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38-602: Since the beginning of the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2014, it has been occupied by the Russian Federation. Bakhchysarai lies in a narrow valley of the Çürük Suv  [ uk ] river, about 30 Kilometers south-west of Simferopol . The earliest known man-made objects found in the valley date from the Mesolithic period. Settlements have existed in the valley since Late Antiquity . Before

76-512: A 'planet' at the time and an 'asteroid' soon after; the term minor planet was not introduced until 1841, and was considered a subcategory of 'planet' until 1932. The term planetoid has also been used, especially for larger, planetary objects such as those the IAU has called dwarf planets since 2006. Historically, the terms asteroid , minor planet , and planetoid have been more or less synonymous. This terminology has become more complicated by

114-446: A Data Base of Physical and Dynamical Properties of Near Earth Asteroids. Environmental characteristics have three aspects: space environment, surface environment and internal environment, including geological, optical, thermal and radiological environmental properties, etc., which are the basis for understanding the basic properties of minor planets, carrying out scientific research, and are also an important reference basis for designing

152-598: A cultural center of the Crimean Tatars for several decades afterward, fostered by Ismail Gaspirali (1851-1914) who founded the local newspaper Tercüman in 1883. During the Crimean War of 1853–56, Bakhchysarai essentially became a hospital town as wounded Russian soldiers from the battlefield were brought in to be treated. The Battle of the Alma , one of the earliest battles of the war, took place not far from

190-460: A false positive or become lost later on —called a provisionally designated minor planet . After the observation arc is accurate enough to predict its future location, a minor planet is formally designated and receives a number. It is then a numbered minor planet . Finally, in the third step, it may be named by its discoverers. However, only a small fraction of all minor planets have been named. The vast majority are either numbered or have still only

228-555: A name (e.g. 433 Eros ). The formal naming convention uses parentheses around the number, but dropping the parentheses is quite common. Informally, it is common to drop the number altogether or to drop it after the first mention when a name is repeated in running text. Minor planets that have been given a number but not a name keep their provisional designation, e.g. (29075) 1950 DA . Because modern discovery techniques are finding vast numbers of new asteroids, they are increasingly being left unnamed. The earliest discovered to be left unnamed

266-595: A part of newly independent Ukraine in 1991. However, it became a de facto part of the Russian Federation when Russian Armed Forces invaded and annexed the city and the whole of Crimea in 2014. Spellings of the town's name in different languages include: The name comes from Persian باغچه سرای bāghche-sarāy , which means the Garden Palace . In Crimean Tatar, bağça means "garden" and saray means "palace". Russian -speakers associate

304-427: A provisional designation. Example of the naming process: A newly discovered minor planet is given a provisional designation . For example, the provisional designation 2002 AT 4 consists of the year of discovery (2002) and an alphanumeric code indicating the half-month of discovery and the sequence within that half-month. Once an asteroid's orbit has been confirmed, it is given a number, and later may also be given

342-648: A somewhat larger surface soil layer size. Soil layers are inevitably subject to intense space weathering that alters their physical and chemical properties due to direct exposure to the surrounding space environment. In silicate-rich soils, the outer layers of Fe are reduced to nano-phase Fe (np-Fe), which is the main product of space weathering . For some small planets, their surfaces are more exposed as boulders of varying sizes, up to 100 metres in diameter, due to their weaker gravitational pull. These boulders are of high scientific interest, as they may be either deeply buried material excavated by impact action or fragments of

380-433: A variety of other rich geological effects on the surface of minor planets, such as mass wasting on slopes and impact crater walls, large-scale linear features associated with graben , and electrostatic transport of dust. By analysing the various geological processes on the surface of minor planets, it is possible to learn about the possible internal activity at this stage and some of the key evolutionary information about

418-736: Is exclusively classified as neither a planet nor a comet . Before 2006, the IAU officially used the term minor planet , but that year's meeting reclassified minor planets and comets into dwarf planets and small Solar System bodies (SSSBs). In contrast to the eight official planets of the Solar System , all minor planets fail to clear their orbital neighborhood . Minor planets include asteroids ( near-Earth objects , Earth trojans , Mars trojans , Mars-crossers , main-belt asteroids and Jupiter trojans ), as well as distant minor planets ( Uranus trojans , Neptune trojans , centaurs and trans-Neptunian objects ), most of which reside in

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456-506: Is similar to that of carbon- or iron-bearing meteorites, the interaction between the minor planets and the solar wind is likely to be unipolar induction , resulting in an external magnetic field for the minor planet. In addition, the magnetic fields of minor planets are not static; impact events, weathering in space and changes in the thermal environment can alter the existing magnetic fields of minor planets. At present, there are not many direct observations of minor planet magnetic fields, and

