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30-526: The first reference to Balve is from around 780, when it was mentioned that a Widukind owned a farm called Ballowa , another name for the town, although this reference has been disputed. The first undisputed reference was in 864, in which a blind girl from Balve was said to be healed at the grave of the Saint Ludger in the crypt of Werden Abbey . Ballowa is also mentioned in the Thidrekssaga ,

60-643: A "French" invader. After the Nazi Party came to power in 1933, so many plays and other works were written about Widukind that there were complaints that he was becoming a cliché. Alfred Rosenberg praised him as a hero of German freedom, who finally joined with the founder of the German Reich (Charlemagne). Two important plays about the Saxon leader were produced in 1934, Der Sieger by Friedrich Forster and Wittekind by Edmund Kiss . The first celebrated

90-712: A 400-year-old monument for Hermann von Hatzfeld, are located in the church. Additionally, two Roman Catholic parishes have been present in Balve for several years. A Lutheran church is located at Hönnetalstrasse near to the Gemeindezentrum . The Männerchor 1860 Balve is the largest choir in Balve. Other choirs include the Männerchor Garbeck and MC Cäcilia Volkringhausen . The town's bands include Musikverein Balve and Musikverein Garbeck . Until 2005,

120-482: A Red Cross chapter, and the Schützenbruderschaft St. Sebastian Balve , founded in 1947. Primary schools in the town include Grundschule Balve and Grundschule Beckum . Several international companies have roots in the town, including Balver Zinn , Chemie Wocklum , and Kruse Group . Train stations in Balve include Binolen, Volkringhausen, Sanssouci, Garbeck and Balve, the latter station part of

150-568: A chivalric saga written in the mid-13th century in Norway . In the saga, Ballowa is the home of two dwarfs who taught Weyland much about making iron weapons. At the time of writing, Balve belonged to the county of Arnsberg . In 1358 the town became the property of the Duchy of Westphalia , which belonged to the Archbishops of Cologne . In 1430 it was given the right to be called a city. During

180-813: A nephew. The man buried in front of the altar is assumed to be Widukind. When in the 10th century Saxon kings (of the Ottonian dynasty) replaced the Frankish kings in East Francia (the later Holy Roman Empire ), these kings proudly claimed descent from Widukind: Matilda , the wife of King Henry I , was apparently a great-great-great-granddaughter of Widukind. The House of Billung , to which several Dukes of Saxony belonged, had Matilda's sister among its ancestors and thus also claimed descent from Widukind. The Italian family Del Carretto (and its supposed French branch, family de Charette ) also claimed to descend from

210-488: A position in the administration of occupied Saxony. The Vita Liudgeri biography of Saint Ludger mentions him accompanying Charlemagne on his campaign against the Veleti leader Dragovit . According to the 12th-century Kaiserchronik , he was slain by Charlemagne's brother-in-law Gerold of Baar . Numerous legends developed around Widukind's life; he eventually appeared as a saintly figure (becoming "Blessed Widukind") and

240-637: A speech saying that the survival of the German race was his principal concern, and that future generations will praise him for this when the true spirit of the German people arises once more. Many buildings are named after him in the area of Enger , including the Widukind-Gymnasium Enger . He is called 'Blessed Wittikund' in the Catholic Church and his feast day is celebrated on 7 January. Wittikund apparently saw an apparition of

270-548: Is held at the Balver Höhle , a cave in Balve. The festival is a major focus of the culture in and around the town, featuring music and theatre performances. The only marksmen's festival, Schützenfest , is also held in a cave, and is organized by Schützenbruderschaft St. Sebastian . A large bonfire on Easter Sunday is another tradition in Balve, organized by the Kolpingsfamilie Balve . On May 1 each year

300-582: Is identical Bolve's town arms. The top half showed St. Peter , wearing a red coat and holding in his left hand a golden key and in his right a golden book. This coat of arms was granted on March 5, 1957, and expired when the Amt was dissolved in 1975. Widukind Widukind , also known as Wittekind and Wittikund , was a leader of the Saxons and the chief opponent of the Frankish king Charlemagne during

