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67-653: The Balintawak Interchange / b ɑː l ɪ n t aʊ w ɑː k / , also known as the Balintawak Cloverleaf , is a two-level cloverleaf interchange in Quezon City , Metro Manila , Philippines , which serves as the junction between Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) and the North Luzon Expressway (NLEX). Opened in 1968 as part of the initial 28-kilometer (17 mi) NLEX segment between Quezon City and Guiguinto , Bulacan , it

134-704: A diamond interchange was built instead. The first cloverleaf interchange built in the United States was the Woodbridge Cloverleaf at intersection of the Lincoln Highway ( Route 25 ) and Amboy —now St. Georges—Avenue ( Route 4 ) (now U.S. 1/9 and Route 35 ) in Woodbridge Township, New Jersey . It opened in 1929, although it has since been replaced with a partial cloverleaf interchange . Before

201-600: A "cloverleaf" and simply be referred to as a jughandle or parclo intersection. The first cloverleaf interchange patented in the US was by Arthur Hale , a civil engineer in Maryland , on February 29, 1916. A modified cloverleaf, with the adjacent ramps joined into a single two-way road, was planned in 1927 for the interchange between Lake Shore Drive ( US 41 ) and Irving Park Road ( ILL 19 ) in Chicago, Illinois , but

268-482: A base for privateer vessels that plundered British and Tory ships off the coast. In March 1782, a group of British and loyalist soldiers attacked a blockhouse along the river that housed the colonial militia and captured Captain Joshua Huddy , who was later hanged at Sandy Hook . Also destroyed were the salt works and most of the houses in the village. The incident greatly complicated the tense relationship between

335-485: A busy arterial in free-flowing traffic where signals are still not desired. Not only are these ideas true for new interchanges, but they also hold when existing cloverleaf interchanges are upgraded. In Norfolk, Virginia , the interchange between US 13 and US 58 was originally a cloverleaf—it has since been converted to a SPUI . Also, many cloverleaf interchanges on California freeways, such as U.S. 101, are being converted to parclos . In Hampton, Virginia ,

402-548: A cloverleaf interchange between Interstate 64 and Mercury Boulevard has been partially unwound into a partial stack interchange. During 2008 and 2009, four cloverleaf interchanges along I-64 / US 40 in St. Louis , Missouri , were replaced with SPUIs as part of a major highway-renovation project to upgrade the highway to Interstate standards. The original cloverleaf interchange in Delmont, Pennsylvania between Routes 22 and 66

469-585: A loop missing. Toms River, New Jersey Toms River is a township and coastal town located on the Jersey Shore in Ocean County , in the U.S. state of New Jersey . Its mainland portion is also a census-designated place of the same name , which serves as the county seat of Ocean County. Formerly known as the Township of Dover , voters in a 2006 referendum approved a change of

536-521: A viable option for interchanges between freeways (where such devices are typically not an option), but they could also be used for very busy arterials where signals could present congestion problems. They are common in the United States and have been used for over 40 years as the Interstate Highway System expanded rapidly. One problem is that, frequently, large trucks exceeding the area speed limit roll over. Another problem

603-546: Is 70 miles (110 km) south of Manhattan and 55 miles (89 km) east of Philadelphia . While most of Toms River is on the mainland, Dover Beaches North and South are situated on the Barnegat Peninsula , a long, narrow barrier peninsula that separates Barnegat Bay from the Atlantic Ocean. Dover Beaches South adjoins the independent municipalities of Lavallette to the north and Seaside Heights to

670-534: Is in Lakewood, Washington , at the interchange between Interstate 5 and Washington State Route 512 , where a visible ramp stub shows that one of the four leaves was removed, thus eliminating weave on I-5. In the future, the traffic signal will be replaced by a two-lane flyover, completing the freeway-to-freeway interchange once again. Cloverleaf interchanges also tend to occupy much more land than any other kind of interchange. Numerous cloverleaf intersections in

737-725: Is located in Downtown Toms River and is host to a replica constructed in 1931 of the Revolutionary War fort that was once standing near the site. The town played host to a short skirmish during the Revolution in which Captain Joshua Huddy was captured by a group of Loyalists while defending the Toms River Blockhouse and hanged without trial. The trail of Captain Huddy can be followed throughout

