Brava & Marka and also received a tribute from Brava. This Abobokur Yusuf was accustomed to send messengers to Brava for tribute, and he drew thence about 2,000 dollars per annum. Eventually, in 1908, Barawa came under the Italian protectorate and was then incorporated into Italian Somaliland in 1910 after the death of the last Sultan Osman Ahmed .But

1666-416: The ll springs originate, a prime grazing area. Legend states that a bird pecked the ground with its beak and would signal people to come and discover the pristine land. The shrine of Obo Esherow, the patron Sufi mystic/saint of Baidoa, has been honoured for over four centuries. Baidoa and the broader Bay region is home to a number of important ancient sites. Archaeologists have found pre-historic rock art on

1715-586: The local Rahanweyn Resistance Army militia continued to engage the USC in the town's environs. In 1999, the RRA seized control of the wider Lower Shabelle, Gedo, Bay and Bakool provinces. The town and larger region gradually rebounded to become among the more stable areas in the south. In 2002, the RRA's leader Hasan Muhammad Nur Shatigadud founded the Southwestern State of Somalia regional administration, with its headquarters in Baidoa. The creation of

1764-410: The orders of the first-named chief, levies black-mail on his own account, and negotiates with the governors of Marka and Brava direct. He resides with about 2,000 soldiers principally slaves at Bulo Mareta; the towns of Gulveen which he often vists and Addormo being occupied by somalis growing produce, cattle &c. and doing a large trade with Marka. The brother of Sultan Ahmed , Abobokur Yusuf managed

1813-535: The raid, al-Shabaab began a crackdown of the town. Following the launch of Operation Indian Ocean , the Somali Armed Forces assisted by AMISOM troops re-seized control of Barawa from Al-Shabaab in October 2014. On 11 October, during a trip to Barawa, President Hassan banned the charcoal trade in the city. Barawa has a population of around 260,800 inhabitants. The broader Barawa District has

1862-533: The thirteenth century described Barawa as one of the three most important cities on the East African coast along with Mogadishu and Merca all serving as the commercial and Islamic centers for the Indian Ocean . In 1430, Barawa was one of only 18 western ports mentioned by name in an imperial decree that was issued by the Xuande Emperor , it was named as Pu-la-wa, (不喇哇). From his experiences during

1911-524: The town, the central authorities built an improved airport and inaugurated the Duduble Canal. The TFG later moved its temporary headquarters to Baidoa. In December 2006, Ethiopian troops entered Somalia to assist the TFG against the advancing Islamic Courts Union , initially winning the Battle of Baidoa . On 28 December 2006, the allied forces recaptured the capital from the ICU. The offensive helped

1960-492: Was added in Merca and Mogadishu . After independence the town was largely ignored by the Somali government. Following refugee resettlement programmes the town suffered as the new arrivals were unable to quickly adopt the culture of the city. Heritage was lost following the civil war which Siad Barre and Morgan’s militias looting the town. In 1997 it was incorporated into South West State of Somalia and rebuild would have ensued but

2009-640: Was also killed in 1925. However, the Uwaysiyya order, named after the martyr Sheikh Uways, emerged throughout southern Somalia and East Africa, establishing the Jama'a in the riverine region of southern Somalia and neighboring regions. These served as centres of charity and learning. In addition to Sheikh Uways, Baraawe has produced numerous well-respected Ulama , including Sheikh Uways al-Barawi , Sheikh Nureini Ahmed Sabir , Sheikh Haji Sadiq , Sheikh Qassim al-Baraawi , Sheikh Mu'alim Nuuri , Sharif Qulatayn and

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2058-520: Was crossroads of caravan trade. Baidoa city was surrounded with large walls with one fortified gate. It attracted many merchants and farmers from the benadir coast to settle in what came to be known as (Buula Benadir) (the Benadir quarter). Menelik II of Ethiopia invaded Baidoa in the late 19th century, but was pushed back under Sultan Osman Ahmed rule. The Italians occupied the city in July 1913. During

2107-594: Was formed in 2004 and originally included 275 members. Following the creation of a unity government in 2008–2009 between the Transitional Federal Government and moderate members of the Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia (ARS), the TFP's seats were increased to 550. Of those, 475 Members of Parliament were appointed following the 4.5 formula : 1 apportionment went to each of the four major Somali clans , while

2156-415: Was fought. After a long period of engagement, the Portuguese soldiers burned the city and looted it. However, fierce resistance by the local population and soldiers resulted in the Portuguese failing to permanently occupy the city. Refugees who had fled to the interior eventually returned and rebuilt Barawa, Tristão da Cunha was wounded in this battle. After the battle, the city of Barawa quickly recovered from

2205-588: Was full of both domestic and foreign commodities. Barawa was renowned for its domestic craftsmen and their weaving of alindi / kioy cloth, and the kufi baraawa . Alongside sandals, weapons and utensils many things are still handmade in the town. Clay horned stones are common in Buur Heybe . With unique carving and for goods such as the mihmil (Qu'ran rest)) and Attir or wedding bed. Precious metals were honed into fine jewellery and metal lined bridges which would connect multi-storied houses above. Women and

2254-470: Was hit by record-breaking drought. According to the UNDP, the population of Baidoa was 370,000 in 2005. The city is situated at the center of one of the most densely populated areas in the nation. It is an ethnically and culturally diverse town, with many local residents originating from other parts of the country. Additionally, Baidoa is the heartland of Maay , an Afro-Asiatic language principally spoken by

2303-545: Was home to the largest camel population in Somalia, with above 1.3 million camels. Post independence, Baidoa would attract many international projects such as the Bay Agricultural Development Project. Baidoa incurred significant damage in the early 1990s, following the start of the civil war . In September 1995, United Somali Congress militia attacked and occupied the town. The Australian contingent of Unified Task Force UNISOM1 , running

2352-478: Was looking for a place that best suited his family needs. One fact Aw-Ali could not resist was the freshness of the ocean breeze and immediately asked the collaboration of his people. Oral history relates that before Aw-Ali moved into the city of Baraawe, most of the Tunni population and their livestock resided in an area not far from Baraawe and its vicinity. Most historians have identified that Aw-Ali himself to be from

2401-503: Was then the seat of the TFG. Members of Parliament (MP) were selected through traditional clan leaders or shura councils. The Federal Parliament of Somalia was established on August 20, 2012, following the end of the Transitional Federal Government's mandate. The Transitional Federal Parliament, officially referred to as the Transitional Federal Assembly (TFA), was a unicameral national assembly . It

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