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88-649: The Bandits were the third minor league hockey team to play in Baltimore. Their practice facility was in the suburban Columbia Ice Rink in Columbia, Maryland . The Bandits started play in 1995 with their first game against the Carolina Monarchs , on October 6, 1995. The Bandits lost 3-1 at the Baltimore Arena with 7,293 in attendance. The team's first owners were Bob Teck and Alan Gertner. During

176-506: A multi-modal transportation system . Columbia's master developer, the Howard Hughes Corporation, is heading up the expansion project. The project is projected to cost $ 90 million and will outline development in the community for the next 40 years. Because Columbia is unincorporated, there is confusion over its exact boundaries. In the strictest definition, Columbia comprises only the land governed under covenants by

264-530: A $ 100 to $ 200 million arena near Camden Yards in the hopes of also attracting a National Basketball Association franchise. Given the possibility of this proposed arena, Baltimore County Executive Dutch Ruppersberger declined Caggiano's request to help finance the County Coliseum. While Caggiano continued to try to find financing the Coliseum, attendance for Bandits games dropped to second to last in

352-425: A 1959 speech he declared that the purpose of cities is for people, and that the objective of city planning should be to make a city into neighborhoods where men, women, and their families can live and work, and, most importantly, grow in character, personality, religious fulfillment, brotherhood, and the capacity for joyous living. In the early 1960s, Rouse decided to develop a new model city. Rouse's ideas about what

440-628: A 4–3 loss in Baltimore. The average home attendance for the season was 3,601. During the off-season, head coach Walt Kyle left the team to become an assistant coach with the Mighty Ducks. He was replaced by Moe Mantha , with the Baltimore Bandits making the announcement on July 24, 1996. The Bandits started the 1996-97 season with a 5–3 loss to the Hershey Bears. By the sixth game, they were playing .500 hockey at 2-2-2, but

528-421: A CDP have no legal status and may not always correspond with the local understanding of the area or community with the same name. However, criteria established for the 2010 census require that a CDP name "be one that is recognized and used in daily communication by the residents of the community" (not "a name developed solely for planning or other purposes") and recommend that a CDP's boundaries be mapped based on

616-426: A catalyst to encourage the local governments to encourage industry and business to move next to a planned community," and "I want to lessen the density in the ghettos, and concurrently rebuild the ghetto areas." In 1969, County Executive Omar J. Jones felt that the increase in tax base was lagging behind the need for infrastructure as the operating budget doubled to $ 15 million in three years. Crime rates shot up around

704-489: A cattle farm. After an injunction attempt was blocked in 1969, the plant began operations in 1972, peaking at 2,300 of the predicted 12,000 jobs. It was closed in 1990, with all but 21 acres (85,000 m ) of the property being sold back to Howard Research and Development. One section of the property was subsequently redeveloped for big box retail ; the remainder became the large Gateway Commerce office complex, still being expanded. In 1968, Bendix Field Engineering moved to

792-516: A female householder with no husband present, and 32.4% were non-families. 25.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.09. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 34.1% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

880-452: A grid system to secretly buy land through dummy corporations like the "Alaska Iron Mines Company". Some of these straw purchasers included Columbia Industrial Development Corporation, 95-32 Corporation, 95-216 Corporation, Premble, Inc., Columbia Mall, Inc., Oakland Ridge Industrial Development Corporation, and Columbia Development Corporation. Robert Moxley's firm Security Realty Company (now Security Development Group Inc), negotiated many of

968-542: A group practice of medical doctors (the Columbia Medical Plan) sprung from these meetings. The community's physical plan, with neighborhood and village centers, was also decided. Columbia's "New Town District" zoning ordinance gave developers great flexibility about what to put where, without requiring county approval for each specific project. In 1968, vice-presidential candidate Spiro Agnew referenced Columbia to reporters, saying, "Government should act as

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1056-693: A large variety of community activities. There are a variety of fairs and celebrations throughout the year, including entertainment on the lakefront of Lake Kittamaqundi during the summer and the Columbia Festival of the Arts. Columbia also has garden plots for rent, under the guidance of the Columbia Gardeners, which has been in existence since the 1970s. There are about 350 garden plots at three sites in Columbia, with each garden rented for

