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63-562: The San Diego–based Consolidated Aircraft Corp. is not related and neither is the Union Iron Works of San Francisco. The company did not produce steel (the Llewellyn Iron Works did so during 1916 to 1923), neither from iron ores nor from pig iron, but rather fabricated standard steel mill product (plates and bars) into steel products (buildings, ships, pipes). In the 1950s, the company contributed ground equipment to

126-701: A 247,000-square-foot (22,900 m ) continuous flow factory in San Diego, California. The first production PBY Catalina was launched in San Diego Bay in 1936, and the first XPB2Y-1 Coronado test aircraft made its first flight in 1937. Consolidated vice president Edgar Gott was responsible for securing the company's contract to design and build the B-24 Liberator bomber. The XB-24 Liberator prototype made its first flight in December 1939, and

189-709: A Nazi gun." Roosevelt attacked the British prewar policy of " appeasement ," calling it ineffective. Listing prior examples given by European countries, he said it was futile. The only solution was to assist Britain ("the spearhead of resistance to world conquest") while it was still possible. While not explicitly pledging to stay out of the war, he stated that "our national policy is not directed toward war," and argued that helping Britain now would save Americans from having to fight. "You can, therefore, nail–nail any talk about sending armies to Europe as deliberate untruth." Europe does "not ask us to do their fighting. They ask us for

252-408: A company Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar near Tyrone, Pennsylvania . During much of the 1950s, Consolidated was part of Project Nike , producing $ 146.2 million worth of launcher loaders, earning $ 9.3 million in profits. The first generation Nike-Ajax loaders were a Douglas Aircraft design, the enlarged Nike-Hercules loaders were Consolidated Western's design. Many thousands were produced at a price on

315-474: A line of architectural iron. It seems to have been especially noteworthy for steam boiler fabrication, installation and maintenance. According to one authority, in 1889 Baker produced the first locomotive built in Los Angeles, designed by Milo's son Fred, vice president of the firm. Another authority says Baker built horse cars and perhaps street cars for Los Angeles, Pasadena and other communities in

378-705: Is cancelled, the mill is instead built in Orange, Texas. A general purpose plate shop and an 85x900 feet pipe mill became operational in March 1950. Also during that time the Orange plant was fabricating the large 34 feet, 10 inches diameter pipe sections for the Baytown Tunnel that crossed the Houston ship channel. September 1949, Consolidated is applying for a certificate to operate in Pennsylvania to assist in

441-771: Is not related. Consolidated Aircraft (and later Convair) had their headquarters in San Diego, California , on the border of Lindbergh Field (KSAN). Consolidated's first design was one of those purchased by Fleet from Dayton-Wright, the TW-3 primary trainer, sold to the U.S. Army as the PT-1 Trusty . In September 1924 the company moved from the Gallaudet plant in Connecticut to new facilities in Buffalo, New York , and in

504-455: Is to being strong, as a nation. He warned against labor disputes , saying, "The nation expects our defense industries to continue operation without interruption by strikes or lockouts . It expects and insists that management and workers will reconcile their differences by voluntary or legal means." Roosevelt stressed that it was not the American government but the American people who had

567-483: The Geneva Steel mill. The pipeline became operational on 13 November 1947. The source material for the process was 30 feet long, 92 inch wide plates, the welded pipe segments were hydraulically expanded (i.e. cold formed) in a closed die, yielding very straight pipe of improved strength. The capacity of the plant in 1947 was 9 miles of pipe per week. Shipped pipes were 60 feet in length, 2 sections welded together at

630-689: The Kirkuk–Baniyas oil pipeline , which was to loop the existing 12-inch and 16-inch lines of the Kirkuk–Haifa oil pipeline . Diameters of 30 and 32 inches. Plates fabricated by Geneva Steel. First first shipment sails on 30 September 1950, Construction by Bechtel commenced in November 1950, shortly after the completion of the Trans-Arabia. Last shipment leaves the Port of Los Angeles February 1952 aboard

693-788: The Neutrality Acts had already begun to be replaced by intensified assistance to the Allies, including the cash and carry policy in 1939 and Destroyers for Bases Agreement in September 1940. The Lend-Lease program began in March 1941, several months after the Arsenal of Democracy address. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941—less than a year after the Arsenal of Democracy address—the United States entered