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804-564: Is now the interchange between the A ;9 and A 14 , and has a single flyover from the westbound A 14 to the southbound A 9. Kamener Kreuz was the first in continental Europe to open fully in 1937, at A 1 and A 2 near Dortmund , Germany . The primary drawback of the classic design of the cloverleaf is that vehicles merge onto the highway at the end of a loop immediately before other vehicles leave to go around another loop, creating conflict known as weaving . Weaving limits

871-611: Is one of 11 municipalities in Ocean County that are part of the Toms River watershed . Toms River has a humid subtropical climate , with significant rainfall throughout the year. The Köppen climate classification of the area is Cfa . The township was severely affected by Superstorm Sandy in October 2012. Many low-lying areas of the township, including Silverton and the downtown area, saw their worst flooding ever when

938-421: Is said to be the second-largest Halloween parade in the world. In 2006, Toms River was ranked by Morgan Quitno Press as the 15th safest city in the United States, of 369 cities nationwide. In 2007, Toms River was again ranked as the 14th-safest city in the United States of 371 cities nationwide. Much of the early history of the settlement of Toms River is obscured by conflicting stories. Various sources list

1005-745: Is that adjacent on and off ramps are shared together by single bidirectional carriageways. Examples include the Highway 62 and Highway 401 interchange in Belleville, Ontario , the Highway 4 and Highway 401 in London, Ontario , as well as the Lawrence Avenue and Don Valley Parkway interchange in Toronto. The Don Mills Road and Don Valley Parkway and the Highway 27 and Dixon Road are also other examples; however, one quadrant of each has

1072-414: Is the merging of traffic ( see below ). For these reasons, cloverleaf interchanges have become a common point of traffic congestion at busy junctions. At-grade cloverleaf configurations with full four leaves and full outside slip ramps are extremely rare, though one exists in Toms River, New Jersey . Any other intersection with merely one, two, or three leaf ramps with outer ramps would not be designated

1139-703: Is unknown. The first cloverleaf west of the Mississippi River opened on August 20, 1931, at Watson Road and Lindbergh Boulevard near St. Louis, Missouri , as part of an upgrade of U.S. 66 . The first cloverleaf interchange in Canada opened in 1937 at the junction of the Queen Elizabeth Way (QEW) and Provincial Highway 10 in Port Credit, Ontario (now a part of Mississauga, Ontario). As originally built, Highway 10 passed over

1206-548: The 2000 United States census there were 89,706 people, 33,510 households, and 24,428 families residing in the township. The population density was 2,189.5 inhabitants per square mile (845.4/km ). There were 41,116 housing units at an average density of 1,003.5 per square mile (387.5/km ). The racial makeup of the township was 93.57% White , 1.75% African American , 0.13% Native American , 2.46% Asian , 0.02% Pacific Islander , 0.95% from other races , and 1.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.54% of

1273-522: The 2010 census count of 91,239, which had in turn reflected an increase of 1,533 (+1.7%) from the 89,706 counted in the 2000 census . Toms River is featured in various TV and news media, including MTV 's Made and Jersey Shore (seasons 1, 3, and 5), HBO's Boardwalk Empire , and the original The Amityville Horror movie. In 1998, Toms River East Little League won the Little League World Series . The township has what

1340-668: The Department of Public Works to construct some road projects to be financed through World War II reparations, including interchanges on vital intersections along EDSA. This order led to the construction of this interchange, replacing a previous roundabout between EDSA, A. Bonifacio Avenue , and Quirino Highway , and the Magallanes Interchange between EDSA and the South Luzon Expressway (SLEX), which opened in 1975. A shrine to Andres Bonifacio

1407-720: The Faulkner Act (formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law) under the Mayor-Council form of New Jersey municipal government. The township is one of 71 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form of government. The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and seven-member Township Council. The council includes four members who each represent one of four wards of the township and three who are chosen at-large . The mayor and

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1474-549: The Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada, require the merging of traffic from the clover directly onto the collector/distributor lane. This requires the slowly moving driver coming around the loop ramp to merge with the quickly moving driver exiting on the collector/distributor lane with no opportunity to accelerate to match the flow of the oncoming driver. This speed differential in merging can be as great as 65 km/h (approx. 43 mph). The cloverleaf interchange