1144-562: A longtime Howard County resident who was also a member of the CRD's Board of Directors, saw a sign on Cedar Lane in Howard County advertising 1,309 acres (530 ha) for sale. Berman reported the option to the CRD and a decision was made to purchase the land. This was the first of 165 land purchases made by Rouse over the next year-and-a-half. In order to keep land costs low, Jack Jones, an attorney from Rouse's firm of Piper Marbury , set up

1232-406: A low-density growth ballot, but later approved the Columbia project. [REDACTED] The Howard County Planning Commission Chairman Wilmer Sanner declared, "if this adds to the orderly development of the county, that's what we are looking for." That July, Sanner sold the majority of his 73-acre (30 ha) Simpsonville farm to Howard Research prior to the public announcement. In October 1963,

1320-465: A new 143,000-square-foot (13,300 m ) facility on the historic Woodlawn Plantation where it was used for engineering activity. Howard County purchased the vacant facility creating the Maryland Center for Entrepreneurship in 2011, which relocated to the vacant Patuxent Publishing building in 2014. There is still a smaller industrial area to the south of this, but by and large East Columbia

1408-470: A new model city should be like were informed by a number of factors, including his personal Christian faith as well as the goal for his company to earn a profit, influences that he did not consider to be incompatible with one another. After exploring possible new city locations near Atlanta , Georgia, and Raleigh-Durham , North Carolina, Rouse focused his attention between Baltimore and Washington, D.C. , in Howard County, Maryland. In April 1962, Mel Berman,

1496-519: A nominal fee (at one time $ 30 per year) . Chiara D'Amore's Community Ecology Institute's Freetown Farm, founded in 2016, uses hands-on gardening to educate people and cultivates communities where people thrive together. Freetown farm was built on the site of Columbia's last working farm. The name Freetown farm refers to the area's historical name and its ties to the Underground Railroad . It features an NAACP garden and donates much of

1584-461: A population of at least 10,000. For the 1970 Census , the population threshold for "unincorporated places" in urbanized areas was reduced to 5,000. For the 1980 Census , the designation was changed to "census designated places" and the designation was made available for places inside urbanized areas in New England. For the 1990 Census , the population threshold for CDPs in urbanized areas

1672-422: A result of the changed political landscape that Columbia's development brought. In early 1976, a Columbia Flier editorial charged that Miller was a fear-mongering reactionary who had a personal vendetta against Columbia, Rouse and Columbia residents. At the unveiling on June 21, 1967, James Rouse described Columbia as a planned new city which would avoid the leap-frog and spot-zoning development threatening

1760-419: A series of ten self-contained villages, around which day-to-day life would revolve. The centerpiece of Columbia would be The Mall in Columbia and man-made Lake Kittamaqundi . The village concept aimed to provide Columbia a small-town feel (like Easton, Maryland , where James Rouse grew up). Each village comprises several neighborhoods. The village center may contain middle and high schools. All villages have

1848-453: A shopping center, recreational facilities, a community center, a system of bike/walking paths, and homes. Four of the villages have interfaith centers , common worship facilities which are owned and jointly operated by a variety of religious congregations working together. Most of Columbia's neighborhoods contain single-family homes, townhomes, condominiums and apartments, though some are more exclusive than others. The original plan, following

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1936-413: A single race, houses would be blocked until the desired ratio was met. Columbia takes its street names from famous works of art and literature: for example, the neighborhood of Hobbit's Glen takes its street names from the work of J. R. R. Tolkien ; Running Brook, from the poetry of Robert Frost ; and Clemens Crossing, from the work of Mark Twain . The book Oh, You Must Live in Columbia! chronicles

2024-614: A sports park with miniature golf , a skateboard park, batting cages , picnic pavilions, clubhouse and playground, three athletic clubs , numerous indoor and outdoor tennis, basketball, volleyball, squash , pickleball , and racquetball courts, and running tracks. There are three lakes ( Lake Kittamaqundi , Lake Elkhorn , and Wilde Lake ) surrounded by parkland for sailing, fishing, and boating ; 80 miles (130 km) of paths for jogging , strolling and biking ; and 148 tot lots and play areas . Nine village centers, 15 neighborhood centers, and four senior centers provide space for

