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69-443: Settlements in the municipality are mostly established along the roads and in the areas near the people's sources of livelihood. With limited economic opportunities in the municipality, some residents of the town have also left their town to seek higher education, better employment opportunities, better opportunities for trade and commerce not only to other more developed areas in the country but even abroad. The municipality of Banayoyo

138-480: A community can participate in the council deliberations if they choose to. The number of dap-ay in a village depends on its population and age. Each village usually has several. The number of families that a dap-ay includes can range from as little as 6 to as many as 60. Membership in a dap-ay is voluntary. Newly married couples will usually join the dap-ay of their parents. The dap-ay in a given village usually take turns each year performing specialized functions for

207-663: A contingent of Japanese Imperial forces landed in Mindoro, Vigan, Santa, Pandan and Caoayan. In Cervantes , the Battle of Bessang Pass was fought between Tomoyuki Yamashita 's forces and the U.S. 21st Infantry; it was the greatest victory by Filipino guerrillas over the Japanese Imperial Army in World War II. The guerrillas mounted a series of attacks that lasted for almost six months in early 1945. Much of

276-838: A curfew. After the approval of "uniform travel protocols for land, air, and sea of the Department of the Interior and Local Government, crafted in close coordination with the Union of Local Authorities of the Philippines, League of Provinces of the Philippines, League of Municipalities of the Philippines, and the League of Cities of the Philippines," in Resolution No. 101, Series of 2021, Ilocos Sur Governor Ryan Luis V. Singson issued Executive Order No. 22, Series of 2021, mandating

345-445: A festivity called “Kaniaw”, the rituals lasting for three days. Due to old age, the big "Banayoyo" tree died. The death of the big tree brought famine and drought. The calamity prompted the older folks to gather in the "Dap-ay" and change the name of the community. The people thought of a name so that the big "Banayoyo" tree will always be remembered, and called the place "Banayoyo" instead of "Bacsayan". In its earliest stage, Banayoyo

414-467: A greater share of rewards that Marcos had promised him in exchange for supporting his presidential reelection campaign in 1969 . When Marcos refused, Crisologo reportedly then threatened to expose Marcos's and Ver's participation in cornering the tobacco monopoly in the Ilocos Region . Shortly after his reported meeting with Marcos, Crisologo was killed on 18 October 1970 after being shot in

483-555: A lingua franca among respective Ilocano and non-Ilocano residents. Ilocano is also recognized as a minority language in Mindoro , Palawan and Mindanao (particularly in some areas in Soccsksargen ), where Ilocanos had have been significant residents since the early 20th century. It is a third most widely spoken language in the Philippines, estimating 11 million speakers as of 2022. The language has many speakers overseas, including

552-408: A narrow strip of plain for cultivation. The mountains come so close to the sea that the highway is carved into them. The pressure of increasing population and the need for land made the people thrifty, and they built their villages near small bays and coves called looc in the local dialect. These coastal inhabitants were known as Ylocos , which means "from the lowlands". The region was then called by

621-793: A population of 8,000 (greater than that of Manila at the time), was the center of Malayan civilization before Salcedo's arrival. It was somewhat prosperous, trading with the Chinese and Japanese who brought jars, silk and crockery through the nearby port of Pandan, Caoayan . In the 19th century, Vigan traded with Europe; ships loaded with indigo went to textile mills. The invention of chemical dyes in Germany eliminated this industry. Affluent citizens of Vigan stocked their homes with statuettes of brass and iron, dinnerware, and other artifacts of European civilization, including fine ivory, inlaid furniture, and Chinese wares. Salcedo bequeathed his encomienda to

690-527: A private army, which residents called the saka-saka , which literally means "barefooted" in Ilocano; controlled electoral offices; and used blockades to create a monopoly on the tobacco that came out of the province. But a turning point took place in May 1970 with the so-called "Bantay Incident." The saka-saka assassinated a former mayor of Bantay , the town next to Vigan, in 1969, and then in May 1970, burned

