Misplaced Pages

#666333

42-1096: Qitab bin Duba bin Ad bin Tabikha bin Elias bin Mudar bin Nizar bin Maad bin Adnan . The tribe consisted, at the turn of the 19th century, of some 2,100 nomadic Bedouin (of whom some 600 were fighting men) and 2,700 settled people. The Bedouin dar , or district, of the Bani Qitab stretched from South of the Buraimi oasis to the Eastern foothills of the Hajar Mountains , the Jiri plain to

84-767: A collection of various Arab tribes, tribal confederations and small kingdoms described in Abrahamic tradition as being descended from and named after Ishmael , a prophet according to the Quran , the first son of Abraham and the Egyptian Hagar . According to the Book of Genesis in the Bible, Ishmael had one daughter and twelve sons, the "twelve princes" mentioned in Genesis 17:20. In Islamic tradition, this gave rise to

126-404: A great nation. Chapter 25 lists his sons as: And these are the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names, according to their generations: the firstborn of Ishmael Nebaioth ; and Kedar , and Adbeel , and Mibsam , And Mishma, and Dumah , and Massa , Hadar , and Tema , Jetur, Naphish , and Kedemah According to the documentary hypothesis , Genesis 25 would have been added during

168-746: A late Islamic fabrication because of the confusion in Islamic times which made it such a capacious term as to include the inhabitants of the south as well as the north of the Arabian Peninsula . But short of this extravagance, the concept is much more modest in its denotation, and in the sober sources, it applies only to certain groups among the Arabs of pre-Islamic times. Some important statements to this effect were made by Muhammad when he identified some Arabs as Ishmaelites and others as not. Ishmaelism, in this more limited definition, holds that Ishmael

210-871: A meeting of the Trucial Sheikhs in Dubai in April of that year, the Na'im gained Zayed's support against the Sheikh of Umm Al Qawain, Sheikh Rashid bin Ahmad Al Mualla , who was a staunch supporter of the Bani Qitab in this and other disputes. That loyalty was repaid when Rashid bin Ahmad died suddenly of pneumonia in 1922. The Bani Qitab, under Sheikh Muhammed bin Ali Al Huwaidan, were instrumental in ensuring

252-610: A peace. The tribe was once again embroiled in conflict when the Ruler of Sharjah, Khalid bin Ahmad Al Qasimi , was deposed in 1924, siding with Khalid against the new Ruler, Sultan , but joining in with Sultan in Sharjah's 1933 war with Ajman because of the influence of Abdulrahman of Heerah. Supporting Khalid bin Ahmad again in 1937, the Bani Qitab paid a key role in his accession as Ruler of Kalba . Effectively in control of

294-480: A poem designated to other Arab tribes, asking for their help and reminding that she and they all belong to Adnan, which makes it a duty for them to rescue her. In other poems such as the ones composed by the Pre-Islamic poet "Qumma'a Ibn Ilias", it appears that Arabs considered it as an "Honor" to be a descendant of Adnan, and for some reason they appear to have been proud of it - presumably because if something

336-437: A row of sacrificing Ishmael. Ibrahim blindfolded himself, because he could not bear to see his son suffer, then he placed the knife on Ishmael neck and wield the knife, when he opened his blindfold he found Ishmael standing next to him and instead of Ishmael there was a lamb. Ibrahim knew it was a test from Allah and then he received a command from Allah to rebuild the mosque for Ishmael's tribe which had been constructed by Adam ,

378-502: Is by the side of Mizraim [Egypt], from thy going up towards Arthur [Assyria]." The 14th century Kebra Nagast says "And therefore the children of Ishmael became kings over Tereb , and over Kebet , and over Nôbâ , and Sôba , and Kuergue , and Kîfî , and Mâkâ , and Môrnâ , and Fînḳânâ , and ' Arsîbânâ , and Lîbâ , and Mase'a , for they were the seed of Shem ." Assyrian and Babylonian royal inscriptions and North Arabian inscriptions from 9th to 6th century BC, mention

420-457: Is considered an "Honor", it is something to be proud of, as a function of the language model. The name of Adnan is often found in various Thamudic inscriptions, but with few details. In some Nabataean inscriptions, Adnan seems to hold some kind of importance or venerability, to the extent that some Nabataeans (descendants of Nabioth, the eldest son of Ishmael) were named after him as Abd Adnon (meaning, "the slave [or servant] of Adnan"). This

462-625: Is no particular indication that he was worshiped, rather than venerated as an honorable figure, much as other Arabs sometimes named their sons "servants" of their forefathers. Adnan died after Nebuchadnezzar II returned to Babylon . After Adnan's death, his son Ma'ad moved to the region of Central-Western Hijaz after the destruction of the Qedarite kingdom near Mesopotamia , and the remaining Qedarite Arabs there were displaced from their lands and forced to live in Al-Anbar province and on