2112-977: Is consistently top rated among the nation's public library systems according to Hennen's American Public Library Ratings (HAPLR). Two of the six branches of the Howard County Library System are in Columbia, including the Central Branch in Town Center and the East Columbia Branch in Owen Brown. Two historic buildings in Columbia, Dorsey Hall and Woodlawn , were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. Both were once homes of prominent Howard County citizens. Most historic buildings, mills and plantations within Columbia that qualified for

2200-500: Is dominated by commercial real estate—office, retail, and wholesale—in contrast to the original plan, which saw the Town Center area as the commercial center of Columbia. The U.S. federal government is the source of many jobs for Columbians. Several large U.S. Department of Defense installations and R&D facilities surround Columbia, the largest being the National Security Agency at Fort George G. Meade , and

2288-641: Is drained by the Middle Patuxent and Little Patuxent rivers. There are three artificial lakes, created by damming of tributary streams during community construction. In 1965, the Rouse Company leased 7,000 acres (2,800 ha) of farmland staged for development, and earmarked 4,000 acres (1,600 ha) of oak forest for timber harvesting. The company developed a sapling planter to replant sections of cleared land that would use Columbia's W.R. Grace -developed fertilizers. An outer ring of greenspace

2376-571: Is located near the town center, while the University of Phoenix , Lincoln College of Technology , Loyola University Maryland , University of Maryland, Baltimore County , Maryland University of Integrative Health , and Johns Hopkins University have facilities on the east side of town at Columbia Gateway Business Park. In addition to its original campus in Columbia, HCC also has satellite campuses in Mount Airy , Laurel , and East Columbia, in

2464-484: Is now managed by GFS Realty, and the Long Reach Village center was declared blighted and purchased by Howard County for resale in 2014. Merriweather Post Pavilion , a well-known outdoor concert venue, attracts many prominent performers. In addition, there are several performing arts organizations that present professional theater, including Toby's Dinner Theatre , Columbia Center for Theatrical Arts and

2552-653: Is officially part of the Baltimore metropolitan area and is tracked by the Census as a census-designated place . Columbia proper consists only of that territory governed by the Columbia Association , but larger areas are included under its name by the U.S. Postal Service and the Census Bureau. These include several other communities which predate Columbia, including Simpsonville , Atholton , and in

2640-566: Is provided by the non-profit Columbia Association, which manages common areas and functions as a homeowner association with regard to private property. The first boards were filled entirely with Rouse Company appointees. The first manager of the Columbia Association was John Estabrook Slayton (d. 1967). For Slayton's contributions to the early planning of Columbia, the community center in the Wilde Lake village, Slayton House,

2728-545: Is served by RTA buses. Columbia has a number of roadways that serve the community (see below). All of these highways allow Columbia access to nearby Baltimore , Washington, D.C. and Annapolis . Medical care is available at Howard County General Hospital , affiliated with Baltimore's Johns Hopkins Hospital . The Columbia Medical Plan was founded in 1967 as a health maintenance organization (HMO) available to citizens of Columbia. In more recent years, however, this plan has divided into separate medical groups that simply share

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2816-591: The 1890 Census , in which the Census mixed unincorporated places with incorporated places in its products with "town" or "village" as its label. This made it confusing to determine which of the "towns" were or were not incorporated. The 1900 through 1930 Censuses did not report data for unincorporated places. For the 1940 Census , the Census Bureau compiled a separate report of unofficial, unincorporated communities of 500 or more people. The Census Bureau officially defined this category as "unincorporated places" in

2904-461: The 1950 Census and used that term through the 1970 Census. For the 1950 Census, these types of places were identified only outside " urbanized areas ". In 1960 , the Census Bureau also identified unincorporated places inside urbanized areas (except in New England , whose political geography is based on the New England town , and is distinctly different from other areas of the U.S.), but with

