136-555: Balewadi is a residential suburban town of Pune , located in the city's Western Metropolitan Corridor. It is famous for the Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex which had hosted both the National Games in 1994 and the 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games . The complex had also hosted the second edition of Khelo India Youth Games , which kicked off on 9 January 2019. Balewadi was a village at
272-469: A 2021 report by the Pew Research Center , India has roughly 1.2 billion lower-income individuals, 66 million middle-income individuals, 16 million upper-middle-income individuals, and barely 2 million in the high-income group. As per The Economist , 78 million of India's population are considered middle class as of 2017, if defined using the cutoff of those making more than $ 10 per day,
408-521: A common-law, and an adversarial legal system. This coincided with major changes in the world economy – industrialisation, and significant growth in production and trade. However, at the end of colonial rule, India inherited an economy that was one of the poorest in the developing world, with industrial development stalled, agriculture unable to feed a rapidly growing population, a largely illiterate and unskilled labour force, and extremely inadequate infrastructure. The 1872 census revealed that 91.3% of
544-584: A constant process of industrial land acquisition and the creation of required support infrastructure. Since then, there has been a massive influx of several European companies who continue to be keen on setting up manufacturing facilities in the city. The city serves as headquarters to many companies. Major industrial areas around Pune are Chakan , Chinchwad , Bhosari , Pirangut , Hinjawadi , Talegaon , Talawade , Urse . The Independent referred Chakan as India's "Motor City". The Kirloskar Group , one of India's largest manufacturers and exporters of pumps and
680-518: A decreasing percentage of its total labour. India is a net importer of many minerals including coal. India's mining sector decline is because of complex permit, regulatory and administrative procedures, inadequate infrastructure, shortage of capital resources, and slow adoption of environmentally sustainable technologies. India surpassed Japan as the second largest steel producer in January 2019. As per worldsteel, India's crude steel production in 2018
816-480: A large government-run public sector , business regulation , and central planning , while trade and foreign investment policies were relatively liberal. Five-Year Plans of India resembled central planning in the Soviet Union . Steel, mining, machine tools, telecommunications, insurance, and power plants, among other industries, were effectively nationalised in the mid-1950s. The Indian economy of this period
952-559: A less-powerful effect on the rest of the economy. There is no doubt that our grievances against the British Empire had a sound basis. As the painstaking statistical work of the Cambridge historian Angus Maddison has shown, India's share of world income collapsed from 22.6% in 1700, almost equal to Europe's share of 23.3% at that time, to as low as 3.8% in 1952. Indeed, at the beginning of the 20th century, "the brightest jewel in
1088-591: A majority(80) were Deshastha Brahmins , 46 were Chitpawan , 15 were Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu ( CKP ) whereas Karhade Brahmin and Saraswat accounted for 11 families each. The Third Anglo-Maratha War broke out between the Marathas and the British East India Company in 1817. The Peshwas were defeated at the Battle of Khadki (then spelled Kirkee) on 5 November near Pune and
1224-752: A modern metropolis. The Poona Municipal Council was reorganised to form the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) in 1950. The education sector in the city continued its growth in the post-independence era with the establishment of the University of Pune (now, Savitribai Phule Pune University ) in 1949, the National Chemical Laboratory in 1950 and the National Defence Academy in 1955. The establishment of Hindustan Antibiotics in 1954 marked
1360-406: A number of private hospitals such as Ranka Hospital, Sahyadri , Jahangir Nursing Home, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Sancheti Hospital, Aditya Birla Memorial Hospital , KEM Hospital , Ruby Hall , Naidu Hospital and Smile Inn Dental Clinic Pune. Pune is a well known manufacturing and industrial center of India. With an estimated nominal GDP of Rs. 3,31,478 crores for year 2019–20, Pune District
1496-803: A number of reforms aimed at boosting MSMEs' growth in India while also improving their international competitiveness. Machinery and equipment market is expected to grow 8% from 2024-2029.India's Industrial Machinery Equipment and Tools market size is expected to be 210 Billion $ in 2023.The rise in R&;D and large number of startups has led to increase in investment in tools, industrial equipment, robotics, industrial automation, pharmaceutical machinery, mining & construction equipment. Indian Government has launched an initiative in promoting electrification of fossil-fuel based equipment hence reducing carbon footprint and leading to new innovations. India has, in 2022,
SECTION 10
#17327873106241632-541: A part of the crops at harvest time for their services. The Indian economy was the largest and most prosperous throughout world history and would continue to be under the Mughal Empire , up until the 18th century. Sean Harkin estimates that China and India may have accounted for 60 to 70 percent of world GDP in the 17th century. The Mughal economy functioned on an elaborate system of coined currency, land revenue and trade. Gold, silver and copper coins were issued by
1768-590: A period of deindustrialization in the latter half of the 18th century as an indirect outcome of the collapse of the Mughal Empire. Indian economic policy after independence was influenced by the colonial experience, which was seen as exploitative by Indian leaders exposed to the planned economy of the Soviet Union . Domestic policy tended towards protectionism, with a strong emphasis on import substitution industrialisation , economic interventionism ,
1904-479: A recession in India, the most severe since 1979. The Indian Economy contracted by 6.6 percent which was lower than the estimated 7.3 percent decline. In 2022, the ratings agency Fitch Ratings upgraded India's outlook to stable similar to S&P Global Ratings and Moody's Investors Service 's outlooks. In the first quarter of financial year 2022–2023, the Indian economy grew by 13.5%. The following table shows
2040-579: A reported 1,319 mines of which reporting mines for metallic minerals were estimated at 545 and non-metallic minerals at 775. Mining contributed to 1,75% of GDP and employed directly or undirecly 11 million people in 2021. India's mining industry was the fourth-largest producer of minerals in the world by volume, and eighth-largest producer by value in 2009. In 2013, it mined and processed 89 minerals, of which four were fuel, three were atomic energy minerals, and 80 non-fuel. The public sector accounted for 68% of mineral production by volume in 2011–12. India has
2176-544: A result, the city saw a huge influx of people due to opportunities offered by the manufacturing, and lately, the software industries. The breach in the Panshet dam and the resulting flood of 1961 led to severe damage and the destruction of housing close to the river banks. The mishap spurred the development of new suburbs and housing complexes. To integrate urban planning, the Pune Metropolitan Region
2312-451: A standard used by the India's National Council of Applied Economic Research. India's gross domestic savings rate stood at 29.3% of GDP in 2022. For a continuous duration of nearly 1700 years from the year 1 CE, India was the world's largest economy, constituting 35 to 40% of the world GDP. The combination of protectionist , import-substitution , Fabian socialism , and social democratic -inspired policies governed India for sometime after