SECTION 10

#1732772726667

504-530: The Qahtanite Arabs of Southern Arabia who descend from Qahtan . His ancestry can allegedly be traced back to Abraham . According to tradition, Adnan is the father of a group of the Ishmaelite Arabs who inhabited west and northern Arabia; he is believed to be a descendant of Ishmael , son of Abraham . Adnan is believed by genealogists to be the father of many Ishmaelite tribes along

546-552: The "Twelve Tribes of Ishmael", Arab tribes from which the early Muslims were descended. In Jewish tradition, the Twelve Tribes of Israel were descended from Abraham and his wife Sarah's son, Isaac , via Isaac's son Jacob . These traditions are accepted by both Islam and Judaism. Genesis and 1 Chronicles describe the Qedarites as a tribe descended from the second son of Ishmael, Kedar . Some Abrahamic scholars described

588-451: The Arabs of the Hejaz are descendants of Nebaioth and Qedar." Medieval Jewish sources also usually identified Qedar with Arabs and Muslims. According to author and scholar Irfan Shahîd, while Western scholars viewed this kind of "genealogical Ishmaelism" with suspicion, the concept can be supported for certain groups among the Arabs, Genealogical Ishmaelism was viewed with suspicion as

630-578: The Ishmaelite Confederacy simultaneously, and tribes joined in one instance may not be a part of it in another instance, and they sometimes may have fought each other despite the association with the wider Ishmaelite Confederacy. However, the term "Ishmaelites" or rather "Sumu'ilu" disappears from documentary sources as the Assyrian Empire fell. However, the individual tribes and members kept going on, as there are references from

672-611: The North of Sharjah and the fertile area around Sharjah's inland oasis town of Dhaid . The Southern Bani Qitab, some 500 households, settled around the village of Aflaj Bani Qitab in the Dhahirah area. Over time these separated from the Northern section of the tribe and in the 20th century Dhahirah became recognised as a governorate of Oman . The Bani Qitab was a highly influential tribe and often involved in political jostling between

714-531: The Persian Period by the Priestly source , who attributed the known Ishmaelite (Shumu'ilu) Tribes as the names of the sons of Ishmael. However, the name and narrative of Ishmael found in other parts of Genesis would antedate this by centuries. The Hebrew Bible already contained the story of Ishmael, and it would later come across Ishmaelite Tribes, and they would invent names for Ishmael's sons, named after

756-731: The Trucial Rulers – one example of this being the dispute in 1905 over the Wadi Hatta . The village next to Hatta, Masfout , was traditionally home to the Na'im tribe, who were originally from Buraimi . They found themselves under threat when the Bani Qitab built a fort at Wadi Hatta and started to harass caravans passing through the pass to the Omani Batina coast. Appealing to Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan , and following

798-513: The Western coast of Arabia , northern Arabia and Iraq . Many family trees have been presented for Adnan, which do not agree about the number of ancestors between Ishmael and Adnan but agreed about the names and number of the ancestors between Adnan and the Islamic prophet Muhammad . The overwhelming majority of traditions and Muslim scholars state that Adnan is a descendant of Qedar

840-834: The banks of the Euphrates river under the rule of the Neo-Babylonian Empire . According to Islamic tradition, the Islamic prophet Muhammad was descended from Adnan. It has also been said that Adnan foretold the coming of Muhammad and ordered his successors to follow him. The following is the list of chiefs who are said to have ruled the Jazeera and to have been the intraline ancestors of Muhammad: Ishmaelites The Ishmaelites ( Hebrew : יִשְׁמְעֵאלִים , romanized :  Yīšməʿēʾlīm ; Arabic : بَنِي إِسْمَاعِيل , romanized :  Banī Ismā'īl , lit.   'sons of Ishmael') were

882-550: The dominance of the Neo-Assyrian Empire to the north. Christian Frevel holds that while there certainly existed a tribe of Sumu'il in the eighth century BCE, it is possible that the biblical tradition describing the existence of Ishmaelites in the Middle Bronze Age is unhistorical and emerged no earlier than the eighth or seventh centuries. According to the Book of Genesis , Abraham 's first wife

SECTION 20

#1732772726667

924-480: The first Islamic prophet, and Ibrahim and Ishmael began building the Kaaba. Ibrahim built the mosque, and Ishmael provided the stones, When the walls were built and the roof was almost complete, Ibrahim stood on the miraculous small stone to finish the roof. The Samaritan book Asaṭīr adds: And after the death of Abraham, Ishmael reigned twenty-seven years; And all the children of Nebaot ruled for one year in