2992-618: The Applied Physics Laboratory south of Columbia, both pre-dating the establishment of Columbia. Companies which have had research facilities in the area include W.R. Grace and Company . Further afield, many Columbians commute to government and government contractor jobs in the Baltimore and Washington, D.C. area. Companies based in Columbia include W.R. Grace and Company, Sourcefire , PetMeds , MICROS Systems , Martek Biosciences , Integral Systems , GP Strategies Corporation , Corporate Office Properties Trust , and

3080-591: The BWI Airport ) until they were replaced by Regional Transportation Agency of Central Maryland (RTA) in 2014. Several Maryland Transit Administration (MTA) routes provide access to and from both Washington and Baltimore; MTA weekday commuter bus service connects Columbia to the Washington Metro system. There are no rail stations within Columbia, although the Dorsey MARC Train station

3168-645: The Columbia Association , the Ellicott City Businessman's Association and the Columbia Democratic Club. By 1974, the amount owed reached $ 100,000 million, prompting partner Connecticut General to consider bankruptcy . An effort to create a special taxing district in 1978 and an effort to incorporate with a mayor in 1979 failed. In 1985 Cigna (Connecticut General) divested itself of the project for $ 120 million. By 1990 Howard Research and Development owed $ 125,162,689. In 2004

3256-513: The League of Women Voters . In June 1965 zoning was approved for the project, and Howard Research and Development entered into a $ 37.5 million construction deed backed by the property. Development was temporarily stalled in October 1965 when James and Anna Hepding of Simpsonville sued the planning board, stating New Town zoning was a form of spot zoning benefiting a sole property owner. The case

3344-526: The Mexico–United States border , and unincorporated resort and retirement communities and their environs. The boundaries of any CDP may change from decade to decade, and the Census Bureau may de-establish a CDP after a period of study, then re-establish it some decades later. Most unincorporated areas within the United States are not and have not been included in any CDP. The boundaries of

3432-551: The Piedmont region of Maryland, with its eastern edge at the fall line . The climate tends to hot, humid summers and cool to cold and wet winters. There are occasional large amounts of snowfall that happen every year. The primary landforms in Columbia are rolling hills and stream valleys; Columbia's road network is laid out to follow the terrain, with many winding streets and cul-de-sacs . Elevations range from about 200 to 500 feet (61 to 152 m) above sea level. Most of Columbia

3520-566: The Young Columbians which have produced the area premieres of several musicals. Columbia also offers chamber music concerts, children's programs, community outreach programs, master classes, and pre-concert lectures and discussions through the Candlelight Concert Society, a non-profit organization formed by Columbia residents to provide chamber music concerts since 1972. Howard County Library System (HCLS)

3608-629: The AHL. Additionally, the team was in debt $ 3.7 million. As the season ended, a group led by Cincinnati businessman Jerry Robinson purchased the team for $ 2 million. Caggiano estimates the Bandits lost $ 1 million during its time in Baltimore. He blames the failure of the team to take root on the lack of good infrastructure. Upon arrival in its new location, the Baltimore Bandits were renamed the Cincinnati Mighty Ducks . The Bandits completed

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3696-550: The Columbia Association. This is a considerably smaller area than the census-designated place (CDP) as defined by the United States Census Bureau . The CDP has a total area of 32.2 square miles (83.4 km ), of which 31.9 square miles (82.7 km ) are land and 0.3 square miles (0.7 km ), or 0.80%, are water. The CDP includes a number of older communities which do not lie within the CA's purview, including

3784-573: The Columbia Gateway Business Park. Columbia's initial plan called for a minibus system connecting the village centers on a distinct right-of-way that allowed denser development along the route. The routes were not constructed, though minibuses were operated by the Columbia Association under the name "ColumBus". These were eventually taken over by Howard County. Six Howard Transit bus routes served Columbia and connected it with its neighboring areas (such as Ellicott City and

3872-616: The European colonization of what is now Maryland in the 1600s, the area that is now Columbia served as farming and hunting grounds for indigenous peoples including the Piscataway and Susquehannock peoples. Columbia was founded by James W. Rouse (1914–1996), a native of Easton, Maryland . In 1935, Rouse obtained a job in Baltimore with the Federal Housing Administration , a New Deal agency whose purpose