330-401: Is taken from the arms of Arnsberg , and the black-and-white cross from that of Cologne . Both symbols were present in old seals of the city, of which the oldest known example dates from 1462. The coat of arms was officially granted on June 24, 1911, and confirmed on February 6, 1976, after the local government reorganization of 1975. The bottom part of the coat of arms of the former Amt Balve

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360-693: Is unknown. According to the Royal Frankish Annals , the Franks campaigned in Saxony in 772, when Charlemagne ordered the destruction of the Irminsul sanctuary. The Saxon Wars continued when Westphalian tribes devastated the church of Deventer and the Angrarii laid siege to the Frankish court at Fritzlar . The king retaliated against the local nobility, enforcing the decree to incorporate

390-646: The Hönnetalbahn (RB 54) line. The main religion in Balve is Roman Catholicism . The church Saint Blaise , built in the 12th century and an example of Romanesque architecture , was consecrated to Mary . On February 3 each year a special ceremony is held in the church, called the Blessing of the Throats . The altar servers of Saint Blaise visit other cities every year, for example Georgsmarienhütte in 1982. Bones from Benedict of Nursia and Saint Blaise , and

420-520: The Hönnetal , including the Balver Höhle at Helle , a large cave used for cultural events such as concerts, stage acting and the annual marksmen's festival, and the Reckenhöhle , a cave 1,478 ft in length that has flowstone . Experts have found signs of cannibalism in some of the caves. Other points of interest include The town's coat of arms references the history of Balve. The eagle

450-575: The Napoleonic period, it belonged for a short time (1802–1815) to Hesse , after which time it became part of the Kingdom of Prussia . In 1975, following a substantial reorganisation of local government in Germany, the city was enlarged by the addition of the several former independent municipalities from the abolished Amt Balve , including Asbeck, Beckum, and Eisborn. Local organizations include

480-507: The Saxon Wars from 777 to 785. Charlemagne ultimately prevailed, organized Saxony as a Frankish province, massacred thousands of Saxon nobles, and ordered conversions of the pagan Saxons to Christianity . In later times, Widukind became a symbol of Saxon independence and a figure of legend. He is also venerated as a blessed in the Catholic Church. Very little is known about Widukind's life. His name literally translates as "child of

510-654: The fire brigade of Balve is invited to the Feuerwehrfest , and for 20 years a christmas market has organized by Balver Fachhandel that features a live nativity scene. One of the soccer clubs in Balve, SG Balve/Garbeck, won the DFB-Ü 40-Cup in 2007. The town also organizes the Balve Optimum , a competition between horse riders. Participants in the Balve Optimum have included: There are many caves in

540-731: The Saxon lands as a Frankish march . Widukind was first mentioned by the Annals in 777 when he was the only one of the Saxon nobles not to appear at Charlemagne's court in Paderborn . Instead, he stayed with the Danish king Sigfred (possibly Sigurd Hring ). The next year, the Westphalians again invaded the Frankish Rhineland and subsequently fought a running battle against the Franks and their local allies while Charlemagne

570-471: The Saxon noble rank by their Frankish overlords. There are no contemporary sources about Widukind's life or death after his baptism. Historian Gerd Althoff assumed that he was imprisoned at a monastery —a fate that happened to other rulers deposed by Charlemagne. He tried to identify Reichenau Abbey as a likely location where Widukind may have spent the rest of his life, but his results are inconclusive and widely rejected. Alternatively, he may have received

600-457: The builder of many churches . He was later assumed to have died in 807 or 808; his feast day is commemorated on January 7. According to legend, Widukind experienced a vision that led to his conversion . Disguised as a beggar, he was spying on Charlemagne's troop camp during Easter . He witnessed a priest performing a Holy Sacrifice of the Mass and the priest was holding a beautiful child during