1541-540: The ZIP Codes 08753, 08754, 08755, 08756, 08757, and 08739. Ortley Beach (Dover Beaches South) shares ZIP Code 08751 with Seaside Heights . Manchester does not have its own post office, and parts of Manchester use a Toms River mailing address under ZIP Code 08757. Toms River borders the Ocean County municipalities of Berkeley Township , Brick , Island Heights , Jackson , Lakewood , Lavallette , Manchester , Seaside Heights , and South Toms River . The township

1608-549: The eponym of the township as either English captain William Tom, or farmer and ferryman Thomas Luker. In 1992, as part of celebrations commemorating the township's 225th anniversary, official recognition was granted to the tradition that the "Tom" in "Toms River" was for Thomas Luker, who ran a ferry across Goose Creek (now the Toms River ). During the 19th century, Toms River became a center for shipbuilding, whaling, fishing, and iron and lumber production. The settlement and

1675-544: The leaves of a four-leaf clover or less often a 3-leaf clover. In the United States , cloverleaf interchanges existed long before the Interstate system . They were originally created for busier interchanges that the original diamond interchange system could not handle. Their chief advantage was that they were free-flowing and did not require the use of such devices as traffic signals . This not only made them

1742-518: The national and state registers of historic places. In 1850, Toms River became the county seat of the newly created Ocean County when it was formed out of southern Monmouth County . During the second half of the 19th century and the early decades of the 20th, many new towns were carved out of Dover Township, including Brick, Jackson, Lakewood, and Berkeley. The Village of Toms River attempted twice—in 1914 and 1926—to secede from Dover Township, but residents were unsuccessful. The part of Toms River on

1809-561: The storm surge overwhelmed the Barnegat Bay up and down the Jersey Shore. The barrier islands, just across the bridge, suffered even worse devastation from the storm surge brought by the hurricane. Extremes range from a record high of 105 °F on both July 19, 1999, and August 9, 1896, to a low of −24 °F on January 16, 1988. The 2010 United States census counted 91,239 people, 34,760 households, and 24,367 families in

1876-537: The 1990s when their Little League Baseball team, nicknamed "Beast from the East", competed in the Little League World Series three times in five years. The team won in 1998 , after defeating Japan by a score of 12–9. More than 40,000 people lined Route 37 for a parade following their victory. Toms River Little League made it back to the 2010 World Series , giving the town its record fourth Mid-Atlantic championship, returning as regional runners-up in 2021. In 2022,

1943-481: The 1996–2000 period indicated that while there were more cancer cases than expected, rates had significantly fallen and the difference was statistically insignificant compared to normal statewide cancer rates. Since 1996, the Toms River water system has been subject to the most stringent water testing in the state and is considered safe for consumption. Dan Fagin 's Toms River: A Story of Science and Salvation ,

2010-495: The 2014 Pulitzer Prize winning book, examined the issue of industrial pollution in detail. "Toms River" at one time referred only to the rural farming community of Toms River, a small part of the vast Township of Dover that included several other distinct settlements. With the United States Postal Service 's adoption of Toms River mailing addresses for Dover Township, coupled with demographic changes in

2077-647: The British, loyalists, and colonists, and was a factor in prolonging the peace negotiations that were then in progress in Paris until 1783. Dover Township was incorporated as one of New Jersey's first 104 townships by the Township Act of 1798 of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798. The township's original name was for Dover , England. The village of Toms River is listed on both

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2144-865: The John Bennett Athletic Center. A 3,204-seat multi-use center was opened to the public in 2004, attached to Toms River High School North. The sports, music, and convention center has gone by a number of different names, including: the Ritacco Center, Poland Spring Arena, and Pine Belt Arena. The facility has hosted the NJSIAA boys and girls basketball Tournament of Champions, WWE NXT Live!, and musical acts in association with Toms River Fest , including: Gavin DeGraw , Daughtry , Avril Lavigne , Carrie Underwood , Meat Loaf , and Joan Jett , among others. The building also serves as