494-826: The International Astronomical Union is dedicated to the Physical Study of Comets & Minor Planets. Archival data on the physical properties of comets and minor planets are found in the PDS Asteroid/Dust Archive. This includes standard asteroid physical characteristics such as the properties of binary systems, occultation timings and diameters, masses, densities, rotation periods, surface temperatures, albedoes, spin vectors, taxonomy, and absolute magnitudes and slopes. In addition, European Asteroid Research Node (E.A.R.N.), an association of asteroid research groups, maintains

532-454: The Kuiper belt and the scattered disc . As of October 2024 , there are 1,392,085 known objects, divided into 740,000 numbered , with only one of them recognized as a dwarf planet (secured discoveries) and 652,085 unnumbered minor planets, with only five of those officially recognized as a dwarf planet . The first minor planet to be discovered was Ceres in 1801, though it was called

570-542: The Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.237 via cp1104 cp1104, Varnish XID 213123399 Upstream caches: cp1104 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 07:53:23 GMT Minor planet According to the International Astronomical Union (IAU), a minor planet is an astronomical object in direct orbit around the Sun that

608-668: The center of political and cultural life of the Crimean Tatar people. In 1675 the town was sacked by Cossacks during Ivan Sirko 's Crimean Campaign . In 1736 the town was burned during the Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739) . Following the annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire in 1783, Bakhchysarai became an ordinary town, having lost administrative significance. However, it remained

646-615: The city in 1854. But although the city was close to the front line, the Turks and their European allies never took it, as the port city of Sevastopol was their primary wartime objective . With the collapse of the Russian Empire in 1917 and the unification of several socialist republics that had been part of the Russian Empire, Bakhchysarai became part of the Soviet Union (established 30 December 1922) in 1922. The Sürgün ,

684-510: The convection of the conductive fluid will generate a large and strong magnetic field . However, the size of a minor planet is generally small and most of the minor planets have a "crushed stone pile" structure, and there is basically no "dynamo" structure inside, so it will not generate a self-generated dipole magnetic field like the Earth. But some minor planets do have magnetic fields—on the one hand, some minor planets have remanent magnetism : if

722-684: The deportation of the Crimean Tatars of 18 May 1944 in Bakhchysarai was prompted by accusations that the Tatars collaborated with the Axis occupiers. Although deportation of some Tatars in Crimea began as early as 1860, under the Russian Empire, the Sürgün delivered the final blow, emptying the city of Tatars. They were not to return to the city until 1989, when Soviet policies relaxed. Bakhchysarai became

760-458: The discovery of numerous minor planets beyond the orbit of Jupiter , especially trans-Neptunian objects that are generally not considered asteroids. A minor planet seen releasing gas may be dually classified as a comet. Objects are called dwarf planets if their own gravity is sufficient to achieve hydrostatic equilibrium and form an ellipsoidal shape. All other minor planets and comets are called small Solar System bodies . The IAU stated that

798-399: The fact that most minor planets are rubble pile structures, which are loose and porous, gives the impact action on the surface of minor planets its unique characteristics. On highly porous minor planets, small impact events produce spatter blankets similar to common impact events: whereas large impact events are dominated by compaction and spatter blankets are difficult to form, and the longer

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836-531: The founding of Bakhchysarai the Qırq Yer fortress (modern Çufut Qale ), Salaçıq, and Eski Yurt were built. These have since become incorporated into the urban area of modern Bakhchysarai. Bakhchysarai first appears in historical documents in 1502. In 1532 Sahib I Giray , Khan of Crimea from 1532 to 1551, established his residence there. From that time it served as the capital of the Crimean Khanate and

874-473: The long-term interaction with the external environment, which may lead to some indication of the nature of the parent body's origin. Many of the larger planets are often covered by a layer of soil ( regolith ) of unknown thickness. Compared to other atmosphere-free bodies in the solar system (e.g. the Moon ), minor planets have weaker gravity fields and are less capable of retaining fine-grained material, resulting in

912-492: The lowest-numbered unnamed minor planet is (4596) 1981 QB , and the highest-numbered named minor planet is 594913 ꞌAylóꞌchaxnim . There are various broad minor-planet populations: All astronomical bodies in the Solar System need a distinct designation. The naming of minor planets runs through a three-step process. First, a provisional designation is given upon discovery—because the object still may turn out to be

950-420: The minor planet exploration mission, measuring the albedo and color changes of the planet surface is also the most basic method to directly know the difference in the material composition of the planet surface. The geological environment on the surface of minor planets is similar to that of other unprotected celestial bodies, with the most widespread geomorphological feature present being impact craters: however,

