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37-607: It was located in a structure on West Mulberry Street, near Cathedral Street, (rear of Old St. Paul's Rectory, for the nearby Episcopal church, facing south towards West Saratoga Street and Liberty Street) just south of and across the street from the new Baltimore Cathedral for the Roman Catholic Church and Archdiocese of Baltimore, then under construction 1806-1821 (now the Basilica of the National Shrine of

74-471: A "revised" edition of a 1775 catechism by Archbishop Butler from Ireland, but finally the matter was given into the hands of a committee of six bishops. At last, in 1885, was issued A Catechism of Christian Doctrine, Prepared and Enjoined by Order of the Third Council of Baltimore . The council had desired a catechism "perfect in every respect" (Acta et Decr., p. 219). Nearly every U.S. bishop gave

111-404: A longitudinal axis. The principal feature of the main façade is a classical Greek portico with Ionic columns arranged in double hexastyle pattern, immediately behind which rise a pair of cylindrical towers. Architectural historian Henry-Russell Hitchcock believed that the onion-shaped domes atop the two towers were “not of Latrobe's design,” but now it is believed that they "were entirely

148-457: A solid, classically detailed masonry hemisphere. Grids of plaster rosettes adorn its coffered ceiling. A 32-month, $ 34 million restoration project was completed in 2006. The restoration included a total incorporation of modern mechanical systems throughout the building, while also restoring the interior to Latrobe's original design. Many "misguided accretions" were corrected. The original wall colors (pale yellow, blue, and rose) were restored, as

185-722: A university or college in Maryland is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Baltimore) The Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary , also called the Baltimore Basilica , is a Catholic cathedral in Baltimore, Maryland . It was the first Catholic cathedral built in

222-756: Is accessible to the public. Resting in the crypt are: The Basilica of the Assumption was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 1, 1969, and was made a National Historic Landmark in November 1971. It is the centerpiece of the Cathedral Hill Historic District . The basilica is within Baltimore National Heritage Area . Baltimore Catechism A Catechism of Christian Doctrine, Prepared and Enjoined by Order of

259-527: The Eighth Crusade in 1270. Both portraits were gifts of King Louis XVIII of France shortly after the 1821 opening of the Basilica. Latrobe originally planned a masonry dome with a lantern on top, but his friend Thomas Jefferson suggested a wooden double-shell dome (of a type pioneered by French master builder Philibert Delorme ) with 24 half-visible skylights. For the inner dome Latrobe created

296-677: The First Provincial Council of Baltimore decreed: "A catechism shall be written which is better adapted to the circumstances of this Province; it shall give the Christian Doctrine as explained in Cardinal Bellarmine 's Catechism (1597), and when approved by the Holy See , it shall be published for the common use of Catholics" (Decr. xxxiii). The clause recommending Bellarmine's catechism as a model

333-576: The Knights of Columbus , who was ordained at the Basilica in 1877 by Archbishop James Gibbons ; and St. John Neumann , who is credited with founding America's Catholic school system. The Basilica has welcomed millions of visitors, including Pope John Paul II in 1995, Mother Teresa in 1996, and Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople in 1997. The building has also been visited by at least 20 other saints or potential saints. Archbishop William E. Lori , Archbishop of Baltimore , celebrated

370-668: The United States after the nation's founding, and was among the first major religious buildings constructed therein after the adoption of the U.S. Constitution . As a co-cathedral , it is one of the seats of the Catholic Archdiocese in Baltimore, Maryland. Additionally it is a parish church (ranked minor basilica ) and national shrine . It is considered the masterpiece of Benjamin Henry Latrobe ,

407-499: The "Father of American Architecture". The Basilica was constructed between 1806 and 1863 to a design of Benjamin Henry Latrobe (1764-1820), America's first professionally trained architect and Thomas Jefferson 's Architect of the U.S. Capitol . It was built under the guidance of the first American bishop of the Roman Catholic Church , John Carroll . The Basilica was blessed and opened for use on May 31, 1821, by

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444-525: The 1960s, many Catholic churches and schools have moved away from catechism-based education. The standard edition was created by Fr. Januarius de Concilio during the Council and published on April 6, 1885. This catechism contained 421 questions. Then for no known reason Bishop John Lancaster Spalding deleted many of the questions, reordering some, to make an abridged version containing 208 questions. This shorter catechism he identified as "number 1." However,