2448-417: A state of growth and decline due to changes brought in by colonialism and a world that was moving towards industrialisation and economic integration . Several economic historians have argued that Indian real wages declined in the early 19th century, or possibly beginning in the very late 18th century, largely as a result of British colonial rule. According to Prasannan Parthasarathi and Sashi Sivramkrishna,
2584-414: A total annual precipitation of 4,000 billion cubic metres, with the total utilisable water resources , including surface and groundwater , amounting to 1,123 billion cubic metres. 546,820 square kilometres (211,130 sq mi) of the land area, or about 39% of the total cultivated area, is irrigated. India's inland water resources and marine resources provide employment to nearly 6 million people in
2720-482: Is 100 km (62 mi) north of the seismically active zone around Koyna Dam . The India Meteorological Department has assessed this area as being in Zone 3 , on a scale of 2 to 5, with 5 being the most prone to earthquakes. Pune has experienced some moderate – and many low – intensity earthquakes in its history. The city has a population of 3,124,458; while 5,057,709 people reside in
2856-452: Is May. The city often has heavy dusty winds in May, with humidity remaining high. Even during the hottest months, the nights are usually cool due to Pune's high altitude. The highest temperature recorded was 43.3 °C (109.9 °F) on 30 April 1897. The monsoon lasts from June to October, with moderate rainfall and temperatures ranging from 22 to 28 °C (72 to 82 °F). Most of
SECTION 20
#17327873106242992-662: Is a developing mixed economy with a notable public sector in strategic sectors. It is the world's fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP and the third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP); on a per capita income basis, India ranked 141th by GDP (nominal) and 125th by GDP (PPP) . From independence in 1947 until 1991, successive governments followed the Soviet model and promoted protectionist economic policies, with extensive Sovietization , state intervention , demand-side economics , natural resources , bureaucrat driven enterprises and economic regulation . This
3128-584: Is a controversial topic. Leaders of the Indian independence movement and economic historians have blamed colonial rule for India's poor economic performance following independence and argued that the capital required for the Industrial Revolution in Britain came from India. At the same time, other historians have countered that India's poor economic performance was due to various sectors being in
3264-593: Is also home to the world's largest vaccine manufacturer, Serum Institute of India . Pune is situated at approximately 18° 32" north latitude and 73° 51" east longitude. The city's total area is 15.642 km , and the municipal corporation area covers 518 km . By road Pune is 149 km (93 mi) south-east of Mumbai , 580 km (360 mi) south-west of Indore , 695 km (432 mi) west of Nagpur , 1,173 km (729 mi) south of Delhi , 734 km (456 mi) north of Bangalore , 562 km (349 mi) north-west of Hyderabad . Pune lies on
3400-906: Is also planned in Balewadi. When the Elite Football League of India was introduced in August 2011, Pune was noted as one of eight cities to be awarded a team for the inaugural season, although the team's games will be played in Balewadi. Nearest hospitals include: A recent attraction in this location is the High Street Area, which has many upscale restaurants and pubs setting up here, which has seen influx of party goers. Pune Pune ( / ˈ p uː n ə / POO -nə , Marathi: [ˈpuɳe] , ISO : Puṇē ), previously spelled in English as Poona (
3536-514: Is characterised as Dirigism . Never talk to me about profit, Jeh, it is a dirty word. Jawaharlal Nehru , the first prime minister of India , along with the statistician Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis , formulated and oversaw economic policy during the initial years of the country's independence. They expected favourable outcomes from their strategy, involving the rapid development of heavy industry by both public and private sectors , and based on direct and indirect state intervention, rather than
3672-1042: Is characterised as dirigism , in the form of the Licence Raj . The end of the Cold War and an acute balance of payments crisis in 1991 led to the adoption of a broad economic liberalisation in India and indicative planning . Since the start of the 21st century, annual average GDP growth has been 6% to 7%., India has about 1,900 public sector companies , Indian state has complete control and ownership of railways , highways ; majority control and stake in banking , insurance , farming , dairy , fertilizers & chemicals, airports , nuclear , mining, digitization , defense , steel , rare earths, water, electricity, oil and gas industries and power plants, and has substantial control over digitalization , Broadband as national infrastructure , telecommunication , supercomputing , space , port and shipping industries , among other industries, were effectively nationalised in
3808-484: Is much lower than the average for OECD nations. With 586 million workers, the Indian labour force is the world's second-largest . Despite having one of the longest working hours , India has one of the lowest workforce productivity levels in the world. Economists often say that due to structural economic problems, India is experiencing jobless economic growth . During the Great Recession ,
3944-512: Is one of the largest IT hubs in India . It is also one of the most important automobile and manufacturing hubs of India. Pune is often referred to as the "Oxford of the East" because of its educational institutions . It has been ranked "the most liveable city in India" several times. Pune at different points in time has been ruled by the Rashtrakuta dynasty , Ahmadnagar Sultanate ,
4080-602: Is ranked among the 10 worst in the world, while it has a relatively favourable ranking when it comes to protecting minority investors or getting credit. The strong efforts taken by the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) to boost ease of doing business rankings at the state level is said to affect the overall rankings of India. During the COVID-19 pandemic , numerous rating agencies downgraded India's GDP predictions for FY21 to negative figures, signalling
4216-514: Is the official and most-spoken language. Pune, being the cultural capital of Maharashtra, is a centre for Marathi literature and its dialect forms the basis for the written standard of Marathi. As a destination for migrants throughout India, Hindi is also widely-spoken, as is Dakhni Urdu by the Muslim community. Gujarati and Marwari are spoken by the business community. Pune Municipal Corporation and Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation are
Balewadi - Misplaced Pages Continue
4352-694: Is the seat of the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Poona . Pune has Jain temples dating back to the Peshwa era. At present, there are more than one hundred Jain temples in PMR with the one at Katraj being the largest. Pune has over 20 Gurdwaras, with Gurdwara Guru Nanak Darbar in Pune Camp and Gurdwara Shri Guru Singh Sabha in Ganesh Peth being the ones situated in the heart of
4488-575: Is the third largest contributor to the economy of Maharashtra, after Mumbai and Thane. Pune has the fifth largest metropolitan economy and the sixth highest per capita income in the country. As per the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (Government of Maharashtra), the GDP per capita of Pune District in 2019–20 was Rs. 3,16,848. In 2014–15, the manufacturing sector provided employment to over 500,000 people. The formation of MIDC in 1962 resulted in