630-472: The child Jesus at Christmas mass one time. Following his baptism in 785 AD he forfeited engaging in warfare and became a prolific founder/restorer of churches; it was for this reason that he is regarded as a holy person. Balve Optimum The Balve Optimum is a tournament between horse riders ( CSI /CDI) in Balve . It is placed at Balve Wocklum, the home of Dieter von Landsberg-Velen . The aligner are

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660-420: The consecration. To his astonishment, people would receive communion and the priest would give the same child to each person. Widukind was dumbfounded by this scene and went to beg outside after the mass. One of the emperor's servants recognized Widukind behind his disguise—due to an odd formation of one of his fingers—and Widukind was captured. He was interrogated and confessed to spying on Charlemagne's camp for

690-699: The conversion of Widukind, but the second caused controversy because of its explicit anti-Christian message. In that play after the massacre of Verden , Saxon leaders say, "That is what the Christians have done; they feign love, but bring murder!"—a line that led to protests from the audience. The play portrays Catholic church leaders planning to destroy German freedom by forcing racial mixture on them, thus turning them into pliable " Untermenschen ". Thousands of German maidens are captured and will be forced to mate with "Jews and Moors" unless Widukind converts, which he does only to avoid this horrifying prospect. He gives

720-465: The forest". In the chronicles he is accompanied by Abbi who may have been a close relative. However, it is uncertain how they were related because all sources about him stem from his enemies, the Franks , who painted a negative picture representing him as an "insurgent" and a "traitor". While Widukind was considered the leader of the Saxon resistance by the Franks, his exact role in the military campaigns

750-555: The hero. Widukind became a hero for German nationalists in the early 20th century. German neo-pagans saw him as an heroic defender of Germany's traditional beliefs and their gods , resisting the Middle Eastern religion of Christianity. Christian nationalists also lauded him, linking Charlemagne with the humiliation of French domination after World War I , especially the occupation of the Rhineland, portraying Charlemagne as

780-636: The mouth of the Elbe , learned that Widukind was in the land of the Nordalbingians , on the right bank of the river. In the Bardengau in 785, Widukind agreed to surrender in return for a guarantee that no bodily harm would be done to him. He and his allies were then baptized, possibly in Attigny , with Charlemagne as his godfather . Widukind thereby reached a peace agreement and the acknowledgement of

810-565: The organization Festpiele Balver Höhle and the town of Balve have jointly hosted a jazz festival. Acts at the festival have included performances by Jan Garbarek and by Piirpauke . One of the theatre ensembles in Balve is the Kolpingtheatergruppe , directed by Christoph Rapp . Another form of entertainment, the Balver Märchenwochen , involves performing fairy tales at Christmas. The Festspiele Balver Höhle

840-522: The purpose of becoming better acquainted with the Christian faith. He later confessed the divine vision he had seen. The emperor concluded that God had given Widukind the grace of witnessing the divine child, Jesus, behind the Sacred Host of the Mass. Widukind then renounced his worship of pagan idols. Since the 9th century, Widukind had been idolized as a mythical hero. Around 1100, a tomb for him

870-642: Was busy in Spain . By 782, Widukind had returned from Denmark and goaded the Saxon nobles into rebellion. From 782 to 784, battles between Saxons and Franks occurred annually, while Charlemagne had 4,500 Saxons executed at the Massacre of Verden . Widukind allied himself with the Frisians but Charlemagne's winter attacks of 784/785 were nevertheless successful, and the dux and his allies were pushed back to their homelands. Charlemagne, leading an expedition towards

900-506: Was made in Enger ; recent excavations have found that the contents of the tomb are indeed early medieval, but are the remains of a young woman. In 1971, archaeologists discovered three graves in a prominent place in front of the altar. The remains of three men who had died in the early 9th century, two of them about sixty-year-old warriors, the third a young man, were identified after a DNA analysis in 2002 as half-brothers or maternal cousins and

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