481-478: The 200th anniversary of the dedication of the Baltimore Basilica on May 31, 2021. The cathedral is a monumental neoclassical -style building designed in conformity to a Latin cross basilica plan — a departure on Latrobe's part from previous American church architecture, but in keeping with longstanding European traditions of cathedral design. The plan unites two distinct elements: a domed space and

518-554: The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary ) The institution struggled to operate for several years. In the early 1820s, L.H. Gerardin , a native of France, was the principal of the institution. It merged with the University of Maryland , founded 1807 with a School of Medicine , becoming the (undergraduate) college of arts and letters of the University of Maryland for several decades until the 1830s. This article about

555-409: The Basilica. General Revere was compelled to convert to Catholicism, and he did so despite the ongoing war. On October 19, 1862, Reverend H. B. Coskery baptized Revere at the Basilica. Revere's Holy Communion took place on October 26. In 1937, Pope Pius XI raised the cathedral to the rank of Minor Basilica . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969, and two years later

592-585: The Catholic Faith in a manner suitable for sixth through ninth graders and those preparing for Confirmation. Volume 3. The 37 lessons contained in Baltimore Catechism No. 3 are intended for students who have received their Confirmation and/or high schoolers. It includes additional questions, definitions, examples, and applications that build upon the content of the original Baltimore Catechism (No. 2). Volume 4. An Explanation of

629-529: The Catholic University of America, as editor and theological advisor in the production of the graded texts during the 1940s. Volume 1. The 33 lessons contained in Baltimore Catechism No. 1 present the basics of the Catholic faith in a manner suitable for first communicants through fifth graders. Volume 2. The 37 lessons contained in Baltimore Catechism No. 2 present the fundamentals of

666-549: The East Coast from Georgia to Quebec rattled through the Basilica, sending nearly 1,000 linear feet of cracks through its ceilings and walls. A seven-month, $ 3 million restoration was completed on Easter Sunday 2012. Nine of the fourteen deceased Archbishops of Baltimore have been laid to rest in the Basilica's historic crypt. The crypt is located beneath the main altar, next to the Our Lady Seat of Wisdom Chapel, and

703-609: The Third Council of Baltimore , or simply the Baltimore Catechism , was the national Catholic catechism for children in the United States , based on Robert Bellarmine 's 1614 Small Catechism . The first such catechism written for Catholics in North America, it was the standard Catholic school text in the country from 1885 to the late 1960s. From its publication, however, there were calls to revise it, and many other catechisms were used during this period. It

740-610: The architect's own." The exterior walls are constructed of silver-gray gneiss quarried from the Ellicott City Granodiorite . The interior is occupied by a massive dome at the crossing of the Latin cross plan, creating a centralizing effect which contrasts the exterior impression of a linear or oblong building. Surrounding the main dome is a sophisticated system of barrel vaults and shallow, saucer-like secondary domes. The light-filled interior designed by Latrobe

777-463: The catechism. The Baltimore Catechism was widely used in many Catholic schools until many moved away from catechism -based education, though it is still used in some. In the nineteenth century, repeated efforts had been made in the United States towards an arrangement by which a uniform textbook of Christian doctrine might be used by all Catholics. As early as 1829, the bishops assembled in

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814-656: The ever-multiplying dioceses necessitated by the young country's territorial expansion and the great growth of the American Catholic population. Until recent years, more priests were ordained at the Baltimore Basilica than in any other church in the United States. The building hosted many of the 19th-century meetings that shaped the Catholic Church in America, including seven Provincial Councils and three Plenary Councils . Among other effects, these led to

851-414: The expansive masonry undercroft (basement) of the church. The undercroft, until 2006, had been filled with sand from the original building of the cathedral, which prevented Carroll and Latrobe's vision of a Chapel in the undercroft. During the restoration, the sand was removed, and the Our Lady Seat of Wisdom Chapel was finally realized. Cardinal William Keeler , then Archbishop of Baltimore, and one of

888-621: The founding of The Catholic University of America and efforts to evangelize African and Native Americans to Catholicism. The Third Plenary Council , which was the largest meeting of Catholic bishops held outside Rome since the Council of Trent , commissioned the Baltimore Catechism . In 1862, while in Maryland during the Civil War 's Peninsula campaign , Union General Joseph Warren Revere (grandson of Paul Revere ) visited