4624-488: Is the world's sixth-largest manufacturer , representing 2.6% of global manufacturing output. Nearly 65% of India's population is rural, and contributes about 50% of India's GDP. India faces high unemployment , rising income inequality , and a drop in aggregate demand . According to the World Bank , 93% of India's population lived on less than $ 10 per day, and 99% lived on less than $ 20 per day in 2021. According to
4760-531: Is very small, with 70% of holdings being less than one hectare (2.5 acres) in size. Irrigation facilities are inadequate, as revealed by the fact that only 46% of the total cultivable land was irrigated as of 2016, resulting in farmers still being dependent on rainfall, specifically the monsoon season , which is often inconsistent and unevenly distributed across the country. In an effort to bring an additional 20,000,000 hectares (49,000,000 acres) of land under irrigation, various schemes have been attempted, including
4896-523: The Paduka (symbolic sandals) of these saints are carried in a pilgrimage , the Pandharpur Vari , to meet Vithoba. The procession makes a stopover in the city on its way to Pandharpur attracting hundreds of thousands of Varkaris and devotees. Other important Hindu pilgrimage sites in PMR or the district include Jejuri , and five of Ashtavinayak Ganesh temples. The Shrutisagar Ashram houses
5032-548: The Ease of doing business index and 40th on the Global Competitiveness Index. India has one of the world's highest number of billionaires and extreme income inequality . Economists and social scientists often consider India a welfare state . India is officially declared a socialist state as per the constitution . India's overall social welfare spending stood at 8.6% of GDP in 2021-22, which
5168-485: The Indus Valley civilisation , a permanent settlement that flourished between 2800 BCE and 1800 BCE, practised agriculture, domesticated animals, used uniform weights and measures, made tools and weapons, and traded with other cities. Evidence of well-planned streets, a drainage system, and water supply reveals their knowledge of urban planning , which included the first-known urban sanitation systems and
5304-626: The Indus valley housed several centres of river-borne commerce. Most overland trade was carried out via the Khyber Pass connecting the Punjab region with Afghanistan and onward to the Middle East and Central Asia. Although many kingdoms and rulers issued coins, barter was prevalent. Villages paid a portion of their agricultural produce as revenue to the rulers, while their craftsmen received
5440-578: The Kasba Ganapati temple. The Ganesha idol consecrated at this temple has been regarded as the presiding deity ( Gramadevata ) of the city. Pune changed hands between the Mughals and the Marathas many times during the rest of the 1600s.Recognizing the military potential of Pune, the Mughal general Shaista Khan and later, the emperor Aurangzeb further developed the areas around the town. Pune
5576-636: The Licence Raj , reduced tariffs and interest rates and ended many public monopolies, allowing automatic approval of foreign direct investment in many sectors. Since then, the overall thrust of liberalisation has remained the same, although no government has tried to take on powerful lobbies such as trade unions and farmers, on contentious issues such as reforming labour laws and reducing agricultural subsidies . This has been accompanied by increases in life expectancy, literacy rates, and food security, although urban residents have benefited more than rural residents. From 2010, India has risen from ninth-largest to
Balewadi - Misplaced Pages Continue
5712-874: The Maratha empire era under the Maratha and Peshwa rule of the city in the 18th century, before the arrival of the British . Pune is home to many distinctive peths, or place names, for various neighbourhoods. The majority of them bore the names of their founders and days of the week. Pune has a tropical wet and dry ( Köppen Aw ) climate, closely bordering upon a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh ) with average temperatures ranging between 20 and 28 °C (68 and 82 °F). Pune experiences three seasons: summer, monsoon , and winter. Typical summer months are from mid-March to mid-June, with maximum temperatures sometimes reaching 42 °C (108 °F). The warmest month in Pune
5848-643: The Mediterranean region and southeast Asia. Over time, traders organised themselves into associations which received state patronage. This state patronage for overseas trade came to an end by the thirteenth century CE, when it was largely taken over by the local Parsi, Jewish, Syrian Christian, and Muslim communities, initially on the Malabar and subsequently on the Coromandel coast. Other scholars suggest trading from India to West Asia and Eastern Europe
5984-939: The Mughals , and the Adil Shahi dynasty . In the 18th century, the city was part of the Maratha Empire , and the seat of the Peshwas , the prime ministers of the Maratha Empire. Pune was seized by the British East India Company in the Third Anglo-Maratha War ; it gained municipal status in 1858, the year in which Crown rule began. Many historical landmarks like Shaniwarwada , Shinde Chhatri , and Vishrambaug Wada date to this era. Historical sites from different eras dot
6120-475: The PMC , six townships with up to 15,000 housing units existed in Pune in 2012 and 25 more were in the planning process. The Mercer 2017 Quality of Living Rankings evaluated living conditions in more than 440 cities around the world and ranked Pune at 145, second highest in India after Hyderabad at 144. The same source highlights Pune as being among evolving business centres and as one of nine emerging cities around
6256-731: The Soviet Union , which was India's major trading partner, and the Gulf War , which caused a spike in oil prices, resulted in a major balance-of-payments crisis for India, which found itself facing the prospect of defaulting on its loans. India asked for a $ 1.8 billion bailout loan from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which in return demanded de-regulation. In response, the Narasimha Rao government, including Finance Minister Manmohan Singh , initiated economic reforms in 1991. The reforms did away with
6392-498: The 1970s and 1980s. The Osho International Meditation Resort , one of the world's largest spiritual centres, is located in Koregaon Park and attracts visitors from over a hundred countries. The meditation resort organises music and meditation festival every year during monsoon, known as Osho Monsoon Festival . Number of well known artists around the world participates in the event. Languages of Pune M Corp (2011) Marathi
6528-423: The 19th century created an institutional environment that, on paper, guaranteed property rights among the colonisers, encouraged free trade , and created a single currency with fixed exchange rates , standardised weights and measures and capital markets within the company-held territories. It also established a system of railways and telegraphs, a civil service that aimed to be free from political interference,
6664-594: The 722 mm (28.43 in) of annual rainfall in the city falls between June and September, and July is the wettest month of the year. Hailstorms are not unheard of. For most of December and January the daytime temperature hovers around 29 °C (84.2 °F) while overnight temperatures are below 12 °C (53.6 °F). On 11 May 2023, Koregaon Park recorded a temperature of 44.4 °C (112 °F) Pune has been ranked 23rd best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' Pune
6800-472: The 9th century an agricultural settlement known as Punnaka existed at the location of the modern Pune. The plates indicate that this region was ruled by the Rashtrakuta dynasty . The Pataleshwar rock-cut temple complex was built during this era. Pune was part of the territory ruled by the Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri from the 9th century to 1327. Pune was under control of various Muslim sultanates until