759-516: A school for teaching the laws, histories, and traditions of the village. The equivalent communal dormitory for unmarried girls is known as the ebgan (Kankanaey) or olog (Bontoc). Unlike the dap-ay, the ebgan did not host rituals or meetings, but served as a place for girls to learn various skills. It also served as the place for courtship. Children were expected to sleep in these dormitories as soon as they stopped requiring parental support for feeding, locomotion, or bodily functions (usually at

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828-492: A select group who continued the tenancy system which developed into the practice of caciquism , landlordism and usury . The kaillanes revolted against the aristocracy in 1762. Vigan's two sections during the mid-19th-century indigo boom—one for the meztizo s and the other for the naturales —remain distinct. Spanish colonizers used free labor in the development of Ilocos Sur. Resentment of free labor triggered sporadic revolts, and those who refused to be slaves or tenants left

897-529: A simple roofed structure. In modern times, dap-ayan are commonly used as a community center for storing produce, as well as showcasing the products of a community. Ilocos Sur Ilocos Sur ( lit.   ' Ilocos South ' ), officially the Province of Ilocos Sur ( Ilocano : Probinsia ti Ilocos Sur ; Tagalog : Lalawigan ng Ilocos Sur ), is a province in the Philippines located in

966-446: Is agrarian, but its 2,647 square kilometres (1,022 sq mi) of unfertile land is not enough to support a population of 338,579. Agricultural crops such as rice, corn tobacco and fruit trees dominate their farm industries. Secondary crops are camote and cassava, sugar cane and onions. The rapidly growing population, the decreasing fertility of the soil, and the long period between the planting and harvesting season, have forced

1035-482: Is inhabited mostly by Ilocanos belonging to the third largest ethnic group of Austronesian origin. A Spanish chronicler wrote that “the people are very simple, domestic and peaceful, large of body and very strong. “They are highly civilized. They are a most clean race, especially the women in their homes which they keep very neat and clean.” Miguel de Loarca records around 1582 that the Ilocanos are intelligent as

1104-468: Is politically subdivided into 14 barangays .   Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . In the 2020 census, Banayoyo had a population of 7,931. The population density was 320 inhabitants per square kilometre (830/sq mi). Many religions have been established in the municipality like Protestantism, Catholicism, Iglesia ni Cristo, Aglipayan, Jehovah's Witnesses. Many residents have been given elementary and secondary education with

1173-527: Is the social, religious, and political center of a certain group of families within a village. The term itself is also used to refer to the indigenous process of decision-making by the elders, or to the council of elders themselves. Dap-ay also usually contain traditional dormitories for young boys in the village. Among the Ilocano people , a dap-ayan or dap-ay refers to a similar gathering place used for discussions by village leaders. The primary function of

1242-543: The Begnas (rice thanksgiving rituals of the Kankanaey). The severed heads of defeated warriors from other communities are usually mounted on poles ( padao in Kankanaey) in the dap-ay. The dap-ay also includes attached huts ( abong in Kankanaey) which are used as dormitories for unmarried boys and old men. These buildings were also utilized as a place for storing weapons, a barracks for training warriors, and

1311-693: The Ilocos Region in Luzon . Located on the mouth of the Mestizo River is the capital of Vigan while Candon is the most-populous city. Ilocos Sur is bordered by Ilocos Norte and Abra to the north, Mountain Province to the east, La Union and Benguet to the south and the South China Sea to the west. Ilocos Sur was founded by the Spanish conquistador Juan de Salcedo in 1572. It

1380-589: The Intramuros de Ilocandia . Salcedo declared all of Northern Luzón an encomienda (land grant). He was the encomendero of Vigan and lieutenant governor of Ylokos until his death in July 1574. Augustinian missionaries evangelized the region, establishing parishes and building churches that still stand. Three centuries later, Vigan became the seat of the Archdiocese of Nueva Segovia . The coast of Samtoy