2211-534: The Ocean County Mall. It is home to the corporate headquarters of EGM Green, as well as the headquarters for OceanFirst Bank. The RWJBarnabas Health Arena (formerly Pine Belt Arena), a 3,500-seat public arena connected to Toms River High School North , is used for concerts, sporting events, and some small local events throughout the year to raise money for the school district. Starting in January 2018,

2278-724: The QEW. In 1962, the interchange was rebuilt with sub-collector roads along the QEW, and the orientation was also changed so that Highway 10 then passed under the QEW. The interchange was further modified between 2008 and 2010 by removing all but one loop ramp, creating a partial cloverleaf/diamond hybrid. The cloverleaf was patented in Europe in Switzerland on October 15, 1928. The first cloverleaf in Europe opened in October 1935 at Slussen in central Stockholm , Sweden , followed in 1936 by Schkeuditzer Kreuz near Leipzig , Germany . This

2345-626: The Toms River Little Indians taking titles in 1993, 1994, 1997, 1998, and 2005–2009. The Toms River Raiders won the Division 1 Jr., Pee Wee football title in 1996. Known locally as "The Bubble", the center is one of three indoor athletic complex's in Ocean County and one of the largest in New Jersey. It is located just south of Intermediate School East, and named after John Bennet, TRSD superintendent from 1960 to 1977. It

2412-649: The area. Over the years, confusion over the name of the township had become an issue for many residents. A movement organized around the Dover Township Name Change Committee, founded by Mayor Paul Brush and supported by the Ocean County Chamber of Commerce, collected signatures to put a name change question on the ballot in November 2006. On Election Day, November 7, 2006, over 60% of residents voted to approve changing

2479-401: The average family size was 3.09. In the township the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.1 males. The median income for a household in

2546-611: The cloverleaf was replaced in the late 2000s, it was judged eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places . Because of this, a commemorative film was made of the cloverleaf. The original cloverleaf interchange design was adapted by the Rudolph and Delano building firm from Philadelphia , from a photo Delano saw on a magazine cover about a highway in Buenos Aires , Argentina . The original inventor

2613-526: The increased cancer risk was contamination from Toms River Chemical Plant (then operated by Ciba-Geigy ), which had been in operation since 1952. The area was designated a United States Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site in 1983, after an underground plume of toxic chemicals was identified. The following year, a discharge pipe was shut down after a sinkhole at the corner of Bay Avenue and Vaughn Avenue revealed that it had been leaking. The plant ceased operation in 1996. A follow-up study from

2680-559: The interchange has been criticized by columnist Cito Beltran of The Philippine Star for being rife with corrupt police officers and petty crime. Apart from the wet markets and drop-off points for goods from the north, Ayala Malls Cloverleaf and the entire Cloverleaf complex are located southeast of the interchange. Balintawak station on the LRT-1 serves the location east of the interchange. Cloverleaf interchange Cloverleaf interchanges, viewed from overhead or on maps, resemble

2747-509: The last two decades of the twentieth century, the demographics of the township changed substantially, adding over 20,000 residents just in the 1990s alone. While the village is still the center of municipal and county government, the population in the area exploded in the decades after World War II , due in part to the completion of the Garden State Parkway . Whereas the village was the largest and most densely populated section of

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2814-657: The location for HS North graduation ceremonies, with the inaugural event held for the Class of 2004. There are 13 parks located within and maintained by Toms River Township. Two of the newest recreational areas include the Toms River Skatepark, a 7,000 square feet (650 m ) outdoor skatepark completed in 2021, and Field of Dreams Playground, a 3.5 acres (1.4 ha) gated playground opened in 2022 and designed for children with varying physical or developmental disabilities. Joshua Huddy Park, which opened in 1905,

2881-616: The name from the Township of Dover to the Township of Toms River. The name change campaign featured the slogan "Toms River YES", signifying a yes vote for the name change, and the name was officially changed on November 14, 2006. According to the United States Census Bureau , the township had a total area of 52.89 square miles (136.98 km ), including 40.55 square miles (105.03 km ) of land and 12.34 square miles (31.95 km ) of water (23.32%). Toms River