6936-681: The Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) which was provided ₹ 800 billion (equivalent to ₹ 1.2 trillion or US$ 14 billion in 2023) in the Union Budget . Farming incomes are also hampered by lack of food storage and distribution infrastructure; a third of India's agricultural production is lost from spoilage. India began its first few steps during the years 1978-80 when early conditions for SMEs or entrepreneurship were hostile too. 63 million MSMEs in India which contribute 35% to
SECTION 50
#17327873106247072-470: The Asian, African and other countries. The low productivity in India is a result of several factors.Over-regulation of agriculture has increased costs, price risks and uncertainty, and governmental intervention in labour, land, and credit are hurting the market. Infrastructure such as rural roads, electricity, ports, food storage, retail markets and services remain inadequate. The average size of land holdings
7208-596: The British Crown" was the poorest country in the world in terms of per capita income. From the beginning of the 19th century, the British East India Company 's gradual expansion and consolidation of power brought a major change in taxation and agricultural policies, which tended to promote commercialisation of agriculture with a focus on trade, resulting in decreased production of food crops, mass impoverishment and destitution of farmers, and in
7344-611: The British, and numerous suburbs . There are several Peths in usual localities of the Pune city. The industrial growth in the Pimpri , Chinchwad , Akurdi , Nigdi and nearby areas allowed these areas to incorporate a new governing municipal corporation. The Pune Metropolitan Region (PMR), initially defined in 1967, has grown to 7,256 km made up of the ten talukas of the Pune district . The areas of PMC and PCMC along with
7480-569: The German Bakery in the upmarket Koregaon Park neighbourhood in eastern Pune, killing 17 and injuring 60. Evidence suggested that the Indian Mujahideen terrorist group carried out the attack. Pune has evolved greatly since Indian Independence, from notable universities, colleges and management schools, earning it the nickname of the 'Oxford Of The East', to being one of the most important automobile manufacturing hub. Pune
7616-434: The Mughal Empire were sold throughout the world. Key industries included textiles, shipbuilding , and steel, and processed exports included cotton textiles, yarns , thread , silk, jute products, metalware , and foods such as sugar, oils and butter. Cities and towns boomed under the Mughal Empire, which had a relatively high degree of urbanization for its time, with 15% of its population living in urban centres, higher than
7752-467: The Mula-Mutha river into a dead river. The Pune municipal corporation has undertaken plans to restore life into the rivers. PMC is also responsible for collecting solid waste. Around 1,600 tons of solid waste is generated in Pune each day. The waste consists of 53% organic, compostable material; and 47% inorganic material, of which around half is recyclable. The unrecovered solid waste is transported to
7888-529: The PMC elected in February 2017 has 162 corporators representing 41 multi-member wards (39 with 4 corporators each and 2 with 3 each). The general body, in turn, elects the mayor and the deputy mayor. The mayor has a ceremonial role as the first citizen and ambassador of the city while the actual executive power lies with the municipal commissioner. For policy deliberations, corporators form several committees. Perhaps
8024-489: The PMR is provided by private and public facilities. Primary care is provided by practitioners of Allopathic medicine as well as traditional and alternative medicine (i.e. Ayurved , Homeopathy and Unani ). For minor and chronic ailments, people in the region often rely on practitioners of traditional medicine. The PMR is served by three government hospitals: Sassoon Hospital , Budhrani and Dr Ambedkar Hospital. There are also
8160-495: The Pune Urban Agglomeration as of the 2011 census . The latter was c. 4,485,000 in 2005. According to the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC), 40% of the population lived in slums in 2001. Since Pune is a major industrial metropolis, it has attracted migrants from all parts of India. The number of people migrating to Pune rose from 43,900 in 2001 to 88,200 in 2005. The sharp increase in population during
8296-543: The Rashtrakuta dynasty, the city was referred to as Punnaka and Punyapur. The copper plates of 758 and 768 CE show that the Yadava dynasty had renamed the city Punakavishaya and Punya Vishaya. 'Vishaya' means land, and 'Punaka' and 'Punya' mean holy. The city was known as Kasbe Pune when under the command of Maratha king Shivaji 's father, Shahaji . Mughal emperor Aurangzeb renamed a small neighbourhood in central part of
SECTION 60
#17327873106248432-718: The Vedanta Research Centre and a unique temple of Dakshinamurthy . Prominent mosques include Roshan Masjid, Chand Tara Masjid, Jama Masjid, and Azam Campus Masjid, Manusha Masjid. Chand Tara Masjid, located in Nana Peth , is one of the biggest and most important mosques in Pune as it is the city headquarters ( markaz ) for the Tablighi Jamaat . Pune is also the birthplace of Meher Baba , although his followers usually travel to Meherabad to visit his tomb. Hazrat Babajan , identified by Meher Baba as one of
8568-411: The area that supply water to the city and the greater metropolitan area. The city lacks the capacity to treat all the sewage it generates, which leads to the Mutha river containing only sewage outside the monsoon months. In 2009 only 65% of sewage generated was treated before being discharged into the rivers. According to Anwesha Borthakur and Pardeep Singh, unplanned and haphazard development has turned
8704-529: The beginning of industrial development in the Hadapsar , Bhosari , and Pimpri areas. MIDC provided the necessary infrastructure for new businesses to set up operations. In the 1970s, several engineering companies were set up in the city, allowing it to vie with Chennai . In the 1990s, Pune began to attract foreign capital, particularly in the information technology and engineering industries. IT parks were established in Aundh , Viman Nagar , Hinjawadi , Wagholi , Kharadi and Balewadi - Baner region. As
8840-415: The city was a centre of agitation led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Bal Gangadhar Tilak . The city was also a centre for social reform led by Gopal Ganesh Agarkar , Mahatma Jyotirao Phule , feminist Tarabai Shinde , Dhondo Keshav Karve and Pandita Ramabai . They demanded the abolition of caste prejudice, equal rights for women, harmony between the Hindu and Muslim communities, and better schools for
8976-493: The city was seized by the British. It was placed under the administration of the Bombay Presidency and the British built a large military cantonment to the east of the city (now used by the Indian Army ).The old city and the cantonment areas followed different patterns of development, with the latter being developed more on European lines to cater for the needs of the British military class. The old city had narrow lanes and areas segregated by caste and religion. The settlement of
9112-576: The city, including the Lakdi Pul and the temples on Parvati Hill and many Maruti , Vithoba , Vishnu , Mahadeo , Rama , Krishna , and Ganesh temples. The building of temples led to religion being responsible for about 15% of the city's economy during this period. Pune prospered as a city during the reign of Nanasaheb Peshwa. He developed Saras Baug , Heera Baug, Parvati Hill and new commercial, trading , and residential localities. Sadashiv Peth , Narayan Peth , Rasta Peth and Nana Peth were developed. The Peshwa's influence in India declined after