1449-578: The People Power Revolution which ended on February 25, 1986 deposed Ferdinand Marcos from power, and installed Corazon Aquino as the new president of the Philippines, a provisional revolutionary government was set up in the country, and newspaper publisher Jose G. Burgos Jr. was appointed OIC Governor until a new constitution could be ratified and new officials elected. Executive Order No. 12 and Executive Order No. 13, were issued on March 12 and 13, 2020, respectively, mandating

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1518-604: The United States Department of Labor . Vigan was the recruiting center. More than eighty percent of Filipinos in Hawaii are of Ilocano origin. The first half of the 19th century was an economic boom for Ilocos Sur. During this period, the cotton, tobacco and indigo industries were encouraged by the government. With the operations of the Royal Company of the Philippines ( Real Compañía de Filipinas ),

1587-674: The arrival of the Spanish , the coastal plains in northwest Luzón from Bangui in the north to Namacpacan in the south were a region called the Ylokos. It lies between the West Philippine Sea in the west and the Northern Cordilleras in the east. On the western side, the land is sandy. On the eastern side (near the mountains that separate the region from the Mountain Province ) the land is rocky, leaving

1656-504: The American states of California and Hawaii . Filipino/Tagalog and English are also spoken and understood in the region, utilized in business, education and media. The province is predominantly Roman Catholic with 75% of population adherence. Aglipayan Church is also a considerable a minority with a 5% adherence. Other religious beliefs are represented by other Christian Churches such as Baptist and Iglesia ni Cristo wherein

1725-615: The Americans. Vigan was Tinio's headquarters until it was occupied by the U.S. 45th Infantry Division under James Parker on December 4, 1899. Gregorio del Pilar died on December 2, 1899, in the Battle of Tirad Pass . Under the Americans, a civil government was established in Ilocos Sur on September 1, 1901. Mena Crisólogo , a delegate to the Malolos Congress , was the first provincial governor. On December 10, 1941,

1794-404: The Japanese Imperial Army burned down some barrios of Banayoyo. Barangay Elefante, which was the bivouac area of the elements of the “M” Company, 121st Infantry Regiment, Philippine Commonwealth Army, USAFIP NL, suffered the worst atrocities. On October 16, 1944, one half of the barrio was burned down and on November 14, 1944, the other half met the same fate. During the same dates, not only Elefante

1863-587: The King of Spain. According to the Spanish chronicler Pigafetta, "The Ilocos are all Christians and are the humblest and most tractable". The Augustinians established parishes in Santa in 1576, Tagurín in 1586, Santa Lucía in 1586, Nalbacán in 1587, Candón in 1591, and Bantay in 1590. They built a church in Bigan in 1641 which, 117 years later, become the cathedral of the episcopal see of Nueva Segovia. Ylokos consisted of

1932-735: The Marcos administration's support for local strongmen rather than national controversies. Marcos' victory in the 1965 Presidential Elections had required that he gain political control of the north as a solid voting block, which meant forming alliances with the most prominent local "warlords" of the time - Ilocos Norte 1st District Representative Antonio Raquiza whom Marcos would later appoint as Secretary of Public Works and Highways ; La Union 2nd District Representative Manuel T. Cases; and Ilocos Sur 1st District Representative Floro Singson Crisologo. Crisologo's cousin, Captain Fabian Ver of

2001-541: The Philippine Constabulary's Criminal Investigation Service, became part of Marcos' inner circle and eventually became one of Marcos' most trusted lieutenants. Historian Alfred McCoy noted in a 2017 article that "The Crisologos were one of the political families that was buoyed by the rise of Marcos to power, and that they were able to dominate their political rivals in Ilocos Sur as Marcos solidified his hold on power. McCoy also noted that Crisologo created