2948-486: The name was officially changed to the "RWJBarnabas Health Arena" after the district signed a five-year deal with RWJBarnabas Health under which the district would be paid a total of $ 637,500 for the naming rights. Toms River Fest was held during the summer in Toms River, bringing many people from in and out of the area, with 25,000 attendees at the 2008 event. Originally planned to be an annual event, it has not been held since 2008. Toms River made national headlines in

3015-441: The number of lanes of turning traffic. Most road authorities have since been implementing new interchange designs with less-curved exit ramps that do not result in weaving. These interchanges include the diamond , parclo and single-point urban interchanges (SPUI) when connecting to an arterial road in non free-flowing traffic on the crossroad and the stack or clover and stack hybrids when connecting to another freeway or to

3082-542: The official name to the Township of Toms River , adopting the name of the largest unincorporated community within the township. The township is a bedroom suburb of New York City in the New York metropolitan area , and a regional commercial hub in central New Jersey . As of the 2020 United States census , the township was the state's eighth-most-populous municipality , with a population of 95,438, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 4,199 (+4.6%) from

3149-462: The other sections, those inside and outside began referring to all of mainland Dover Township as Toms River. In the 1990 census , the census-designated place called "Toms River" only included the downtown village area that included fewer than 8,000 residents in 1990. Due to complaints of confusion, the CDP was broadened to include all of mainland Dover Township to better reflect the more common usage for

3216-432: The population were under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 29.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.0 years. For every 100 females, the population had 92.3 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 89.6 males. The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income

3283-410: The population. There were 33,510 households, out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.1% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.1% were non-families. 22.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and

3350-420: The population. Of the 34,760 households, 28.2% had children under the age of 18; 54.4% were married couples living together; 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present and 29.9% were non-families. Of all households, 25.1% were made up of individuals and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.10. 21.3% of

3417-585: The river were usually spelled "Tom's River" in its early days, though its current spelling has been standard since the middle of the 19th century. Located in the southern section of the Shrewsbury Township , a royal charter was granted on March 1, 1768, and Dover Township was formed. During the American Revolutionary War , Toms River was home to a strategically important salt works that supplied colonial militias, as well as

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3484-515: The road. A few cloverleaf interchanges in California have been rebuilt to eliminate weaving on the freeway while keeping all four loop ramps, by adding bridges, similar to braided ramps. Several cloverleaf interchanges have been eliminated by adding traffic lights on the non-freeway route. Sometimes, this is even done at the intersection of two freeways, particularly when one freeway terminates at an interchange with another. An example of this

3551-503: The seven council members are chosen on a partisan basis as part of the November general election in odd-numbered years to serve four-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with the mayor and three at-large seats elected together and the four ward seats chosen simultaneously two years later. In December 2017, the Township Council appointed Don Guardian , the former Mayor of Atlantic City to replace Paul J. Shives; Guardian

3618-585: The south side of the river stretching down to Berkeley Township incorporated as South Toms River in 1927, but the core of the original village on the north side remains part of the wider township to this day. Portions of the township were taken to form Jackson Township (March 6, 1844), Union Township (March 10, 1846, now Barnegat Township ), Brick Township (February 15, 1850), Manchester Township (April 6, 1865), Berkeley Township (March 31, 1875), Island Heights (May 6, 1887), Lavallette (December 21, 1887), and Seaside Heights (February 26, 1913). In

3685-766: The south. Dover Beaches North (2010 Census population of 1,239 ), Dover Beaches South (1,209 ) and Toms River CDP (88,791 ) are census-designated places and unincorporated communities located within Toms River Township. Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Andrew Point, Andrews, Bay Shore, Cattus Island , Cedar Grove, Chadwick, Coates Point, East Dover, Gilford Park, Gilmores Island, Green Island, Long Point, Normandy Beach, Ocean Beach, Ortley Beach, Pelican Island, Pine View, Pleasant Plains, Shelter Cove, Silverton , Tilton Point, West Dover, and White Oak Bottom. Toms River includes

3752-727: The team again took the New Jersey State title, but lost to Massapequa in the Metro Region championship, in Bristol, Connecticut . Toms River is also home to many National Champion Pop Warner Cheerleading titles, with the Toms River Angels taking home championships in several divisions in 1995, 1998–2003, 2007, 2008, 2016, 2018, and 2019; the Toms River Indians winning in 1999, 2003, and 2007; and