9248-440: The city. Balewadi is linked to Pune Municipal Corporation , Pune Cantonment , Chinchwad and Alandi by Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited (PMPML) buses. The Katraj - Dehu Road corridor passes through Balewadi. Balewadi is connected to Pune via Baner Road . There are PMPML buses going to Hinjawadi via Balewadi. Bus rapid transit is planned from the airport to Balewadi from Pune Municipal Corporation . And
9384-474: The city. Pune has historically been a major cultural centre, with important figures like Dnyaneshwar , Shivaji , Tukaram , Baji Rao I , Balaji Baji Rao , Madhavrao I , Nana Fadnavis , Mahadev Govind Ranade , Gopal Krishna Gokhale , Mahatma Jyotirao Phule , Savitribai Phule , Gopal Ganesh Agarkar , Tarabai Shinde , Dhondo Keshav Karve , and Pandita Ramabai doing their life's work in Pune City or in an area that falls in Pune Metropolitan Region . Pune
9520-469: The city. As agriculture has dwindled in recent decades, immigration of the erstwhile rural peoples now accounts for 70 per cent of the population growth. The average literacy rate of Pune was 86.15% in 2011 compared to 80.45% in 2001. Hinduism is the major religion, practised by a little under 80% of people in Pune. Other religions with a significant presence include Islam , Buddhism , Jainism , Christianity , Sikhism and Zoroastrianism . Of
9656-408: The city. The 19th-century Ohel David Synagogue , known locally as Lal Deval, is said to be one of the largest synagogues in Asia outside Israel. The Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy Agiary is a prominent Zoroastrian temple. Pune has been associated with several significant recent spiritual teachers. The controversial Guru Osho , formerly the self-styled Bhagwan Rajneesh, lived and taught in Pune for much of
9792-627: The civic bodies responsible for local government . It comprises two branches, the executive branch headed by the Municipal Commissioner, an IAS officer appointed by the Government of Maharashtra , and an elected deliberative branch, the general body, headed by the Mayor of Pune . Municipal elections are held every five years to elect councillors, commonly known as "corporators", who form the general body. The current general body of
9928-447: The colonial policies of the British, led to a massive drain of revenue rather than any systematic effort at modernisation of the domestic economy. The economy of the Indian subcontinent was the largest in the world for most of recorded history up until the onset of colonialism in early 19th century. Under British rule, India's share of the world economy declined from 24.4% in 1700 down to 4.2% in 1950. India's GDP (PPP) per capita
10064-559: The confluence of the Mula and Mutha rivers. The Pavana , a tributary of Mula river and Indrayani river , a tributary of the Bhima river , traverse the northwest Neighbourhoods of Pune. The modern city of Pune has many distinct neighbourhoods . These include the numerous peths of the old city on the eastern bank of the Mutha river, the cantonment areas of Khadki and Camp established by
10200-476: The constraints impeding the growth of the sector are resolved.According to Annual MSME Report 2021-22, over 90 per cent of India’s 6.3 crore MSMEs are in the micro-segment. Within the micro sector, 62 per cent firms are self-employments which no workers, another 32 per cent have two or three workers and just 6-7 per cent have four workers or above (up to 19). In 2023, SME IPOs set a record-breaking year with 179 listings. In Budget 2023, The government has implemented
10336-610: The country through the export of cashew kernels during FY 2023 reached 356M$ . 76,624 tonnes (75,414 long tons; 84,464 short tons) of kernels were exported during 2023. There are about 600 cashew processing units in Kollam , Kerala. India's foodgrain production stagnant at approximately 316 megatonnes (311 million long tons; 348 million short tons) during 2020–21. India exports several agriculture products, such as Basmati rice, wheat, cereals, spices, fresh fruits, dry fruits, cotton, tea, coffee, milk products and other cash crops to
10472-414: The country’s GDP provides employment to 111.4 million persons and accounts for more than 40% of India’s exports and are hailed as the ‘growth engines’ of the economy.China has been creating 16,000-18,000 new enterprises per day for the last 5 years. When you compare that with India, it is about 1000-1100 per day. Micro and small enterprises have the potential to resolve India’s unemployment crisis provided
10608-530: The decade 1991–2001 led to the absorption of 38 fringe villages into the city. The top five source areas of migrants are Karnataka , Uttar Pradesh , Andhra Pradesh , Gujarat , and Rajasthan . The Sindhis in the city are mostly refugees and their descendants, who came to the area after the partition of India in 1947. Initially they settled in the Pimpri area, which is still home to a large number of Sindhi people . However, they are also present in other parts of
10744-617: The defeat of Maratha forces at the Battle of Panipat but Pune remained the seat of power. In 1802 Pune was captured by Yashwantrao Holkar in the Battle of Poona , directly precipitating the Second Anglo-Maratha War of 1803–1805. The Peshwa rule ended with the defeat of Peshwa Bajirao II by the British East India Company in 1818. Historian Govind Sakharam Sardesai lists 163 prominent families that held high ranks and played significant roles in politics, military, and finance in 18th century Pune. Of these 163 families,
10880-459: The dumping grounds in Urali devachi. The state owned Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited supplies electricity to the city. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), owned by the central government , as well as private enterprises such as Reliance Jio , Bharti Airtel and Vodafone Idea are the leading telephone and cell phone service providers in the city. Healthcare in
11016-735: The economy faced a mild slowdown. India endorsed Keynesian policy and initiated stimulus measures (both fiscal and monetary ) to boost growth and generate demand . In subsequent years, economic growth revived. In 2021–22, the foreign direct investment (FDI) in India was $ 82 billion. The leading sectors for FDI inflows were the Finance, Banking, Insurance and R&D. India has free trade agreements with several nations and blocs, including ASEAN , SAFTA , Mercosur , South Korea, Japan, Australia, UAE, and several others which are in effect or under negotiating stage. In recent years, independent economists and financial institutions have accused
11152-439: The edge of the city of Pune until 1997, when it was integrated into the limits of the Pune Municipal Corporation along with 22 other villages in various parts of the city. Balewadi, along with neighbouring areas of Aundh and Baner are planned for development as part of the broader Smart Cities Mission initiated by the Government of India in 2015. The selected area will be developed as a model to be replicated in other parts of
11288-416: The end of British rule . The economy was then characterised as Dirigism , It had extensive regulation, protectionism , public ownership of large monopolies, pervasive corruption and slow growth. Since 1991, continuing economic liberalisation has moved the country towards a market-based economy . By 2008, India had established itself as one of the world's faster-growing economies. The citizens of
11424-464: The existence of a form of municipal government. Maritime trade was carried out extensively between southern regions of India and Southeast Asia and West Asia from early times until around the fourteenth century CE. Both the Malabar and Coromandel Coasts were the sites of important trading centres from as early as the first century BCE, used for import and export as well as transit points between