2070-548: The Tinguian tribe still reside in the town. Like before, farming is the major source of livelihood of the people. During the early period, they used crude methods of farming like plowing by the use of cows and carabaos, and tilling the soil by the hands or sticks. But with the coming of the Westerners who brought with them modern technologies, the farmers of Banayoyo have already adopted semi-mechanized methods of farming like

2139-623: The Zambaleños for they are farmers. The main occupation of the people is agriculture. Father Juan de Medina noted in 1630 that the natives are ‘the humblest and most tractable known and lived in nest and large settlements'. Ilocano is the main language of the native majority in the province, with neighboring La Union recognized it as an official language since 2012. It became widespread in neighboring regions of Cagayan Valley (Region II) , Cordillera Administrative Region and major parts of Central Luzon (Region III) —where Ilocanos settled—as

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2208-402: The age of seven or eight, ten in modern times). It is also during this transition that children begin wearing clothing (the bahag and alampay ) for modesty. They still return to their parents' house to eat and assist with the chores during daytime. During daytime (usually in the early mornings and in the evenings), dap-ay (and ebgan) also functioned as village centers where adult members of

2277-457: The ancient name Samtoy, from sao mi ditoy ("our language" in Ilocano ). The Ilocos region was a thriving and fairly-advanced cluster of towns and settlements familiar to Chinese, Japanese, and Malay traders when the Spanish explorer Juan de Salcedo arrived in Vigan on June 13, 1572. The Spanish made Cabigbigaan their headquarters, which Salcedo called Villa Fernandina and which became known as

2346-459: The community can interact with each other or do communal activities. This is also the period where the children of the communal dormitories learn about village law and morality via interaction with their elders. Among the Ilocano people , a "dap-ay" or "dap-ayan" refers to a similar gathering place used for discussions by village leaders. Unlike the Cordilleran dap-ay, however, a dap-ayan is

2415-531: The councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years. Tinguians were the foremost inhabitants of the place, who came down from the highlands of Abra. With the coming of the Spaniards, Americans, Japanese, Chinese and other foreigners and people from nearby provinces of Ilocos Norte, La Union and Mountain Province, the original settlers intermingled with and intermarried with them,. At present, however, remnants of

2484-490: The dap-ay is as the meeting place for the council of elders. The council serves as the governing body of the community, with the authority to settle disputes or conflicts internally or with another village, pass judgement and punishments, issue laws, coordinate rituals and farming activities, and make decisions that affect the community as a whole. The council of elders is informally elected and unpaid, with members chosen by age and experience. However, each adult male member of

2553-431: The dikes in their rice terraces). The member requesting the service will usually offer an animal sacrifice (like a certain number of chickens) in exchange, which are used in the preparation rituals and eaten by the participants afterwards. Once arranged through the elders, all of the adult members of the dap-ay will devote one or two days in completing the task. Various rituals are held in the dap-ay. The most notable being

2622-485: The establishment of several elementary schools. Poverty incidence of Banayoyo Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Banayoyo, belonging to the second congressional district of the province of Ilocos Sur , is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and

2691-562: The fight until she was captured and hanged on September 20, 1763. A revolt against the government monopoly of basi , the native wine, began on September 16, 1807. Regular troops and recruits defeated the rebels. On March 25, 1898, Isabelo Abaya began an uprising in Candón and raised a red flag in the town plaza as a response to Spanish abuses and oppression. A revolutionary government was established, and several other revolts followed. The Spanish sent shock troops to re-occupy Candon, and most of

2760-486: The head while kneeling inside Vigan Cathedral during a church service, by a gunman who stood directly behind him and then escaped among terrified churchgoers. His killer was never found and the case remains unsolved. No special election was called to replace him in Congress, and his seat remained vacant until the dissolution of Congress in 1972 following the declaration of martial law by President Marcos in 1972 and

2829-472: The history of Ilocos Sur during the 21 years of the Marcos dictatorship are not well-documented, with the most prominent portrayals of Ilocos Sur history preferring to skip from the years immediately after Philippine independence in the 1940s, jumping straight to contemporary times. Regardless, there were numerous human rights violations documented in Ilocos Sur during the Marcos martial law era , and there