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756-684: The Orange Car and Steel Company (railcars) property in February 1940 with the original intention of going into the business of barge and tug construction. Before November 1922 this company was called the Southern Dry Dock & Shipbuilding Company , which operated five building ways for wooden hull construction for the United States Shipping Board , of which six were launched and at least one, Gonzalis (1918) ,

819-550: The Pacific Northwest Pipeline Corp. . The relocation of all pipeline operations to Utah was first announced in September 1954. The small diameter pipe mill was moved from Berkeley to the new pipe plant at Provo after the large diameter portion had reached full production and the transfer was completed in January 1956. 20 December 1956, Alden G. Roach, the pilot and the co-pilot died in the crash of

882-857: The Project Nike missile system. In 1964, Consolidated was merged into the American Bridge Division of U.S. Steel. The Orange, Texas, shipyard lay on the banks of the Sabine River at ( 30°05′11″N 93°43′28″W  /  30.086351°N 93.72434°W  / 30.086351; -93.72434 ), a few miles upstream of the Sabine Pass that grants access to the Gulf of Mexico ( Pennsylvania Shipyards, Inc. in Beaumont, Texas , made use of it as well). Consolidated Steel bought

945-524: The Republic of China , in total war against Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan. "The great arsenal of democracy" came to specifically refer to the industry of the U.S., as the primary supplier of material for the Allied war effort. "Arsenal of democracy" refers to the collective efforts of American industry in supporting the Allies, which efforts tended to be concentrated in the established industrial centers of

1008-723: The SS ; Day Beam . The line went into operation in April 1952. August 1952, fabrication of parts of a 953-mile 24-inch crude oil pipeline from Wink, Texas to Norwalk, California to begin in a few months. Consolidated was contracted for 20 miles of 30-inch pipe for an expansion of the California portion of the Texas Pipeline (natural gas) in November 1952, the project expected to be finished in March 1953. The Provo pipe mill produced 241 miles of 30-inch pipe to be laid in

1071-625: The United Kingdom fight Nazi Germany by selling them military supplies while the United States stayed out of the actual fighting. The president announced that intent a year before the Attack on Pearl Harbor (7 December 1941), at a time when Germany had occupied much of Europe and threatened Britain . Nazi Germany was allied with Fascist Italy and the Empire of Japan (the Axis powers ). At

1134-750: The Western Hemisphere would be safe from invasion, there were only 458,365 non- Coast Guard military personnel on active duty —259,028 in the Army , 160,997 in the Navy, and 28,345 in the Marine Corps . By the next year, that number had nearly quadrupled, with 1,801,101 total military personnel—1,462,315 in the Army, 284,437 in the Navy, and 54,359 in the Marine Corps. Previous policies such as

1197-577: The high seas —and they will be in a position to bring enormous military and naval resources against this hemisphere." He then continued to describe the situation in Europe, punctuating his remarks with warnings of how the Nazis would use the same tactics in the Western Hemisphere, and giving vivid imagery such as "The fate of these [occupied] nations tells us what it means to live at the point of

1260-432: The 95-acre facility at 1100 W Harry Bridges Blvd, Wilmington. Production peaked on May 29, 1944, when it launched three large ships in only a 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 -hour period. The yard was built as a temporary facility and, like most such war plants, it was closed after the war ended. Together, the shipyards ranked Consolidated 29th among United States corporations in the value of wartime production contracts. Fifteen of

1323-577: The Axis powers are not going to win this war." The speech reflected the American approach to entry into World War II. It marked the decline of the isolationist and non-interventionist doctrine that had dominated interwar U.S. foreign policy since the United States' involvement in World War I . At the time, while the United States Navy appeared strong and was widely thought to guarantee

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1386-537: The C1-B were built with steam turbines supplied by Joshua Hendy Iron Works ("JH") instead of those built by Westinghouse ("WH"). Hendy also provided the 36 triple expansion steam engines that went into the patrol frigates. The yard changed to a 2-shift rotation (10.5 hours) on June 12, 1944. List of contracts: Ships built: Bethlehem San Pedro and California Shipbuilding were located nearby on Terminal Island . The former Long Beach Shipbuilding Company yard