11560-437: The fifth-largest economies in the world by nominal GDP in 2019 by surpassing UK, France , Italy and Brazil . India started recovery in 2013–14 when the GDP growth rate accelerated to 6.4% from the previous year's 5.5%. The acceleration continued through 2014–15 and 2015–16 with growth rates of 7.5% and 8.0% respectively. For the first time since 1990, India grew faster than China which registered 6.9% growth in 2015. However
11696-463: The fisheries sector. In 2023, according to the Ministry of Fisheries, India is the 3rd largest fish producing and 2nd largest aquaculture producing nation in the world. India is the largest producer of milk, jute and pulses , and has the world's largest cattle population with 303 million animals in 2023. It is the second-largest producer of rice, wheat, sugarcane, cotton and groundnuts , as well as
11832-516: The five perfect masters , has a shrine ( Dargah ) erected in her honour under a neem tree in Pune Camp . Pune has a distinct Christian community comprising Roman Catholic , Pentecostals , CNI , Methodist , Presbyterians , Christian Missionaries helped in setting up schools and colleges all over and also spread the message of faith. The city has several churches dedicated to different Christian denominations such as St. Anthony's Shrine and Dapodi Church. St. Patrick's Cathedral built in 1850
11968-429: The government of manipulating various economic data , especially GDP growth rate . The service sector makes up more than 50% of GDP and remains the fastest growing sector, while the industrial sector and the agricultural sector employs a majority of the labor force. The Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange are some of the world's largest stock exchanges by market capitalisation . India
12104-581: The government's permission for the salary I pay to a senior executive. Since 1965, the use of high-yielding varieties of seeds , increased fertilisers and improved irrigation facilities collectively contributed to the Green Revolution in India , which improved the condition of agriculture by increasing crop productivity, improving crop patterns and strengthening forward and backward linkages between agriculture and industry. However, it has also been criticised as an unsustainable effort, resulting in
12240-403: The grain wages of Indian weavers were likely comparable to that of their British counterparts and their average income was around five times the subsistence level, which was comparable to advanced parts of Europe. However they concluded that due to the scarcity of data, it was hard to draw definitive conclusions and that more research was required. It has also been argued that India went through
12376-438: The growth of capitalistic farming, ignoring institutional reforms and widening income disparities. In 1984, Rajiv Gandhi promised economic liberalization, he made V. P. Singh the finance minister, who tried to reduce tax evasion and tax receipts rose due to this crackdown although taxes were lowered. This process lost its momentum during the later tenure of Mr. Gandhi as his government was marred by scandals. The collapse of
12512-581: The growth rate subsequently decelerated, to 7.1% and 6.6% in 2016–17 and 2017–18 respectively, partly because of the disruptive effects of 2016 Indian banknote demonetisation and the Goods and Services Tax (India) . India is ranked 63rd out of 190 countries in the World Bank's 2020 ease of doing business index , up 14 points from the last year's 100 and up 37 points in just two years. In terms of dealing with construction permits and enforcing contracts, it
12648-654: The guardian deities of the city. Dagadusheth Halwai Ganapati Temple is the richest Ganesh temple in Pune. Pune district has two of the most important pilgrimage centres of the Varkari sect of the Bhakti movement in Maharashtra, namely Alandi where the samadhi of 13th century Saint Dnyaneshwar is located and Dehu where the 17th century Saint Tukaram lived. Every year in the Hindu month of Ashadh (June/July),
12784-591: The largest infrastructure pumping project contractor in Asia, is headquartered in Pune. Kalyani Group headquartered in Pune owns Bharat Forge which operates world's largest single location forging facility consisting of fully automated forging press lines and state-of-the-art machining facility in Pune. Bajaj Auto , headquartered in Pune, is ranked as the world's fourth largest two and three wheeler manufacturer. Manufacturing in India The economy of India
12920-519: The late 1600s. Pune was part of the Jagir (fiefdom) granted by the Nizamshahi (Ahmadnagar Sultanate) to Maloji Bhosale in 1599. Maloji Bhosale passed on Jagir of Pune to his son Shahaji Bhosale . The town was destroyed by Murar Jagdeo, a general from the rival Adil Shahi dynasty in 1636.Soon Shahaji himself joined Adilshahi and got his Pune jagir back.At that time he selected the town for
13056-575: The late 17th century to the early 18th century, Mughal India accounted for 95% of British imports from Asia, and the Bengal Subah province alone accounted for 40% of Dutch imports from Asia. In contrast, there was very little demand for European goods in Mughal India, which was largely self-sufficient. Indian goods, especially those from Bengal, were also exported in large quantities to other Asian markets, such as Indonesia and Japan. At
13192-834: The law enforcement agency for the city of Pune. It is a division of the Maharashtra Police and is headed by the Police Commissioner , an officer of the Indian Police Service . The Pune Police Department reports to the State Ministry of Home Affairs. A separate police commissionerate was announced for PCMC, Pune in April 2018 to be carved out of the historic Pune Police Department. The new commissionerate took charge on 15 August 2018. Pune Metropolitan Region Development Authority (PMRDA)
13328-399: The main economic indicators in 1980–2022 (with IMF staff estimates in 2023–2028). Inflation below 5% is in green. The annual unemployment rate is extracted from the World Bank , although the International Monetary Fund finds them unreliable. Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry, logging and fishing accounted for 18.4% of the GDP, the sector employed 51.2 crore persons or 45.5% of
13464-540: The many Hindu temples in the city, the Parvati temple complex on Parvati Hill and at least 250 others date back to the 18th century. These temples were commissioned by the Peshwas , who ruled the city at the time, and are dedicated to various deities including Maruti , Vithoba , Vishnu , Mahadeo , Rama , Krishna and Ganesh . The historic temples of Kasba Ganapati , the Tambadi (Red) Jogeshwari are considered
13600-524: The mid-1950s. Nearly 70% of India's GDP is driven by domestic consumption; country remains the world's fourth-largest consumer market . Apart from private consumption , India's GDP is also fueled by government spending , investments , and exports . In 2022, India was the world's 10th-largest importer and the 8th-largest exporter . India has been a member of the World Trade Organization since 1 January 1995. It ranks 63rd on
13736-497: The more extreme Soviet-style central command system. The policy of concentrating simultaneously on capital- and technology-intensive heavy industry and subsidising manual, low-skill cottage industries was criticised by economist Milton Friedman , who thought it would waste capital and labour, and retard the development of small manufacturers. I cannot decide how much to borrow, what shares to issue, at what price, what wages and bonus to pay, and what dividend to give. I even need
13872-401: The most important of these is the 16-member Standing Committee, half of whose members retire every year. The Standing Committee and the 15 ward committees are in charge of financial approvals. PMC was ranked 8th out of 21 Indian cities for best governance and administrative practices in 2014. It scored 3.5 out of 10 compared to the national average of 3.3. The Pune City Police Department is