966-400: The hills of Safa and Marwa in search of water for her son. After her seventh run between the hills, an angel appeared before her. He helped them, saying that God heard Ishmael's cry and would provide them with water; Hajar stopped the water with stones. Muhammad said, "May Allah forgive Hajar if she doesn't stop the water, there was a great water fountain." A group of people passed by, and saw

1008-469: The historic tribe of Nabataeans as descendants of Nebaioth based on the similarity of sounds, but others reject this connection. Different Islamic groups assign the ancestry of the Islamic prophet Muhammad either to Kedar, or to Nebaioth . Assyrian and Babylonian inscriptions refer to the Ishmaelites as Sumu'ilu , a tribal confederation that would take control of the incense trade route during

1050-587: The interior of the Northern emirates, the tribe was courted by various Rulers over the granting of access to oil companies who had obtained concessions. Even in the 1940s, the Bani Qitab force of 200 to 250 armed, mounted Bedouin was a decisive force. Adnan Adnan ( Arabic : عدنان , romanized :  ʿAdnān ) the Patriarch is the traditional ancestor of the Adnanite Arabs of Northern, Western, Eastern and Central Arabia , as opposed to

1092-587: The interior, with Bani Qitab never far from the action. They were involved in tribal fighting in Buraimi as well as raids and counter-raids that stretched as far as Al Falayah in the North (itself home to a number of Bani Qitab), with the Awamir , Duru , Manasir and Bani Yas all drawn into a complicated series of conflicts which, by 1925, brought the Rulers of Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Sharjah together to try and broker

1134-560: The king of Qedar , sometimes as Arab and sometimes as Ishmaelite. The names "Nabat, Kedar, Abdeel, Dumah, Massa, and Teman" were mentioned in the Assyrian royal inscriptions as Arabian tribes. Jesur is mentioned in Greek inscriptions in the first century BC. Assyrian and Babylonian Inscriptions have referred to the Ishmaelites as "Sumu'ilu" and Ernst Knauf had written that Yisma'el is a typical West Semitic Personal name found in texts from

1176-511: The lifetime of Ishmael; And for thirty years after his death from the river of Egypt to the river Euphrates ; and they built Mecca . Josephus also lists the sons and states that they "inhabit the lands which are between Euphrates and the Red Sea , the name of which country is Nabathæa ". The Targum Onkelos annotates Genesis 25:16, describing the extent of their settlements: "And they dwelt from Hindekaia [India] unto Chalutsa, which

1218-522: The most important of the twelve Ishmaelite tribes. Muslims believe that the first person to speak Arabic clearly was Ishmael : "Isma'il grew up among the Jurhum (an Arabic-speaking tribe), learning the pure Arabic tongue from them. When grown-up, he successively married two ladies from the Jurhum tribe, the second wife being the daughter of Mudad ibn 'Amr, leader of the Jurhum tribe." In accounts tracing

1260-668: The prophetic child, who was named Ishmael by Allah through one of his angels. God ordered Ibrahim to bring Ishmael and Hajar to present-day Mecca . He prayed for them after leaving them, saying: "O our Lord! I have made some of my offspring to dwell in an uncultivatable valley by Your Sacred House (the Kaaba in Mecca) in order, O our Lord, that they may perform As- Ṣalāt . So fill some hearts among men with love towards them, and (O Allah) provide them with fruits so that they may give thanks." Ishmael and Hagar were very thirsty, and Hagar ran between

1302-502: The smooth succession of the Ruler of Umm Al Qawain, Sheikh Abdulla bin Rashid Al Mualla II , on his father's death. The young sheikh, fearful of the intentions of his uncles and other family members, secured the town with the help of 100 Bani Qitab men. It was also Sheikh Muhammed bin Ali Al Huwaidan who obtained an allowance from the Ruler of Sharjah of 2,500 Rupees. The 1920s, in particular, saw fighting break out across

Bani Qitab - Misplaced Pages Continue

1344-580: The son of Ishmael, except for Ibn Ishaq who claimed that Adnan was a descendant of Nebaioth . According to classical Muslim historian Al-Tabari , Ibn Ishaq's differing record may be due to one of the descendants of Qedar also bearing the name of "Nebaioth". Most Muslim scholars refused any attempt to recite the ancestors between Adnan to Ishmael, and condemned other scholars such as Ibn Ishaq for doing it. This partial absence of evidence for any ancestor between Adnan and Ishmael (and his son) has led some scholars to consider any personal name between