3819-414: The town. In 1992, improvements to the park were made to mark the 225th anniversary of the township, during which time Luker Bridge was dedicated, named for Thomas Luker, the 17th century ferryman who is believed to be the river's namesake. In 2017, a $ 1.6 million renovation of the park was completed to commemorate the township's 250th anniversary. Since 2002, Toms River Township has operated within

3886-399: The township for over two centuries, the vast majority of residents now shop and work in other sections of the town. In the mid-1990s, state and federal health and environmental agencies identified an increased incidence of childhood cancers in Toms River from the 1970–1995 period. Multiple investigations by state and federal environmental and health agencies indicated that the likely source of

3953-507: The township was $ 54,776, and the median income for a family was $ 62,561. Males had a median income of $ 47,390 versus $ 30,834 for females. The per capita income for the township was $ 25,010. About 4.0% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.7% of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over. Toms River has many shopping malls including Ocean County Mall (the only enclosed mall in Ocean County ) and Seacourt Pavilion , located across Bay Avenue from

4020-479: The township. The population density was 2,253.5 per square mile (870.1/km ). There were 43,334 housing units at an average density of 1,070.3 per square mile (413.2/km ). The racial makeup was 89.91% (82,035) White , 2.70% (2,465) Black or African American , 0.17% (156) Native American , 3.58% (3,266) Asian , 0.02% (17) Pacific Islander , 1.96% (1,785) from other races , and 1.66% (1,515) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.93% (7,231) of

4087-513: Was redesigned in 2019 to remove one of the loops. In Ireland , partial cloverleaf set-ups exist at the interchanges of the main roads out of Dublin and the M50, allowing free-flow movements in all directions. The Red Cow Interchange is an example. Most cloverleaf interchanges have been phased out in Ontario, but some close variants do remain with similar traffic flows. The main difference however

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4154-418: Was $ 71,934 (with a margin of error of +/− $ 2,094) and the median family income was $ 83,924 (+/− $ 2,842). Males had a median income of $ 59,860 (+/− $ 2,733) versus $ 42,192 (+/− $ 2,081) for females. The per capita income for the township was $ 33,423 (+/− $ 926). About 4.5% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.4% of those under age 18 and 4.6% of those age 65 or over. As of

4221-591: Was also converted to an SPUI . A compromise is to add a collector/distributor road next to the freeway; this does not eliminate weaving but moves it off the main lanes of the freeway. An example of this is the State Highway 23 / Interstate 43 interchange in Sheboygan, Wisconsin , where the exit/entrance roads on and off Highway 23 are two lanes next to the main I-43 freeway on the north and southbound sides of

4288-453: Was later built inside the interchange, which underwent a ₱ 13 million renovation in 2009. Flooding around the Balintawak Interchange is a problem, with the interchange being named in 2014 as one of the 22 most flood-prone roadways in Metro Manila. In 2015, the Manila North Tollways Corporation , the concessionaire of NLEX, spent close to ₱70 million to improve the interchange's drainage systems to mitigate flooding. In addition to flooding,

4355-472: Was not implemented in great numbers in the United Kingdom , because of these performance problems. There were originally three, one in Redditch and two in Livingston . One of the Livingston examples was remodeled in the mid-2000s as part of a public transport project. The Girton interchange near Cambridge was a "half"-cloverleaf interchange that regularly experienced peak-time congestion due to A14 westbound traffic weaving with M11 traffic. This interchange

4422-410: Was one of the first projects of the Construction and Development Corporation of the Philippines (now the Philippine National Construction Corporation or PNCC). Construction of the interchange was precipitated by the large number of motor vehicles in Manila and the surrounding suburbs in the 1960s, contributing to significant traffic congestion . On June 25, 1966, President Ferdinand Marcos ordered

4489-440: Was severely damaged as a result of Hurricane Sandy , reopening in January 2013, after repairs were completed. The facility was damaged again in 2022, when over a foot of ice and snow fell during a January nor'easter , causing portions of the dome to collapse in on itself. In May 2022, the complex was rebranded as part of a multi-year naming rights agreement. The facility is now called the Rothman Orthopaedic Sports Complex at

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