925-554: The many champions of the restoration project, completed the restoration without dipping into the coffers of the Archdiocese, instead using private funds donated for the sole purpose of the restoration. The Basilica was closed to the public from November 2004 through November 2006, reopening in time for the Basilica's Bicentennial and the biannual meeting of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops , which

962-463: The new national catechism his official approbation and many schools adopted it, but it also received considerable criticism. In 1895, only ten years after publication, the American archbishops began a process of revision, but this was abandoned due to a lack of consensus. Between 1885 and 1941 over 100 other Catholic catechetical manuals were published in America with official imprimaturs, although none

999-459: The questions retained their original numbering; so, for example, in Lesson First the reader finds Q1, Q2, Q3, Q6, Q9. In September 1885 Bishop Spalding registered a separate copyright under his own name for what became commonly known as Baltimore Catechism Number 1 . Since the standard text was larger, people and publishers came to refer to it as Baltimore Catechism Number 2 . Later in

1036-466: The revised versions took years, in a long process of review and editing. Whereas Fr. de Concilio crafted one text which he intended for use by all schoolchildren, the revised text resulted not in one catechism, but a series of texts for different ages and grades. The Episcopal committee for the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine (CCD), engaged Fr. Francis J. Connell, professor of Moral Theology at

1073-491: The third Archbishop of Baltimore, Ambrose Maréchal . It was consecrated on May 25, 1876, by Archbishop James Roosevelt Bayley . Many famous events have occurred within its walls, including the funeral Mass of Charles Carroll of Carrollton , the only Catholic signatory of the Declaration of Independence . Carroll had been the last of the surviving signers. Most of the first American bishops were consecrated here to fill

1110-430: The twentieth century the United States bishops decided to update the Baltimore Catechism . During the process they were determined to address the handful of criticisms that scholars had raised against the original. For example, the 1885 version was primarily written by one man, Fr. de Concilio. So the revised edition involved hundreds of theologians, scholars and teachers. The original was primarily written in ten days while

1147-773: Was added at the special request of the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith . Bellarmine's Small Catechism , Italian text with English translation, was published in Boston in 1853. The wish of the bishops was not carried out and the First and Second Plenary Councils of Baltimore (1852 and 1866) repeated the decree of 1829. In the Third Plenary Council (1884) many bishops were in favor of

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1184-415: Was as widely used as the "Baltimore Catechism". Soon various editions came forth with additions of word-meanings, explanatory notes, some even with different arrangements, so that soon there was a considerable diversity in the books that go by the name of Baltimore Catechism . The Baltimore Catechism became the standard text for Catholic education in the United States for the next four generations. Since

1221-651: Was declared a National Historic Landmark . In 1993, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops designated the Basilica as a National Shrine. The Cathedral Hill Historic District takes its name from the Basilica's location. Many people deemed holy by the Catholic Church are associated with the Basilica, including the Blessed Foundress of the Oblate Sisters of Providence , the first order for Catholic nuns of African-American descent, Mother Mary Lange ; Father Michael J. McGivney , founder of

1258-554: Was held in Baltimore to mark the occasion. The historic pipe organ was originally built by Thomas Hall (1821), and later rebulilt by Hilborne L. Roosevelt, (1884), Lewis & Hitchcock (1931), Schantz Organ Company, (1989) and Andover Organ Company (2006). The organ was played in recital during the Organ Historical Society Convention in July 2024. On August 23, 2011, an earthquake that jolted

1295-552: Was officially replaced by the United States Catholic Catechism for Adults in 2004, based on the revised universal Catechism of the Catholic Church . In response to a personal copyright taken out by Bishop John Lancaster Spalding , various editions include annotations or other modifications. While the approved text had to remain the same in the catechisms, by adding maps, glossaries or definitions publishers could copyright and sell their own version of

1332-458: Was striking in contrast to the dark, cavernous recesses of traditional Gothic cathedrals. The Basilica houses many precious works of art, including two heroic portraits: the first entitled Descent from the Cross by Pierre-Narcisse Guérin and the second, by Baron Charles de Steuben , depicts Louis IX of France burying his plague-stricken troops before the siege of Tunis at the beginning of

1369-469: Was the light-colored marble flooring which for decades had been a dark green color. Twenty-four skylights in the main dome were re-opened, and the stained glass windows (installed in the 1940s) were given to St. Louis parish in Clarksville (whose new church was designed around them) and replaced with clear glass windows. Additionally, the Basilica's crypt was made accessible to the public, as well as

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