1386-705: The third millennium BC to pre-Islamic Arabic in the first half of the first millennium CE. He argues that the North Arabian "Sama'il" would be rendered "Shumu'il" by Assyrians, and would have the same meaning as "Yisma'el" and hence the Shumu'ilu tribes would be descended to an ancestor named Yisma'el, which is anglicized as Ishmael. One of the Inscriptions mentioning the Ishmaelites is Sennacherib's Annals , in column vii line 96. The Ishmaelite Confederacy did have differences. The Qedar Tribe's political center

1428-666: The time Cyrus the Great came to power of the kings living in tents. Southern Palestine and the surrounding areas were inhabited considerably by Nabataeans , who had been entrenched there as early as the 6th century BC. According to Knauf, this expansion caused the tribes to decrease contact, and this caused the Ishmaelite Confederacy to end, not any military defeat. Medieval Arab genealogists divided Arabs into three groups: Abu Ja'far al-Baqir (676–743 AD) wrote that his father Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin informed him that Muhammad had said: "The first whose tongue spoke in clear Arabic

1470-524: The two figures as post-Islam apocrypha . Adnan married Mahdad bint Laham, who was a descendant of his ancestor 's half brother Yaqshan . He had two sons with her, Ma'ad ibn Adnan and Akk ibn Adnan . Akk dwelt in the Yaman because he took a wife amongst the Asharites and lived with them, adopting their language. The Asharites were descended from Saba' ibn Yashjub ibn Ya'rub ibn Qahtan . Adnan

1512-410: The various tribes in the Ishmaelite Confederacy. Comparing aspects of the descendants of Ishmael and Israel (Jacob): According to the Quran , "Allah has gifted all of Ishmael , Alyasa , Yunus and Lut a favor above the nations. With some of their forefathers and their offspring and their brethren, We chose them and guided them unto a straight path". (Quran 6:86). Ibrahim and Hajar bore

1554-488: The well and Hajar and Ishmael sitting there. They asked Hagar for some of the water from the well; she agreed, and an Arab tribe began there. Ishmael grew up there and learned Arabic from the tribe while waiting for his father. When Ibrahim arrived in Marwa, he learned that his son was alive. When young Ishmael saw his father, he ran to him and they embraced. Allah (God) decided to test Ibrahim again, and he dreamed two nights in

1596-414: Was Duma (Dumat Al-Jandal), which was also the cultic residence of the six deities of the "king of the Arabs", as John Travis Noble writes. Tayma's pantheon was quite different from that of Duma, which seems to be the capital of the Ishmaelites, even though Tema appears as a son of Ishmael in Genesis 25. Noble then writes that it is unlikely that all twelve tribes associated with the sons of Ishmael were in

1638-410: Was Ishmael, when he was fourteen years old." Hisham ibn al-Kalbi (737–819 AD) established a genealogical link between Ishmael and Muhammad using writings and the ancient oral traditions of the Arabs. His book, Jamharat al-Nasab ("The Abundance of Kinship"), seems to posit that the people known as "Arabs" (of his time) were all descendants of Ishmael. Ibn Kathir (1301–1373) writes (translated): "All

1680-473: Was both an important religious figure and eponymous ancestor for some of the Arabs of western Arabia. Prominence is given in Arab genealogical accounts to the first two of Ishmael's twelve sons, Nebaioth (Arabic: نبيت , Nabīt ) and Qedar (Arabic: قيدار , Qaydār ), who are also prominently featured in the Genesis account. It is likely that they and their tribes lived in northwestern Arabia and were historically

1722-508: Was mentioned in various Pre-Islamic poems , by the Pre-Islamic poets Lubayb Ibn Rabi'a and Abbas Ibn Mirdas. Adnan was viewed by Pre-Islamic Arabs as an honorable father among the fathers of Arab tribes, and they used this ancestry to boast against other Qahtani tribes who were a minority among the Adnanites . Layla Bent Lukayz , a Pre-Islamic female poet , was captured by a Persian king and forced to marry him, so she composed

Bani Qitab - Misplaced Pages Continue

1764-747: Was named Sarah and her Egyptian slave was named Hagar . However, Sarah could not conceive. In chapter 16, Sarah (then Sarai) gave her slave Hagar in marriage to Abraham, in order that Abraham might have an heir. And Sarai Abram's wife took Hagar her maid the Egyptian ;... and gave her to her husband Abram to be his wife. Hagar conceived Ishmael from Abraham, and the Ishmaelites descend from him. After Abraham pleaded with God for Ishmael to live under his blessing, chapter 17 states: But as for Ishmael, I have heard thee: behold I have blessed him, and will make him fruitful, and will multiply him exceedingly; twelve princes shall he beget, and I will make him

#666333