1449-488: The Consolidated staff to meet defense production needs. By the fall of 1941, Consolidated was San Diego's largest employer with 25,000 employees, which eventually expanded to 45,000 by the following year. In November 1941, Fleet sold his 34.26% interest in Consolidated for $ 10.9 million to Victor Emanuel, the president of AVCO , with the idea that Consolidated would be merged with AVCO's Vultee subsidiary. To meet

1512-578: The Los Angeles area and that they built some larger cars for the Santa Ana & Orange Motor Road in 1898. According to this authority, after Pacific Electric bought this line, the cars were revamped and continued in service until 1920. It is claimed that in the early 1890s, Street Railway Journal reportedly ranked Baker "among the principal car builders on the Pacific Coast." Consolidated Aircraft The Consolidated Aircraft Corporation

1575-564: The Philippines came under the control of Consolidated and Bechtel interests under the name of Philippine Consolidated Shipyards . Initial contracts from the U.S. Navy for conversion, repair and construction of small craft, which was completed in August 1947 after which Philippine Consolidated carried on with similar work in Manila and Cavite . Going into the legal proceedings surrounding

1638-523: The Summer of 1949, but not to be used for shipbuilding beyond the obligations imposed as part of the deal, to maintain this capability for some time. Another pipe mill was built in Orange during the boom years. At its peak durning the war, it employed 20,000 people. The first ship launched was the destroyer USS  Aulick on March 2, 1942. The last ship launched was the destroyer USS  Carpenter on December 28, 1945. United States Naval Station Orange

1701-402: The U.S., such as Detroit , Cleveland , Philadelphia , Buffalo , Rochester , Chicago , New York , and Pittsburgh , among other cities. In 1918, Doubleday executive Herbert S. Houston analyzed World War I with an article titled "Blocking New Wars". He wrote that American business was the "Protector of Democracy" while the American free press was "one of the most effective weapons in

1764-665: The arsenal of democracy." The concept of America as an actual arsenal came from the American playwright Robert E. Sherwood , who was quoted in the May 12, 1940 New York Times as saying "this country is already, in effect, an arsenal for the democratic Allies." Although the French economist Jean Monnet had used the phrase later in 1940, he was urged by Felix Frankfurter not to use it again so Roosevelt could make use of it in his speeches. Franklin Roosevelt has since been credited with

1827-695: The construction of a new welded pipe mill in McKeesport . Effective 31 December 1951, in an internal corporate restructuring, the subsidiary corporation became the Consolidated Western Steel Division of the United States Steel Company with Alden G. Roach as president, who was also president of the newly formed Columbia-Geneva Steel Division . In May 1955, a new pipe mill in Provo starts shipments for

1890-674: The cost to increase production capacity to 3 miles per day. The January 1949 issue of U.S. Steel News stated a capacity of 3.5 miles of pipe per day at the Maywood plant. The SS  William Tllghman with the first load of pipes (a little more than 5 miles) departed Long Beach for Ras Tanura on 7 November 1947., followed by the SS  George Chamberlain , SS  Joplin Victory , SS  William H. Kendrick , SS  Kenyon Victory and others. During delays caused by failure of Tapline to obtain export licenses, 30 and 31-inch pipe

1953-466: The country: "the strength of this nation shall not be diluted by the failure of the Government to protect the economic well-being of its citizens." He focused on that theme of "splendid cooperation between the Government and industry and labor " for several paragraphs, cited how American labor would make an impact in the combat zones, and noted how important the manufacture of weapons and vehicles

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2016-440: The danger, the president then proceeded to request action from the people. He acknowledged a telegram he had received. He refuted its message, which he summarized as "Please, Mr. President, don't frighten us by telling us the facts." The central fact he felt Americans must grasp was the geopolitical Heartland theory : "If Great Britain goes down, the Axis powers will control the continents of Europe, Asia, Africa , Australasia , and

2079-486: The division after just two years of operations in 1996. Arsenal of Democracy#United States armament manufacturers " Arsenal of Democracy " was the central phrase used by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in a radio broadcast on the threat to national security, delivered on December 29, 1940—nearly a year before the United States entered the Second World War (1939–1945). Roosevelt promised to help