14008-548: The official name until 1978 ), is a city in the state of Maharashtra in the Deccan plateau in Western India . It is the administrative headquarters of the Pune district , and of Pune division . According to the 2011 Census of India , Pune has 7.2 million residents in the metropolitan region , making it the seventh-most populous metropolitan area in India . The city of Pune is part of Pune Metropolitan Region . Pune
14144-564: The old city as Muhiyabad (the only divergent naming) some time between 1703 and 1705 in memory of his great-grandson Muhi-ul-Milan, who died there. The name Muhiyabad was reverted soon after Aurangzeb's death. Anglicized to Poona in 1857 by the English during British rule, the city's name was changed to Pune in 1978. [REDACTED] Maratha Empire 1674–1818 [REDACTED] Bombay Presidency 1818–1947 [REDACTED] Bombay State 1947–1960 [REDACTED] Maharashtra 1960–Present Copper plates dated 858 and 868 CE show that by
14280-461: The percentage of the urban population in contemporary Europe at the time and higher than that of British India in the 19th century. In early modern Europe , there was significant demand for products from Mughal India, particularly cotton textiles, as well as goods such as spices, peppers, indigo , silks, and saltpeter (for use in munitions ). European fashion , for example, became increasingly dependent on Mughal Indian textiles and silks. From
14416-525: The policy of discriminating protection (where certain important industries were given financial protection by the state), coupled with the Second World War, saw the development and dispersal of industries, encouraging rural-urban migration, and in particular, the large port cities of Bombay , Calcutta and Madras grew rapidly. Despite this, only one-sixth of India's population lived in cities by 1951. The effect of British rule on India's economy
14552-655: The poor. Mahatma Gandhi was imprisoned at the Yerwada Central Jail several times and placed under house arrest at the Aga Khan Palace between 1942 and 1944, where both his wife Kasturba Gandhi and aide Mahadev Desai died. Savarkar used to study in Fergusson College and performed the "Holi" of foreign items near Mutha river bank . After Indian independence from the British in 1947, Pune saw enormous growth, transforming it into
14688-462: The population of the region constituting present-day India resided in villages. This was a decline from the earlier Mughal era, when 85% of the population resided in villages and 15% in urban centers under Akbar 's reign in 1600. Urbanisation generally remained sluggish in British India until the 1920s, due to the lack of industrialisation and absence of adequate transportation. Subsequently,
14824-779: The regiments of the 17 Poona Horse cavalry, the Lancashire Fusiliers , the Maratha Light Infantry , and others, led to an increase in the population. Due to its milder weather, the city became the "Monsoon capital" of the Governor of Bombay, thus making it one of the most important cities of the Bombay Presidency . The Southern Command of the Indian Army , established in 1895, is headquartered in Pune cantonment . The city of Pune
14960-513: The residence of his wife Jijabai , and young son Shivaji, the future founder of the Maratha empire. Shahaji appointed Dadoji Konddeo to help Jijabai in the administration of Jagir and in the reconstruction of the town.The Lal Mahal residence of Jiajabai and Shivaji was completed in 1640 AD. Shivaji spent his young years at the Lal Mahal. Jijabai is said to have commissioned the building of
15096-425: The resulting political instability and armed conflict severely affected economic life in several parts of the country – although this was mitigated by localised prosperity in the new provincial kingdoms. By the late eighteenth century, the British East India Company had entered the Indian political theatre and established its dominance over other European powers. This marked a determinative shift in India's trade, and
15232-624: The royal mints which functioned on the basis of free coinage . The political stability and uniform revenue policy resulting from a centralized administration under the Mughals, coupled with a well-developed internal trade network, ensured that India–before the arrival of the British–was to a large extent economically unified, despite having a traditional agrarian economy characterised by a predominance of subsistence agriculture . Agricultural production increased under Mughal agrarian reforms , with Indian agriculture being advanced compared to Europe at
15368-458: The second-largest fruit and vegetable producer, accounting for 10.9% and 8.6% of the world fruit and vegetable production, respectively, but only for 1% of global fruits and vegetables trade. India is also the second-largest producer and the largest consumer of silk, producing 77,000 tonnes (76,000 long tons; 85,000 short tons) in 2005. India is the second-largest exporter of cashew kernels and cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). Foreign exchange earned by
15504-532: The short term, led to numerous famines . The economic policies of the British Raj caused a severe decline in the handicrafts and handloom sectors, due to reduced demand and dipping employment. After the removal of international restrictions by the Charter of 1813 , Indian trade expanded substantially with steady growth. The result was a significant transfer of capital from India to Britain, which, due to
15640-594: The slums are on mixed ownership land. The living conditions in slums varies considerably, depending on their status (formal/informal) and in how far non-governmental organisations (NGOs), community organisations (CBOs) and government agencies are involved and committed to improving local living conditions. Since the 1990s a number of landmark integrated townships and gated communities have been developed in Pune such as Magarpatta , Nanded city , Amanora , Blue Ridge , Life Republic and Lavasa . They also offer business opportunities and access to infrastructure. According to
15776-726: The special emphasis placed on agriculture in the five-year plans and steady improvements in irrigation, technology, application of modern agricultural practices and provision of agricultural credit and subsidies since the Green Revolution in India. However, international comparisons reveal the average yield in India is generally 30% to 50% of the highest average yield in the world. The states of Uttar Pradesh , Punjab , Haryana, Madhya Pradesh , Andhra Pradesh, Telangana , Bihar, West Bengal , Gujarat and Maharashtra are key contributors to Indian agriculture. India receives an average annual rainfall of 1,208 millimetres (47.6 in) and
15912-527: The textile industry. The subcontinent's dominant economic power in the post-Mughal era was the Bengal Subah in the east., which continued to maintain thriving textile industries and relatively high real wages . However, the former was devastated by the Maratha invasions of Bengal and then British colonization in the mid-18th century. After the loss at the Third Battle of Panipat , the Maratha Empire disintegrated into several confederate states, and
16048-640: The third metro route of Shivaji Nagar to Hinjawadi is going to via Balewadi. Very soon, the Pune Metro will also run through Balewadi with metro stations planned near NICMAR Institute and Balewadi High Street. There are several educational institutions located around Balewadi. Some of these are: Balewadi is home to the Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex , which hosts various major sporting events and can hold roughly 20,000 spectators in its athletics stadium. A museum dedicated to Sachin Tendulkar
16184-523: The three cantonment areas of Camp, Khadki, and Dehu Road form the urban core of the PMR, which also includes seven municipal councils and 842 villages. Rapid industrialisation since the 1960s has led to large influx of people into the city. Housing supply has not kept pace with demand, causing the number of slum dwellings to increase. Approximately 36% of the population lives in 486 slum areas. Of these, 45% slum households do not have in-house toilet facilities and 10% do not have electricity. One third of