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2898-741: The largest minority has 80 plus lokal or kapilyas and barangay chapels built in the province with 8% adherence as of the mid year 2024 the church has 2 subdivided districts(Candon City and Ilocos Sur In Northern portion) in the province , Methodist , Seventh-day Adventist , and other Evangelical Christians , as well as Muslims . Poverty incidence of Ilocos Sur Source: Philippine Statistics Authority The people are engaged in farming, producing food crops, mostly rice, corn, vegetable, root crops, and fruits. Non-food crops include tobacco, cotton, and tigergrass. Cottage industries include loom weaving, furniture making, jewelry making, ceramics, blacksmithing, and food processing. Ilocos Sur's economy

2967-546: The leaders and participants in the uprising who surrendered were arrested and executed. Ilocos Sur, like other Philippine provinces, rallied behind Emilio Aguinaldo in the 1896 Philippine Revolution . When Vigan was captured, the rebels made Bishop's Palace their headquarters. On March 21, 1898, Mariano Acosta of Candón established a provincial revolutionary government. When General Aguinaldo returned from exile in Hong Kong, he sent Manuel Tinio to wage guerilla warfare on

3036-478: The lowest precipitation. The mean temperature in the province is 27 °C (81 °F). January is the coldest. Ilocos Sur comprises 32 municipalities and 2 component cities , which are organized into two legislative districts . There are a total of 768 barangays in the province. The 32 municipalities and 2 cities of the province comprise a total of 768 barangays , with Puro in Magsingal as

3105-567: The most populous in 2010, and Montero in Banayoyo as the least. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 706,009 people, with a density of 270 inhabitants per square kilometre or 700 inhabitants per square mile. The 1960 census lists 338,058 people; 64,446 dwelling units of which 2,974 are lighted with electricity; 3227 provided with radio; 7379 served with pipe water; 25,137 served with artesian and pumped water; and 310 using electricity, kerosene and gas for cooking. Ilocos Sur

3174-500: The poor until the 1972 declaration of Martial law made it illegal to peaceful protests. Some of the frustrated protesters then opted to pursue an armed resistance against the dictatorship, many of whom only returned to peaceful life after the Marcoses were finally deposed by the civilian-led People Power revolution of 1986. But the most prominent protests and incidents of the period actually took place before 1972, and involved

3243-641: The present-day provinces of Ilocos Norte , Ilocos Sur, Abra and part of Mountain Province . A royal decree of February 2, 1818 separated Ilocos Norte from Ilocos Sur, the latter including northern La Union (as far as Namacpacan, present-day Luna) and present-day Abra. The sub-provinces of Lepanto and Amburayan in Mountain Province were annexed by Ilocos Sur. The passage of Act No. 2683 by the Philippine Legislature in March 1917 defined

3312-410: The province's geographical boundaries. Vigan , almost four centuries old, was once known as Kabigbigaan (from biga , a coarse, erect plant with large, ornate leaves that grows on riverbanks). Bigan was later changed to Vigan. To the Spanish it was Villa Fernandina, in honor of King Ferdinand. Vigan was founded in 1574 by Spanish conquistador Juan de Salcedo as the capital of Ylocos. The town, with

3381-467: The region for Abra and the Cagayan Valley . From 1898 to the first decade of the 20th century, covered oxcarts moved to the rich plains of Pangasinan , Nueva Ecija and Tarlac . Children were told tales of Lam-ang , Angalo , Aran, Juan Sadot and other legendary Ilocano characters. Folk songs such as " Pamulinawen ", " Manang Biday ", and "Dungdungwen Kanto Unay, Unay" became popular. During