2142-522: The end of the war, in September 1945, Consolidated Steel bought the assets of the Western Pipe and Steel Company of California, another wartime shipbuilding firm, for $ 6,217,373. The property consisted of main plants at South San Francisco and Vernon and small plants serving local industries in Taft , Fresno and Phoenix . In October 1946 a shipyard on Manicani Island off the coast of Samar in

2205-676: The factory. In early 1947 Consolidated was contracted to provide 980 miles of pipe for the Bechtel -built Trans-Arabian Pipeline (oil), the National Tube Company of Pittsburgh (a U.S. Steel subsidiary) was to supply another 70 miles. A second production line was installed at the Maywood plant for the construction of 31-inch pipe, which made up 50% of the order and this allowed the volume of shipping and shipping costs be cut in half with one pipe segment stored inside one larger pipe segment. The Trans-Arabian Pipe Line Co. underwrote

2268-403: The first half of 1957 between Needles and Newhall, Pacific Lightning Corp subsidiaries (conjecture: SoCalGas), total project cost $ 24,000,000. The Baker Iron Works had its start at Los Angeles, California, about 1874, when Milo Stannard Baker (1828–1894) acquired a small machine shop there. The business, begun on a small scale as M.S. Baker & Company, grew quite rapidly. A much larger facility

2331-454: The first production order was from the French in 1940, just days before their surrender to Germany; six of these YB-24 Liberators were designated LB-30A and ferried to Britain. In 1940, Consolidated bought Hall-Aluminum Aircraft Corporation and dissolved the company. Archibald M. Hall was President of the company at the time and later became an executive of Consolidated. Several other Hall-Aluminum engineers and technical people were added to

2394-687: The flaws in United States isolationism . He mentioned that "Some of us like to believe that even if Britain falls, we are still safe, because of the broad expanse of the Atlantic and of the Pacific ." He refuted this by saying that modern technology had effectively reduced the distances across those oceans, allowing even for "planes that could fly from the British Isles to New England and back again without refueling." After establishing

2457-673: The former name in the press dropped sharply at that point. In September 1946 production was to commence on 214 miles and 60,000 tons of 30-inch pipe for the Southern California Gas Company for a contract value of $ 6m. This 214 mile section between Blythe and Santa Fe Springs was the western section of the first of the El Paso Natural Gas Company 's pipelines supplying California from natural gas fields in Texas. Steel plates were provided by

2520-435: The implements of war, the planes, the tanks, the guns, the freighters which will enable them to fight for their liberty and for our security. Emphatically we must get these weapons to them, get them to them in sufficient volume and quickly enough, so that we and our children will be saved the agony and suffering of war which others have had to endure." He urged this to change, all the while stressing that open war would not hurt

2583-512: The landscape of WW2 shipbuilding in Orange. The Consolidated Steel Wilmington shipyard ( 33°46′04″N 118°16′21″W  /  33.76767°N 118.27254°W  / 33.76767; -118.27254 ) in Wilmington, California was an emergency yard built in 1941 in the Port of Los Angeles West Basin after Consolidated Steel was awarded Maritime Commission contracts. At its peak, it employed 12,000 people, working on eight shipways on

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2646-411: The markets of steel fabrication and erection in the Los Angeles area. In August 1930 plans were being implemented to erect the typical shops of a steel plant on the tract at Slauson and Eastern. The projected cost was $ 1,000,000 including machinery. Predecessor plants were to be dismantled and moved to the new location. During World War II 761 Landing craft mechanized were constructed to completion in

2709-541: The needs of the military during World War II, General Henry H. "Hap" Arnold decided to open a regular air transport service between the U.S. mainland and the Southwest Pacific in April 1942. The Ferry Command chose Consolidated as the operating agency, forming Consolidated Airways, Inc., also known as Consairways . The airlines carried personnel, cargo and delivered aircraft to the Pacific Theatre. It

2772-581: The order of $ 20,000 to $ 30,000 each. In March 1957 a design study for a heavy water reactor pressure vessel was released, prepared on behalf of the Atomic Energy Commission . In 1964, in an internal corporate restructuring, the Consolidated Western Steel Division was merged with the American Bridge Division to form a single steel fabrication division within U.S. Steel (the American Bridge DIvision ). Occurrences of

