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27-516: The Baltic Oil Shale Basin covers about 3,000 to 5,000 square kilometres (1,200 to 1,900 sq mi). Main kukersite deposits are Estonian and Tapa deposits in Estonia, and Leningrad deposit in Russia (also known as Gdov or Oudova deposit). Other occurrences in Russia are Veimarn and Chudovo–Babinskoe deposits. The Estonian deposit, which covers about 2,000 square kilometres (770 sq mi),

54-673: A 2.5-to-3-metre (8 ft 2 in to 9 ft 10 in) thick mineable bed. In this part kukersite lies near the surface while southward and westward its depth increases and its thickness and quality decreases. Estonia's kukersite represents about 1.1% of global and 17% of European oil shale resources. The total kukersite resources in Estonia are estimated to be about 4.8 billion tonnes, including about 1 billion tonnes economically proven reserve , 0.3 billion tonnes economic probable reserve and about 3.5 billion tonnes uneconomical proven and probable reserve. Economically proven and probable reserves forms active resource, which

81-598: A complimentary subscription to the Journal of Petroleum Technology , unlimited free webinars, and discounts on SPE events (conferences, workshops, training courses, etc.) and publications. SPE Connect is a site and app for SPE members to exchange technical knowledge, answer each other's practical application questions, and share best practices. SPE is made up of about 127,000 members in 145 countries. SPE Sections are groups of SPE Professional Members, and SPE Student Chapters are groups of SPE Student Members typically named for

108-840: A firm plan to develop yet. The designation ABC corresponds to estimated recoverable reserves. Oil companies employ specialist, independent, reserve valuation consultants - such as Gaffney, Cline & Associates , Sproule, Miller and Lents, Ltd. , DeGolyer and MacNaughton , Ryder Scott , Netherland, Sewell & Associates Inc. (NSAI) , Lloyd's Register ( LR Archived 2019-04-15 at the Wayback Machine ), Evolution Resources, Cawley, Gillespie & Associates Inc. (CG&A) and others - to provide third party reports as part of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) SEC filings and SPE Petroleum Resources Management System (PRMS) for other Stockmarket listings. On December 30, 2009, recognising advances in exploration and valuation technology,

135-412: A group of nominees to become SPE Distinguished Lecturers. SPE Distinguished Lecturers are nominated for the program and selected by the committee to share their industry expertise by lecturing at local SPE sections across the globe. Nominees are notified of their nomination and must submit a summary of their biography, a presentation that can be given in thirty minutes or less, and additional information for

162-524: A proven reserve. Reserves less than 90% recoverable but more than 50% are considered "probable reserves" and below 50% are "possible reserves". The engineering term P90 refers to 90 percent engineering probability, is a commonly accepted specific definition by Society of Petroleum Engineers , it does not take into account anything except technical concerns. Therefore, it is different from the business term which does take into account current break-even profitability, and regulatory and contractual approval, but

189-404: Is telalginite , derived from the fossil green alga , Gloeocapsomorpha prisca , which has affinities with the modern cyanobacterium , Entophysalis major , an extant species that forms algal mats in inter-tidal to very shallow subtidal waters. Matrix minerals dominantly include low- magnesium calcite , dolomite , and siliciclastic minerals . They are not rich in heavy metals. Kukersite

216-613: Is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit professional organization . SPE provides a worldwide forum for oil and natural gas exploration and production (E&P) professionals to exchange technical knowledge and best practices. SPE manages OnePetro and PetroWiki, in addition to publishing magazines, peer-reviewed journals, and books. SPE also hosts more than 100 events each year across the globe as well as providing online tools and in-person training opportunities. SPE's technical library (OnePetro) contains more than 314,000 technical papers—products of SPE conferences and periodicals, made available to

243-474: Is considered a very rough equivalent. The definition is certainly not universal. Energy Watch Group uses a different definition, P95. Disregarding economics, the proper engineering term for the total technologically extractable amount is the Producible fraction , which is easily confused with the business term proven reserves . However, the purely engineering term is also misleading in that squeezing

270-649: Is defined as mineable deposits with energy ratings of at least 35  gigajoules per square metre and calorific values of at least 8 MJ/kg, located in areas without environmental restrictions. Energy rating of the oil shale mining block is calculated as the sum of the products of thickness, calorific values and densities of all oil shale layers and limestone interlayers. Up to 50% of active resources are designated as recoverable. The Leningrad deposit consists of 3.6 billion tonnes of kukersite, including more than one billion tonnes of economically proven and probable reserves. Estonian kukersite deposits are one of

297-625: Is exploited industrially; the Tapa deposit is not accounted as reserves due its lower value which makes its extraction economically inexpedient. The Leningrad deposit was exploited industrially but operations have ceased. Kukersite occurs within the Kukruse and Uhaku stages of the Viivikonna and Kõrgekallas formations, as an often calcareous layer. In northern Estonia there are a total of 50 oil shale layers of kukersite, of which six lowest form

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324-610: The American Institute of Mining Engineers ( AIME ) saw a growing need for a forum in the booming new field of petroleum engineering. As a result, AIME formed a standing committee on oil and gas in 1913. In 1922, the committee was expanded to become one of AIME's 10 professional divisions. The Petroleum Division of AIME continued to grow throughout the next three decades. By 1950, the Petroleum Division had become one of three separate branches of AIME, and in 1957