988-462: The parent body had a magnetic field or if the nearby planetary body has a strong magnetic field, the rocks on the parent body will be magnetised during the cooling process and the planet formed by the fission of the parent body will still retain remanence, which can also be detected in extraterrestrial meteorites from the minor planets; on the other hand, if the minor planets are composed of electrically conductive material and their internal conductivity

1026-428: The payload of exploration missions Without the protection of an atmosphere and its own strong magnetic field, the minor planet's surface is directly exposed to the surrounding radiation environment. In the cosmic space where minor planets are located, the radiation on the surface of the planets can be divided into two categories according to their sources: one comes from the sun, including electromagnetic radiation from

1064-444: The periodic change of the planet's light curve, which can be observed by ground-based equipment, so as to obtain the planet's magnitude , rotation period , rotation axis orientation, shape, albedo distribution, and scattering properties. Generally speaking, the albedo of minor planets is usually low, and the overall statistical distribution is bimodal, corresponding to C-type (average 0.035) and S-type (average 0.15) minor planets. In

1102-399: The planet's parent body that have survived. The rocks provide more direct and primitive information about the material inside the minor planet and the nature of its parent body than the soil layer, and the different colours and forms of the rocks indicate different sources of material on the surface of the minor planet or different evolutionary processes. Usually in the interior of the planet,

1140-578: The planets receive such large impacts, the greater the overall density. In addition, statistical analysis of impact craters is an important means of obtaining information on the age of a planet surface. Although the Crater Size-Frequency Distribution (CSFD) method of dating commonly used on minor planet surfaces does not allow absolute ages to be obtained, it can be used to determine the relative ages of different geological bodies for comparison. In addition to impact, there are

1178-496: The publication of the Minor Planet Circular (MPC) of October 19, 2005, which saw the highest-numbered minor planet jump from 99947 to 118161. The first few asteroids were named after figures from Greek and Roman mythology , but as such names started to dwindle the names of famous people, literary characters, discoverers' spouses, children, colleagues, and even television characters were used. Commission 15 of

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1216-400: The sun, and ionizing radiation from the solar wind and solar energy particles; the other comes from the sun outside the solar system, that is, galactic cosmic rays , etc. Usually during one rotation period of a minor planet, the albedo of a minor planet will change slightly due to its irregular shape and uneven distribution of material composition. This small change will be reflected in

1254-619: The term minor planet may still be used, but the term small Solar System body will be preferred. However, for purposes of numbering and naming, the traditional distinction between minor planet and comet is still used. Hundreds of thousands of minor planets have been discovered within the Solar System and thousands more are discovered each month. The Minor Planet Center has documented over 213 million observations and 794,832 minor planets, of which 541,128 have orbits known well enough to be assigned permanent official numbers . Of these, 21,922 have official names. As of 8 November 2021 ,

1292-463: The town with the Romantic connotations of Alexander Pushkin 's poem The Fountain of Bakhchysarai (1822). Adam Mickiewicz devoted some of the finest poems in his Polish-language Crimean Sonnets (1825) to the landmarks of Bakhchysarai ( Polish : Bakczysaraj ). An asteroid , 3242 Bakhchisaraj , discovered by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh in 1979, takes its name after

1330-526: The town. Famous attractions within or near Bakhchysarai are: There is a network of well marked hiking trails around the town. All the main attractions are connected with red-marked trail. From 2011, the town's Tourist Information Centre was supported by the Czech Government and USAID . Support was cut off in 2014 following the Russian annexation of Crimea . In 1930 the population of the city

1368-493: Was 10,450. The ethnic groups represented were 7,420 Crimean Tatars , 1,850 Russians , 315 Jews , 205 Greeks , 185 Ukrainians , 50 Germans , 30 Armenians , 30 Bulgarians , and 365 others. As of 2001, the town had a population of 26,700 people. Russians make up the majority of the population, while ethnic Ukrainians and Crimean Tatars form significant minorities. Bakhchysarai is twinned with: Russo-Ukrainian War Too Many Requests If you report this error to

1406-466: Was finally named 15760 Albion in January 2018. A few objects are cross-listed as both comets and asteroids, such as 4015 Wilson–Harrington , which is also listed as 107P/Wilson–Harrington . Minor planets are awarded an official number once their orbits are confirmed. With the increasing rapidity of discovery, these are now six-figure numbers. The switch from five figures to six figures arrived with

1444-520: Was for a long time (3360) 1981 VA , now 3360 Syrinx . In November 2006 its position as the lowest-numbered unnamed asteroid passed to (3708) 1974 FV 1 (now 3708 Socus ), and in May 2021 to (4596) 1981 QB . On rare occasions, a small object's provisional designation may become used as a name in itself: the then-unnamed (15760) 1992 QB 1 gave its "name" to a group of objects that became known as classical Kuiper belt objects ("cubewanos") before it

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