2835-404: The phrase. The phrase was suggested by top Roosevelt advisor Harry Hopkins . Yet another account has it that Roosevelt borrowed the phrase from Detroit auto executive William S. Knudsen , who was tapped by Roosevelt to lead the United States' war material production efforts. Much of the ending of the speech attempted to dispel complacency. Roosevelt laid out the situation, and then pointed out

2898-406: The planned acquisition by the Columbia Steel Company (a U.S. Steel subsidiary), at the beginning of the year 1947 Consolidated Steel owned and operated plants in Los Angeles, Vernon , Fresno , Berkeley and Taft in California, and in Phoenix, Arizona and Orange, Texas . The company name was changed to Consolidated Western Steel Corp. on 1 July 1948. A separate company with the same name

2961-546: The plant and their motors and hull integrity tested on site in a large water tank. Also built were 403 5-inch/38 twin mounts. Consolidated built the first blast furnace of the Kaiser Fontana integrated mill in 1942. In 1949 the plant was 60 acres in size with equipment for the manufacture and erection of heavy steel products. Including 26 to 36-inch welded pipe, structural steel for industrial and commercial buildings, bridges and railcar frames; cement kilns; penstocks; storage tanks (gas, oil, water, chemicals). Shortly after

3024-421: The power to turn the tide of the war. It was here that he used the phrase "arsenal of democracy": "We must be the great arsenal of democracy. For us this is an emergency as serious as war itself. We must apply ourselves to our task with the same resolution, the same sense of urgency, the same spirit of patriotism and sacrifice as we would show were we at war." Finally he reassured the American people: "I believe that

3087-644: The same day to show the magnitude of the shipbuilding program. On 26 June 1927 Union Iron Works formally opened the first unit of a new multi-million dollar plant on their 25-acre tract at Stauson and Garfield avenues ( 33°58′56″N 118°08′32″W  /  33.98220°N 118.14218°W  / 33.98220; -118.14218 ). 26 July 1930, Consolidated Steel purchased 50 acre at NE corner of Eastern and Stauson avenues ( 33°59′11″N 118°09′41″W  /  33.98645°N 118.1613°W  / 33.98645; -118.1613 ). The Union, Baker and Llewellyn Iron Works were competitors prior to consolidation in

3150-428: The same year won a U.S. Navy contract for a naval version of the PT-1 designated the NY-1 . Lawrence D. Bell served as the Operating Head at Consolidated from 1929 to 1934. When the company relocated to San Diego, Bell decided to stay behind to start up his own company, the Bell Aircraft Corporation , in the former Consolidated plant. In September 1935 Consolidated moved across the country to its new "Building 1",

3213-400: The time, Germany and the Soviet Union had signed a non-aggression treaty under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact , and had jointly effected the Invasion of Poland (1939) , a Realpolitik deal that remained effective until Operation Barbarossa , the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, in 1941. Roosevelt's address was a call to arms for supporting the Allies in Europe, and, to a lesser extent,

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3276-444: The war. The spending on military production was distributed 32% for aircraft, 14.8% for ships, 25.6% for ordnance (guns, ammunition and military vehicles), 4.9% for electronics, and the remaining 22.7% for fuels, clothing, construction materials, and food. Note that production costs fell steadily—the same item cost much less to produce in 1945 than in 1942. The largest United States military prime contractors are listed below in order of

3339-501: The whole line, to be ready for the 1949/1950 winter season. The pipe segments were produced in South San Francisco and joined in pairs or if conditions permitted in groups of three at a depot near Santa Clara . The depot was then moved to Barstow in late 1949 or early 1950 when the northern leg was about completed. Stockpiling began for the ensuing completion of the pipe, which started from the Arizona border at Topock, heading west. September 1950, construction to begin on 30-inch pipe for

3402-572: Was diverted to the Tennessee Gas Transmission Co. to loop the 661 miles between Victoria, Texas and Cornwell, West Virginia laid in 1947 and 1948 with 204 miles of 30/31-inch loop line. In January 1949 CWS began fabrication of 1840 miles of pipe for the Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Company 's Texas-New York pipeline (natural gas). ( FPC Docket No. G-704, certificate issued 29 May 1948) The plates for this pipeline came from Kaiser Fontana. The Basalt Rock Company at Napa (Bay area) also turned Kaiser plates into pipe for that project. The Fontana mill