3960-676: The Holiday Hills, Diamondback, and Allview subdivisions and the former town of Simpsonville, as well as some land on the east side of Clarksville . These areas are not part of the "new town", and are not directly served by its amenities. Some of these areas are included in Columbia ZIP codes by the post office, and some are not. Columbia is located in central Maryland, 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Baltimore , 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Washington, D.C. , and 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Annapolis . The community lies in

4048-615: The Mighty Ducks and $ 100,000 to the AHL. The AHL approved the purchase of the Bandits by Caggiano on March 13, 1996. The Bandits finished the 1995-96 season with a 33-36 record. The team won their first AHL playoff series against the Hershey Bears , three games to two, with the final game a 4-3 overtime victory in Hershey. The second round ended in defeat for the Bandits to the Syracuse Crunch , four games to three, ending in

4136-667: The Twin Knolls buildings. Today, there is a Kaiser Permanente facility located in the Columbia Gateway industrial park. There are also a number of clinics, such as the Righttime Medical Care center and Patient First. Census-designated place A census-designated place ( CDP ) is a concentration of population defined by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes only. CDPs have been used in each decennial census since 1980 as

4224-496: The Work Group. The fourteen member group of men and one woman, Antonia Handler Chayes , met for two days, twice a month, for half a year starting in 1963. The Work Group suggested innovations for planners in education, recreation, religion, and health care, as well as ways of improving social interactions. Columbia's open classrooms , interfaith centers , and the then-novel idea of a health maintenance organization (HMO) with

4312-408: The acquisition was revealed to the residents of Howard County, putting to rest rumors about the mysterious purchases. These had included theories that the site was to become a medical research laboratory or a giant compost heap. Despite the moniker of being a "planned city", the planning for the city occupied Rouse officials for most of 1964 after the announcement while marketing director Scott Ditch

4400-512: The artistic, poetic, and historical origins of the street and place names in Columbia. "The Downtown Columbia Plan" is a 2010 amendment to the county's General Plan of expansion. It is a framework for the revitalization of Downtown Columbia over the next thirty years. Development plans for downtown projects in the years ahead will include details for that project such as neighborhood design guidelines, environmental restoration, public amenities and infrastructure. These development plans must adhere to

4488-484: The boundaries for CDPs. The PSAP was to be offered to county and municipal planning agencies during 2008. The boundaries of such places may be defined in cooperation with local or tribal officials, but are not fixed, and do not affect the status of local government or incorporation; the territories thus defined are strictly statistical entities. CDP boundaries may change from one census to the next to reflect changes in settlement patterns. Further, as statistical entities,

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4576-419: The boundaries of the CDP may not correspond with local understanding of the area with the same name. Recognized communities may be divided into two or more CDPs while on the other hand, two or more communities may be combined into one CDP. A CDP may also cover the unincorporated part of a named community, where the rest lies within an incorporated place. By defining an area as a CDP, that locality then appears in

4664-453: The case of the census, part of Clarksville . Columbia began with the idea that a city could enhance its residents' quality of life . Developer James Rouse attempted to create the new community in terms of human values, rather than economics and engineering. Opened in 1967, Columbia was intended to not only eliminate the inconveniences of then-current subdivision design, but also eliminate racial, religious and class segregation. Prior to

4752-500: The census of 2000, there were 88,254 people, 34,199 households, and 23,118 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 3,202.0 inhabitants per square mile (1,236.3/km ). There were 35,281 housing units at an average density of 1,280.0 per square mile (494.2/km ). The racial makeup of the CDP was 66.52% White , 21.47% Black or African American , 0.26% Native American , 7.30% Asian , 0.05% Pacific Islander , 1.63% from other races , and 2.76% from two or more races. 4.12% of

4840-764: The company. In 1966 the Columbia Religious Facilities Corporation was founded to lease interfaith centers to congregations. On June 22, 1969, $ 2.5 million in church donations applied to the CFRC to purchase Columbia land and build an interfaith facility in the village of Wilde Lake. The organization formed the Interfaith Housing Corporation (now the Columbia Housing Corporation) to purchase 300 units of low and moderate income housing in