3450-399: The second phase of Ilocano migration, from 1908 to 1946, surplus labor migrated to the plantations of Hawaii and the U.S. West Coast. Ilocos Sur's population density was 492 per square mile at the height of migration, which made it the most densely-populated region in the Philippines except for Manila . The last group of labor migrants to Hawaii was in 1946, when 7,365 men were recruited by

3519-512: The southwest to the Barangay Lopez in the southeast, were registered in the civil registrar at Candon, while lands in the northern part were also registered in the registrar at Santiago before they were given new declarations by the registrar of Banayoyo. It was only in the year 1907 when Banayoyo gained its township, separating itself from Candon and Santiago. In 1912, it became a Municipality under Ilocos Sur. During World War II, Banayoyo

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3588-664: The suspension of classes at all levels from March 13 to April 12, 2020, as well as the suspension of other school activities that involve the gathering of crowds, at both public and private schools in the province. On March 15, the province was placed under community quarantine through Executive Order No. 14 which restricted the movement of people to and from Ilocos Sur, mandated the establishment of checkpoints and conditions for transportation and travel, prohibited social gatherings, encouraged flexible/alternative work arrangements or suspension of work, suspended tourism, prohibited hoarding, delineated rules for business establishments, and imposed

3657-502: The textile industry was developed on a large scale and the abolition of the tobacco monopoly accelerated economic progress. The beginning of Spanish rule to the first decade of the nineteenth century was characterized by revolts against tribute, forced labor and monopolies. The Ilocos revolt (1762–1763), better known as Silang's Revolt, was aimed at the babaknangs and the alcalde-mayor of Vigan. After Diego Silang 's assassination on May 28, 1763, his wife Maria Josefa Gabriela continued

3726-657: The total land area of Region 1 . The topography of Ilocos Sur ranges from 10 to 1,700 metres (33 to 5,577 ft) above sea level . The climate is generally dry as defined by the Hernandez climate classification—the dry months are from October to May. The southernmost portion in Cervantes is wet with rain evenly distributed throughout the year while the southeastern part of Sugpon receives less precipitation. The rainy season arrives in August while January and February have

3795-492: The town area are: on the east by Lidlidda; on the south by Candon; on the west by Santiago; and on the north by Burgos. Banayoyo is 58 kilometres (36 mi) south of the provincial capital Vigan, 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) north-east of Candon; 86 kilometres (53 mi) from the regional capital San Fernando, La Union , and 355 kilometres (221 mi) from Manila . The municipality can be reached by jeepneys going to Lidlidda and San Emilio or tricycles from Candon. Banayoyo

3864-428: The town of the same name also suffered severe damage. Ilocos Sur occupies the central section of the Ilocos Region in northern Luzon . It is bordered by Ilocos Norte to the north, Abra to the northeast, Mountain Province to the east, Benguet to the southeast, La Union to the south, and the South China Sea to the west. Its area of 2,596.00 square kilometres (1,002.32 sq mi) occupies about 20% of

3933-477: The travel protocols for implementation in the province. The resolution institutionalized the use of the System Safe, Swift, and Smart Passage (S-PaSS) Travel Management System , and the executive order eliminated the mandatory testing requirement for persons in specific traveler classifications who seek to enter or pass through the province. Ilocos Sur was severely affected by the 2022 Luzon earthquake , which

4002-461: The use of tractors, threshers, commercial fertilizers, etc. Dap-ay A dap-ay ( Kankanaey and Applai ), ato , or ator ( Bontoc ) is a paved raised ceremonial platform ringed with stone seats and with a central fireplace among the Cordilleran cultures in the northern Philippines . It primarily serves as a venue for meetings and public forums between the council of elders. It

4071-428: The village as a whole, which can range from religious sacrifices to planting fields, repairing irrigation ditches and paddy field walls, or maintaining trails. Members of the dap-ay are expected to equally share the expenses and labor requirements of these activities. Dap-ay is also utilized by its members for arranging a mutual exchange of labor (called dang-as ), for work that can not be done alone (like repairing