3465-543: Was erected in 1886 and in June of that year the business was incorporated as the Baker Iron Works with capital stock of $ 75,000. Five directors were named: Milo S. Baker, E.H. Booth, Charles F. Kimball, Fred L. Baker (Milo's son), and H.T. Neuree. Less than a year later, Baker erected a $ 15,000 building on Buena Vista Street near College. Baker Iron Works had a great many different products, manufacturing mining, milling, pumping, hoisting, oil and well drilling machinery, streetcars , boilers, oven and heating furnaces, as well as

3528-595: Was fitted with engines. The modest facilities were expanded when Consolidated Steel was awarded destroyer contracts from the U.S. Navy in September 1940. After the war the site was sold to U.S. Steel together with Consolidated's assets in Los Angeles and whatever was obtained from the merger with Western Pipe and Steel elsewhere. However, the wholly-owned subsidiary and soon after the U.S. Steel corporate division both continued to operate as Consolidated Western Steel . The government-owned shipyard facilities were eventually bought by Consolidated Western Steel for $ 1,001,000 in

3591-414: Was founded in 1923 by Reuben H. Fleet in Buffalo, New York , the result of the Gallaudet Aircraft Company 's liquidation and Fleet's purchase of designs from the Dayton-Wright Company as the subsidiary was being closed by its parent corporation, General Motors . Consolidated became famous, during the 1920s and 1930s, for its line of flying boats . The most successful of the Consolidated patrol boats

3654-440: Was incorporated in Delaware on 31 August 1948, marking the acquisition for $ 12,481,221 by U.S. Steel. In January 1949, Consolidated was contracted to build a new blast furnace at the Kaiser Fontana steel mill . This was furnace #2, blown on October 13, 1949. October 1949, construction is planned of a new pipe mill in Houston near the ship channel with a projected capacity of 50 miles of large diameter pipe per month. The project

3717-418: Was making plates at an approximate rate of 20,000 tons per month for Consolidated in late 1949. June 1949, contracts are awarded for Pacific Gas and Electric 's 34-inch "Super-Inch" Pipe Line (natural gas) from Topock to Milpitas . Ditching started June 29, 1949 for the 80-mile section between Llanda (near Hollister ) and Milpitas, which was to be used as an underground storage reservoir until completion of

3780-465: Was reported to have carried more than 101 million tons of cargo and had flown more than 299 million passenger miles when it closed in 1945. In 1943 , Consolidated merged with Vultee Aircraft to form Consolidated-Vultee Aircraft or Convair . In March 1953, General Dynamics purchased a majority interest in Convair, where it continued to produce aircraft or aircraft components until being sold to McDonnell Douglas in 1994. McDonnell Douglas shut down

3843-418: Was the PBY Catalina , which was produced throughout World War II and used extensively by the Allies. Equally famous was the B-24 Liberator , a heavy bomber which, like the Catalina, saw action in both the Pacific and European theaters. In 1943 , Consolidated merged with Vultee Aircraft to form Consolidated-Vultee Aircraft, later known as Convair . The Los Angeles-based Consolidated Steel Corporation

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3906-416: Was the first Consolidated Steel facility to become operational. It was located at the entrance of Channel No. 3 on the south side ( 33°46′08″N 118°12′58″W  /  33.768916°N 118.215992°W  / 33.768916; -118.215992 ). On Liberty Fleet Day , September 27, 1941, the yard launched SS Alcoa Polaris , a C1-B type cargo vessel, as one of the fourteen ships launched nationwide on

3969-601: Was the overseer of the Navy projects. Contracts for 12 Fletchers were authorized with the Two-Ocean Navy Act and awarded later in 1940 Fletchers were produced no more than six concurrently. Gearings were produced no more than ten concurrently. There were six slipways that could build one destroyer or destroyer escort and there were two side launching ways that could each build two destroyers or 3 destroyer escorts . The stern-first launching ways must obviously have been there first, see also launch photographs e.g. Levingston Shipbuilding Company and Weaver Shipyards round up

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