4928-620: The consumer research company Nielsen Audio (formerly Arbitron). When MaggieMoo's was an independent company, its headquarters was in Columbia. The Mall in Columbia , located in Town Center, is a large regional shopping mall with three anchor department stores , a multiplex movie theater, and more than 200 stores and restaurants. There are several other major competing shopping centers in East Columbia , including Dobbin Center strip mall opened in 1983, Snowden Square big box retail on

5016-518: The counterparts of incorporated places , such as self-governing cities , towns , and villages , for the purposes of gathering and correlating statistical data. CDPs are populated areas that generally include one officially designated but currently unincorporated community, for which the CDP is named, plus surrounding inhabited countryside of varying dimensions and, occasionally, other, smaller unincorporated communities as well. CDPs include small rural communities, edge cities , colonias located along

5104-425: The county by 30–50% a year, with hot spots around the development. By 1970, the project required additional financing to continue, borrowing $ 30 million from Connecticut General, Manufacturers Hanover Trust , and Morgan Guaranty . In 1972, amendments to New Town zoning proposing to place a maximum height for buildings and maintain the original density limit of 2.2 units per acre were opposed by Rouse allies including

5192-415: The county. The new city would be complete with jobs, schools, shopping, and medical services, and a range of housing choices. Property taxes from commercial development would cover the additional services with which housing would burden the county. The urban planning process for Columbia included not only planners, but also a convened panel of nationally recognized experts in the social sciences , known as

5280-442: The development with Federal Housing Authority funding. Columbia has numerous recreation centers. The homeowners association, the Columbia Association, known to many in Howard County as "CA", builds, operates and maintains most of these facilities. CA operates a variety of recreational facilities, including 23 outdoor swimming pools , five indoor pools, two water slides , ice and roller skating rinks, an equestrian center,

5368-474: The first season, the team was plagued with rumors about the team being sold or folding. After continuing financial struggles that impacted the team in a range of ways including equipment availability, Teck and Gertner sold the Bandits to a group of local backers led by Michael A. Caggiano, the former owner of the Prince William Cannons . At the time of the deal, Teck and Gertner owed $ 500,000 to

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5456-606: The food that is raise to local food banks. Columbia's public schools are operated by the Howard County Public School System . As of the 2007–2008 school year, the following high schools served some part of Columbia: Most of these schools also serve students from outside Columbia, as is also the case with some of the middle and elementary schools. There are no conventional four-year colleges or universities in Columbia, but several college-level programs have facilities there. Howard Community College

5544-849: The framework of the Downtown Columbia Plan as required by the zoning legislation. Over the life of the Downtown Columbia development project, as much as 13 million square feet of retail, commercial, residential, hotel and cultural development is planned. To be accomplished in three phases, the plan calls for the formation of the non-profit Columbia Downtown Housing Corporation to build an additional 5,500 units of low income housing placed downtown in exchange for increased zoning density for other projects. Additional development includes 4.3 million square feet of commercial office space, 1.25 million square feet of retail space, 640 hotel rooms, Merriweather Post Pavilion redevelopment and

5632-788: The geographic extent associated with inhabitants' regular use of the named place. There is no provision, however, that this name recognition be unanimous for all residents, or that all residents use the community for which the CDP is named for services provided therein. There is no mandatory correlation between CDP names or boundaries and those established for other human purposes, such as post office names or zones, political precincts, or school districts. The Census Bureau states that census-designated places are not considered incorporated places and that it includes only census-designated places in its city population list for Hawaii because that state has no incorporated cities. In addition, census city lists from 2007 included Arlington County, Virginia 's CDP in

5720-520: The land deals for Jones, becoming his best client. CRD accumulated 14,178 acres (57.38 km ), 10 percent of Howard County, from 140 separate owners. Rouse was turned down in financing from David Rockefeller , who had recently cancelled a planned Rouse "Village" concept called Pocantico Hills. The $ 19,122,622 acquisition was then funded by Rouse's former employer Connecticut General Life Insurance in October 1962 at an average price of $ 1,500 per acre ($ 0.37/m ). The town center land of Oakland Manor