16320-404: The time, Mughal Bengal was the most important center of cotton textile production. In the early 18th century the Mughal Empire declined, as it lost western, central and parts of south and north India to the Maratha Empire , which integrated and continued to administer those regions. The decline of the Mughal Empire led to decreased agricultural productivity, which in turn negatively affected
16456-554: The time, such as the widespread use of the seed drill among Indian peasants before its adoption in European agriculture, and possibly higher per-capita agricultural output and standards of consumption than 17th century Europe. The Mughal Empire had a thriving industrial manufacturing economy, with India producing about 25% of the world's industrial output up until 1750, making it the most important manufacturing center in international trade . Manufactured goods and cash crops from
16592-518: The western margin of the Deccan plateau , at an altitude of 560 m (1,840 ft) above sea level. It is on the leeward side of the Sahyadri mountain range, which forms a barrier from the Arabian Sea . It is a hilly city, with Vetal Hill rising to 800 m (2,600 ft) above sea level. The Sinhagad fort is at an altitude of 1,300 metres (4,300 feet). The old city of Pune is at
16728-549: The workforce in India are employed in agriculture. India is major agriculture producing country and has the most arable land in the world followed by the United States. However, agricultural output lags far behind its potential. Agriculture's contribution to GDP has steadily declined from 1951 to 2023, shifting from 52% to 15% of India's GDP yet it is still the country's largest employment provider sector . Crop-yield-per-unit-area of all crops has grown since 1950, due to
16864-556: The world with the citation "Hosts IT and automotive companies". The 2017 Annual Survey of India's City-Systems (ASICS) report, released by the Janaagraha Centre for Citizenship and Democracy, adjudged Pune as the best governed of 23 major cities. Peth is a general term in the Marathi language for a locality in Pune. Seventeen peths are located in Pune, which today constitute the old city of Pune. Most were established during
17000-546: The world's fourth-largest natural resources , with the mining sector contributing 11% of the country's industrial GDP and 2.5% of total GDP. Nearly 50% of India's mining industry, by output value, is concentrated in eight states: Odisha , Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh , Andhra Pradesh, Telangana , Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka . Another 25% of the output by value comes from offshore oil and gas resources. India operated about 3,000 mines in 2010, half of which were coal, limestone and iron ore. On output-value basis, India
17136-428: Was a major centre of resistance to British Raj, with people like Gopal Krishna Gokhale , Bal Gangadhar Tilak playing leading roles in struggle for Indian independence in their times. The earliest reference to Pune is an inscription on a Rashtrakuta Dynasty copper plate dated 937 CE, which refers to the town as Punya-Vishaya, meaning 'sacred news'. By the 13th century, it had come to be known as Punawadi. During
17272-571: Was active between the 14th and 18th centuries. During this period, Indian traders settled in Surakhani , a suburb of greater Baku , Azerbaijan. These traders built a Hindu temple , which suggests commerce was active and prosperous for Indians by the 17th century. Further north, the Saurashtra and Bengal coasts played an important role in maritime trade, and the Gangetic plains and
17408-535: Was appointed Peshwa (prime minister) of the Maratha Empire by Shahu I , the fifth Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire . As the Peshwa, Bajirao moved his base from Saswad to Pune in 1728, marking the beginning of the transformation of what was a kasbah into a city. He also commissioned the construction of the Shaniwar Wada on the high grounds of right bank of the Mutha River . The construction
17544-513: Was completed in 1730, ushering in the era of Peshwa control of the city. Bajirao's son and successor, Nanasaheb constructed a lake at Katraj on the outskirts of the city and an underground aqueduct to bring water from the lake to Shaniwar Wada and the city. The aqueduct was still in working order in 2004. The patronage of the Maratha Peshwas resulted in a great expansion of Pune, with the construction of around 250 temples and bridges in
17680-578: Was defined in 1967 covering the area under PMC, the Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation , the three cantonments, and the surrounding villages. In 1998 work on the six-lane Mumbai-Pune expressway began; it was completed in 2001. In 2008, the Commonwealth Youth Games took place in Pune, which encouraged development in the northwest region of the city. On 13 February 2010, a bomb exploded at
17816-515: Was formed on 31 March 2015 and is responsible for the integrated development of the PMR. Currently its jurisdiction extends over 7,256.46 km (2,802 sq mi) and includes two municipal corporations , three cantonment boards, seven municipal councils, 13 census towns and 842 villages. The PMC supplies the city with potable water that is sourced from the Khadakwasla Reservoir. There are five other reservoirs in
17952-442: Was imported from India without tariffs to British factories which manufactured textiles from Indian cotton and sold them back to the Indian market. British economic policies gave them a monopoly over India's large market and cotton resources. India served as both a significant supplier of raw goods to British manufacturers and a large captive market for British manufactured goods. British territorial expansion in India throughout
18088-494: Was known as Poona during British rule. Poona Municipality was established in 1858. A railway line from Bombay to the city opened in 1858, run by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway (GIPR). Navi Peth , Ganj Peth (now renamed Mahatma Phule Peth ) were developed during the British Raj . Pune was prominently associated with the struggle for Indian independence . In the period between 1875 and 1910,
18224-466: Was occupied again by Marathas in June 1670, four months to the battle of Sinhagad and remained in the hands of Marathas. From 1703 to 1705, towards the end of the 27-year-long Mughal–Maratha Wars , the town was occupied by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb and its name was changed temporarily to Muhiyabad. This name was abandoned and reverted to its original name soon after Aurangzib's death. In 1720, Baji Rao I
18360-489: Was one of the five largest producers of mica, chromite, coal, lignite, iron ore, bauxite, barite, zinc and manganese; while being one of the ten largest global producers of many other minerals. India was the fourth-largest producer of steel in 2013, and the seventh-largest producer of aluminium. India's mineral resources are vast. However, its mining industry has declined – contributing 2.3% of its GDP in 2010 compared to 3% in 2000, and employed 2.9 million people –
18496-696: Was stagnant during the Mughal Empire and began to decline prior to the onset of British rule. India's share of global industrial output declined from 25% in 1750 down to 2% in 1900. At the same time, Britain's share of the world economy rose from 2.9% in 1700 up to 9% in 1870. The British East India Company, following their conquest of Bengal in 1757, had forced open the large Indian market to British goods, which could be sold in India without tariffs or duties , compared to local Indian producers who were heavily taxed, while in Britain protectionist policies such as bans and high tariffs were implemented to restrict Indian textiles from being sold there, whereas raw cotton
#623376