351-607: The Cedric K. Ferguson Young Technical Author Medal, which is awarded to SPE members who author a paper approved for publication in an SPE journal (peer-reviewed journals on oil and gas topics) before age 36. Eligibility for the awards is denoted online. SPE International Awards are announced online, featured in the Journal of Petroleum Technology , and presented at the Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE grants technical and professional awards at

378-624: The DL committee. The schedule of DL talks is available online. Some DL talks are very popular and are made available online as webinars. SPE publishes peer-reviewed journals, magazines, and books. Technical papers presented at SPE conferences or approved for publication in SPE peer-reviewed journals are also published to OnePetro.org. SPE Journal , a leading publication in oil, petroleum, and natural gas, offers peer-reviewed papers showcasing methods and technology solutions by industry experts. Its first issue

405-523: The Petroleum Branch of AIME was expanded once again to form a professional society. SPE became tax-exempt in March 1985. The first SPE Board of Directors meeting was held 6 October 1957. SPE continues to operate more than 100 events around the world. SPE is a non-profit association for petroleum engineers. Petroleum engineers who become members of SPE gain access to several member benefits like

432-475: The SEC allowed 2P probable and 3P possible reserves to be reported, along with 1P proved reserves, though oil companies also have to verify the independence of third party consultants. Since investors view 1P reserves with much greater importance than 2P or 3P reserves, oil companies seek to convert 2P and 3P reserves into 1P reserves. Society of Petroleum Engineers The Society of Petroleum Engineers ( SPE )

459-510: The entire industry. SPE has offices in Dallas , Houston , Calgary , Dubai and Kuala Lumpur . SPE is a professional association for more than 127,000 engineers , scientists , managers , and educators . There are about 59,000 student members of SPE. The history of the SPE began well before its actual establishment. During the decade after the 1901 discovery of the Spindletop field,

486-413: The existing equipment and under the existing operating conditions." A reserve is considered proven if it is probable that at least 90% of the resource is recoverable by economically profitable means. Operating conditions are taken into account when determining if a reserve is classified as proven. Operating conditions include operational break-even price, regulatory and contractual approvals, without which

513-515: The hosting university or a geographical region. 67,000+ professional members are affiliated with 192 SPE Sections, and about 59,000 student members are affiliated with the 392 SPE Student Chapters. SPE annually grants scholarships to student members. Annually, SPE recognizes individuals for their contribution to the oil and gas industry at the regional and international levels. All individuals who receive SPE Awards were nominated by either an industry colleague, mentor, etc., except for recipients of

540-499: The last bits of fossil fuel out follows the diminishing returns and at some point is so costly that it becomes highly impractical, as seen on a bell curve , which is why measures like P90 and P95 were created. The term proven reserves is further subdivided into proved developed reserves and proved undeveloped reserves . Note that it does not include unproven reserves , which is broken down into probable reserves and possible reserves . These reserve categories are totaled up by

567-627: The measures 1P, 2P, and 3P, which are inclusive of all reserves types: New proven reserves are commonly added by new field discoveries. Reserves growth also commonly occurs in previously existing fields, as the characteristics of the reservoir become better understood, as fields are extended laterally, or new oil and gas reservoirs are found in existing fields. Reserve growth may also take place due to technological and economic changes. In Russia , reserves categories A, B, and C correspond roughly to developed producing reserves, undeveloped reserves with approved development, and discovered resources without

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594-480: The participating organizations. OnePetro currently contains more than 1.3 million searchable documents from 23 publishing partners. OnePetr users viewed 4.9 million items in 2023. OnePetro is the first online offering of documents from some organizations, making these materials widely available for the first time. The SPE Petroleum Engineering Certification program was instituted as a way to certify petroleum engineers by examination and experience. This certification

621-403: The regional level. To be considered for these awards, one must be nominated online. Regional technical award eligibility is described online. SPE regional award recipients are considered for the international level of the award they received in the following award season. Regional awards are presented at regional or section meetings. The SPE Distinguished Lecturer Committee (DL) each year selects

648-400: The reserve cannot be classified as proven. Price changes therefore can have a large impact on the classification of proven reserves. Regulatory and contractual conditions may change, and also affect the amount of proven reserves. If a reserve's resources can be recovered using current technology but is not economically profitable it is considered "technically recoverable" but cannot be considered

675-404: The world's highest-grade deposits with organic content varying from 15% to 55% with average more than 40%, and it has 65–67% conversion ratio into shale oil and oil shale gas . Fischer Assay oil yield is 30 to 47%. Its organic matter has an atomic ratio of hydrogen to carbon of 1.51 and the mean calorific value of kukersite is 3600 kcal/kg. The principal organic component of kukersite

702-506: Was deposited in a shallow marine basin. It lies in the depth of 7 to 170 metres (23 to 558 ft). Proven reserve Proven reserves (also called measured reserves , 1P , and reserves ) is a measure of fossil fuel energy reserves , such as oil and gas reserves and coal reserves . It is defined as the "quantity of energy sources estimated with reasonable certainty, from the analysis of geologic and engineering data, to be recoverable from well established or known reservoirs with

729-435: Was published in 1996. SPE publishes five online magazines: Launched in March 2007, OnePetro.org is a multi-society library that allows users to search for and access a broad range of technical literature related to the oil and gas exploration and production industry. OnePetro is a multi-association effort that reflects participation of many organizations. The Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) operates OnePetro on behalf of

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