5808-471: The late 1990s. The Rouse Company abandoned the village center concept in 2002, selling off the assets to Kimco Realty for $ 120 million. The Kings Contrivance Village Center in Kings Contrivance underwent major construction in 2007 and 2008 when a new supermarket was added to the center, but maintained the original character of stores around a central corridor and plaza. Owen Brown village center

5896-556: The list with the incorporated places, but since 2010, only the Urban Honolulu CDP, Hawaii, representing the historic core of Honolulu, Hawaii , is shown in the city and town estimates. The Census Bureau reported data for some unincorporated places as early as the first census in 1790 (for example, Louisville, Kentucky , which was not legally incorporated in Kentucky until 1828), though usage continued to develop through

5984-408: The neighborhood concept of Clarence Perry , would have had all the children of a neighborhood attend the same school, melding neighborhoods into a community and ensuring that all of Columbia's children get the same high-quality education. Rouse marketed the city as being "color blind" as a proponent of Senator Clark 's fair housing legislation. If a neighborhood was filled with too many purchasers of

6072-459: The off-ice news of the previous season continued. This time it centered around developing a new arena in order to enable the team to stay in the Baltimore area. On October 1, 1996, Caggiano put forth an initial plan for the County Coliseum, a $ 42 million 10,000 seat arena to be built just south of Baltimore in Lansdowne, Maryland . Later that week, Baltimore Mayor Kurt Schmoke announced plans for

6160-440: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 14% of Columbia's residents were German , 11% Irish , 10% English , 5% Italian , 4% Polish , 2% Russian , 2% Scottish , 2% Indian , 2% Chinese , 2% Korean , 2% Sub-Saharan African , 2% French , and 2% West Indian . There were 34,199 households, out of which 35.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.4% were married couples living together, 11.2% had

6248-620: The project was sold to General Growth Properties , which went bankrupt in 2008. General Growth Properties submitted a plan for increasing density throughout Columbia in 2004 which was unanimously voted down. Ownership of the project fell to the previous Rouse subsidiary the Howard Hughes Corporation . Howard Hughes submitted a new plan to increase density in 2010 under the Ulman administration that passed unanimously. Columbia has never incorporated ; some governance, however,

6336-417: The purpose of building, owning and operating shopping centers throughout the country. Community Research and Development, Inc., which was managed by James W. Rouse and Company, became a publicly traded company in 1961. In 1966, Community Research and Development, Inc. changed its name to The Rouse Company, after it had acquired James W. Rouse and Company in exchange for company stock. By the early 1950s Rouse

6424-474: The register, such as Oakland Manor , were not submitted by Rouse company affiliates. Rouse believed that individual churches were a waste of developable land. Dr. Stanley Hallet advised the 1964 work group to economically abandon "The extravagance of church life" in favor of ecumenical establishments that focused resources on retreat centers and non-profit religious corporations. The Rouse Company discouraged individual congregations from purchasing land from

6512-450: The remainder of the GE industrial site, Columbia Crossing I and II big box retail started in 1997, and Gateway Overlook. Columbia's nine "village centers" provide residents with nearby shopping as well, often including supermarkets, filling stations , liquor stores, dry cleaners , restaurants, and hair salons . The village centers are laid out so that individual stores are not visible from

6600-426: The river valley from development. Columbia has a humid subtropical climate , with cool winters and hot, muggy summers. The 2009-2013 census estimates report the median income for a household in the CDP was $ 99,877. The per capita income for the CDP was $ 46,374. About 4.1% of families and 6.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.8% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over. As of

6688-489: The road, unlike traditional strip malls . The arrangement is criticized because it makes it difficult for newcomers and non-residents to know what shopping is available; it is praised for eliminating much of the garishness of roadside America. The village centers have evolved over time. Oakland Mills Village Center in Oakland Mills had a traditional layout—stores located off a central corridor—until its demolition in

6776-457: The same category of census data as incorporated places. This distinguishes CDPs from other census classifications, such as minor civil divisions (MCDs), which are in a separate category. The population and demographics of the CDP are included in the data of county subdivisions containing the CDP. Generally, a CDP shall not be defined within the boundaries of what the Census Bureau regards to be an incorporated city, village or borough. However,