4140-455: The villages of Ora Este and Ora Centro in retaliation for their residents' support for Crisologo's opponent Chavit Singson during the 1996 elections. One elderly woman who was killed in the blaze. Public opinion compelled Marcos to investigate the incident and arrest Crisologo's son Vincent , who was reported to be the leader the saka-saka at the time. McCoy notes that Crisologo reportedly went to Marcos and appealed for help, while demanding

4209-415: Was a “rancheria” (or a pasture land under the Spanish regime). But as more people from the highlands of Abra called " Tinguians " came to settle, it developed into a small community. Before Banayoyo became a township, during the 18th century, it was part of the municipalities of Candon and Santiago. Sources indicate that lands existing in the southern part of the town, particularly from Barangay Cadanglaan in

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4278-639: Was at least one camp in the province that held political Prisoners during the Marcos era - a "Camp Diego Silang," which is different from the Police Camp established in La Union in 1989. Organizations such as the Federation of Free Farmers (FFF) and Federation of Free Workers (FFW), sometimes supported by progressive elements of the Catholic Church, continued to fight for the labor rights of

4347-623: Was felt strongly in Ilocos Sur for 30 seconds or longer. A total of 32 towns and two cities received damage, with the heaviest in Vigan. Nearly 100 homes were heavily damaged. Heritage sites in the UNESCO World Heritage City of Vigan were damaged, including the Vigan Cathedral and old-century houses, as well as few toppled power lines along Calle Crisologo. Parts of the old historic belfry of Bantay Church in

4416-544: Was formed when the north (now Ilocos Norte ) split from the south (Ilocos Sur). At that time, it included parts of Abra and the upper half of present-day La Unión. The current boundary of the province was permanently defined through Act No. 2683 signed in March 1917. The province is home to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites , namely, the Heritage City of Vigan and the Baroque Church of Santa Maria . Before

4485-530: Was known to the Spanish colonizers in 1572, when Juan de Salcedo traveled along it. Sent by Miguel López de Legazpi to explore the island of Luzón, Salcedo founded Ciudad Fernandina in 1574 in Bigan, in present-day Ilocos Sur. It became the center of Spanish rule and influence, including the evangelization and pacification movements. Due to Salcedo's efforts, the settlements in Tagurín, Santa Lucía, Nalbacán, Bantay, Candón and Sinayt were pacified and paid tribute to

4554-490: Was once the seat of ongoing local Philippine Commonwealth Military and Ilocano Guerilla Resistance Outfit, under the command of Army Major Walter M. Cushing, a fearless American fighter. The closeness of the residents to the Guerilla Outfit by way of provisions and financial assistance irked the Japanese Imperial Army, who were then garrisoned at an old Sugar Central in nearby Bucong, a barrio of Candon. Angry patrols of

4623-468: Was only occupied again in 1987 following Marcos's overthrow and the restoration of Congress. Crisologo's murder and the defeat of his wife Carmeling to Chavit Singson in the gubernatorial race and that of his son Vincent in the mayoralty contest in Vigan to a brother of Chavit in 1971 led to the end of his family's political dominance in the province and the rise of the Singson family to prominence. When

4692-438: Was originally called "Bacsayan". According to legend, in the eastern part of Poblacion, there was a big tree, which was called "Banayoyo". The people built a " Dap-ay " under the shady branches of the big tree, where the old folks held their meetings and settled any disputes or criminal acts committed by the barangay folks. After every bountiful harvest, the people gathered around the “Banayoyo” tree and offered their thanksgiving in

4761-595: Was set on fire but the whole town. The Banayoyo Catholic Church was not spared nor the Municipal Hall. The municipality of Banayoyo is one of the 32 municipalities of Ilocos Sur. It is bounded on the south by the Bucong River, also called “Carayan a Bassit”; on the west by a small canal called “Calip”; on the east by the Cabcaburao Hills, and on the north by Bay-asan Hills. Municipalities abutting

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