6864-496: The season with a losing record of 30-37. The team's last game in Baltimore was a 4–2 loss to the Philadelphia Phantoms during the first round of the AHL playoffs in front of 1,031 attendees. The final Bandit goal was by Igor Nikulin at the 19:21 mark of the third period. Philadelphia swept the Bandits 3–0. The logo of the Baltimore Bandits was a stylized raccoon developed by Disney Sports Enterprises . The Bandit

6952-423: Was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.7 males. James Rouse conceived of a city, not a suburban bedroom community , and a large area on the eastern edge was allocated for industrial purposes. The centerpiece of this aspect of the development was a General Electric appliance plant on a 1,125-acre (4.55 km ) site previously operated as

7040-430: Was abandoned early in the project because the combination with the already required river buffers would have reduced profitable land available for building. Along with Symphony Woods , many other stands of mature trees have been temporarily maintained in Columbia, including the large Middle Patuxent Environmental Area in the western part of the community between Harper's Choice and River Hill villages, protecting much of

7128-432: Was also active in organizations whose goals were to combat blight and promote urban renewal . Along the way, he came to recognize the importance of comprehensive planning and action to address housing issues. A talented public speaker, Rouse's speeches on housing matters attracted media attention. By the mid-1950s he was espousing his belief that in order to be successful, cities had to be places where people succeeded. In

7216-504: Was brought from Baltimore's Cross Keys development to promote the project to community groups. In December 1964 the zoning was rejected by planning director Tom Harris Jr. for handing nearly all planning control to the developer. A media push was instituted to approve the zoning by Dorris Thompson of The Howard County Times , Seymour Barondes of the Howard County Civic Association, and Anita Iribe of

7304-455: Was dropped when developer Homer Gudelsky purchased the estate. Ten years later, former Councilman Charles E. Miller stated that if he could do it over again, he wouldn't have voted to approve Columbia. He felt exploited and felt the subsidized housing would become a problem for the rest of the county. Miller had been defeated in the November 1974 Howard County Council elections, in part as

7392-712: Was intended to resemble the Disney character, Meeko the Raccoon from Pocohontas . The Bandit uniforms were purple, black, and silver. Columbia, Maryland Columbia is a planned community in Howard County, Maryland , United States, consisting of 10 self-contained villages. It had a population of 104,681 at the 2020 census , making it the second most populous community in Maryland after Baltimore . Columbia, located between Baltimore and Washington, D.C. ,

7480-420: Was named for him. Wilde Lake was the first village area to be developed in Columbia; accordingly, the town's first high school was Wilde Lake High School , which opened in 1971 as a "model school for the nation". Constructed in the open classroom style, it was razed in 1994 and reconstructed on the same site, reopening in 1996. To achieve the goals set forth by the Work Group, Columbia's Master Plan called for

7568-647: Was purchased from Isadore Guldesky who was turned down from building high-rises on the site by Rob Moxley's brother, County Commissioner and land developer Norman E. Moxley . Sensing that he had a key property, he requested $ 5 million for his 1,000 acres (400 ha), signing an agreement by hand on a land plat. The competition between Rouse and Guldesky carried over to the competing Tysons Corner Center and Tysons Galleria projects, with each hiring their competitor's employees. By late 1962, citizens had elected an all- Republican three-member council. J. Hubert Black, Charles E. Miller , and David W. Force who campaigned on

7656-481: Was reduced to 2,500. From 1950 through 1990, the Census Bureau specified other population requirements for unincorporated places or CDPs in Alaska , Puerto Rico , island areas, and Native American reservations . Minimum population criteria for CDPs were dropped with the 2000 Census . The Census Bureau's Participant Statistical Areas Program (PSAP) allows designated participants to review and suggest modifications to

7744-486: Was to promote home ownership and home construction. This position exposed Rouse to all phases of the housing industry. Later in the 1930s he co-founded a Baltimore mortgage banking business, the Moss-Rouse Company. In the 1950s his company, by then known as James W. Rouse and Company, branched out into developing shopping centers and malls. In 1957, Rouse formed Community Research and Development, Inc. (CRD) for

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