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20-636: The Banu Harith descend from the Qahtanite people , one of the most prominent Arab tribes originating from Yemen . The earliest recorded ancestor of the Qahtanites is Joktan , one of the two sons of Eber . The Qahtanite people are divided into the two factions, the Himyarite and Kahlani tribes. The Kahlani tribe can be further broken into smaller sub-groups which include the Banu Harith which

40-463: A story noting that the patriarch Eber, the great-grandson of Shem , refused to help with the building of the Tower of Babel . As a result, his language was not confused when the tower was abandoned. He and his family alone retained the original Adamic language , which he identified as Hebrew , a language named after ʿEber. ʿEber is sometimes referred to in classical Islamic writings as the "father" of

60-461: Is Ya'rub , and his son Yashjub is the father of Saba'. All Yemenite tribes trace their ancestry back to this "Saba", either through Himyar or Kahlan , his two sons. The Qahtani people are divided into the two sub-groups of Himyar and Kahlan , who represent the settled Arabs of the south and their nomadic kinsmen ( nomads ). The Kahlan division of Qahtan consists of four subgroups: the Ta' or Tayy ,

80-472: Is called Sala ( Σαλά/Σάλα ). His son is called Phaleg/Phalek ( Φαλέγ/Φάλεκ ), born when Heber was 34 years old, and he had other sons and daughters. Heber lived to an age of 464 years. The triliteral root ע־ב־ר , ʕ-b-r , is connected with crossing over and the beyond. Considering that other names for descendants of Shem also stand for places, Eber can also be considered the name of an area, perhaps near Assyria . Medieval scholars such as Michael

100-545: Is mentioned in multiple ancient Arabian inscriptions found in Yemen. Arab traditions believe that they are the original Arabs. In some Judeo-Christian-Islamic traditions such as Jubilees and some Jasherian tales the Qahtanite Arabs descend from Jokshan son of Abraham through Keturah and half brother of Ishmael son of Abraham through Hagar. According to Arab tradition, the Qahtanites are from South Arabia, unlike

120-537: The Adnanites who are from the north of Arabia descended from Ishmael through Adnan . Arab tradition maintains that a semi-legendary ancestral figure named Qahtan and his 24 sons are the progenitors of Yemen who controlled the Arabian Peninsula known as Qahtani . The genealogists disagree about the pedigree of Qahțān [himself]. Some trace him back to Ismā'īl b. Ibrāhīm , saying that his [name]

140-582: The Ancient Near East gradually relinquished their geopolitical superiority to surrounding cultures and neighboring imperial powers, usually due to either internal turmoil or outside conflict. This climaxed with the arrival of the Babylonians , and subsequently the rivaling Medes and Persians , during the 7th and 6th centuries BCE, respectively. Though the Semites lost geopolitical influence,

160-685: The Aramaic language emerged as the lingua franca of much of the Near East . However, Aramaic usage declined after the defeat of the Persians and the arrival of the Hellenic armies around 330 BCE. The Ghassanids (ca. 250 CE) were the last major non-Islamic Semitic migration northward out of Yemen. They revived the Semitic presence in the then Roman -controlled Syria . They initially settled in

180-531: The Azd group which invaded Oman, the 'Amila - Judham group of Palestine, and the Hamdan - Madhhij group who mostly remain in Yemen. The Kahlan branch includes the following tribes: Azd ( Aus and Khazraj , Bariq , Ghassan , Khuza'a and Daws ), Hamdan , Khath'am , Bajila , Madhhij , Murad , Zubaid , Ash'ar , Lakhm , Tayy ( Shammar ), and Kinda . Early Semites who developed civilizations throughout

200-574: The Books of Chronicles ( 1 Chronicles 1 ). Eber (Hebrew: Ever) was a great-grandson of Noah 's son Shem and the father of Peleg , born when Eber was 34 years old, and of Joktan . He was the son of Shelah , a distant ancestor of Abraham . According to the Hebrew Bible , Eber died at the age of 464. In the Septuagint , the name is written as Heber/Eber ( ῞Εβερ/Ἔβερ ), and his father

220-741: The Hauran region, eventually spreading to Palestine, and Jordan , briefly securing governorship of Syria away from the Nabataeans . Between the 7th and 14th centuries, the Qahtanites became involved in the Arab conquests , migrating to the newly conquered territories and intermingling with the local populations. In the Umayyad era, a blood feud broke out between Qahtanites and the Adnanite tribes of Qays , which continued in various forms and degrees till

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240-628: The Muslims , being as "one nation", but retaining their Jewish religion . They were given the same rights as Banu Awf and entered into mutual protection pacts with the Muslim tribes. The small remnants of Banu Harith continued to live semi-autonomously in the border city of Najran until the 1930s. As a result of the Saudi–Yemeni War the Saudis had conquered Najran in 1934. Persecution increased and

260-699: The New Testament , he is referred to once as Heber/Eber ( Luke 3 :35, " Biblical Greek : Ἔβερ ] the son of Serug , the son of Reu , the son of Peleg, the son of Heber, the son of Selah ") but should not be confused with Ḥeber , the grandson of Asher , who is mentioned in Genesis 46 :17 and in Numbers 26 :45, as their names are distinct in Hebrew; Ḥeber is חבר with a heth while ʿEber has an ayin . The 13th-century Muslim historian Abu al-Fida relates

280-679: The 19th century in what has become known as the Qays–Yaman rivalry . Eber Eber ( Hebrew : עֵבֶר , romanized :  ʿĒḇer ; Biblical Greek : Ἔβερ , romanized:  Éber ; Arabic : عٰابِر , romanized :  ʿĀbir ) is an ancestor of the Ishmaelites and the Israelites according to the Generations of Noah in the Book of Genesis ( Genesis 10–11 ) and

300-676: The Syrian , Bar Hebraeus , and Agapius of Hierapolis noted that the prevailing view was the Hebrews ( Hebrew : עִבְרִיִּים , romanized :  ʿIḇriyyim , also derived from the letters ʿ-b-r ) had received their name from ʿEber, while others state the name "Hebrew" means "those who cross", a reference to those who crossed the Euphrates with Abram from Ur of the Chaldees to Harran and then Canaan . In some translations of

320-478: The Yoqtan ( Joktan ) son of Eber ( Hūd ) in the Hebrew Bible (Gen. 10:25–29). or genesis 25:2-3 that Qahtan is the similarly named Jokshan son of Abraham and Keturah. Among the sons of Qahtan are noteworthy figures like A'zaal (believed by Arabs to have been the original name of Sana'a ), Hadhramaut and Jurhum whose descendants formed the second Jurhum tribe from which Ishmael learned Arabic. Another son

340-720: The governor, Amir Turki bin Mahdi, allowed the Najrani Jews a single day to either evacuate or to convert to Islam. The Banu Harith fled south to Sana'a and Aden . Their descendants currently make up a very small component of the Yemenite Jewish population which now mostly reside in Israel today. Qahtanite The terms Qahtanite and Qahtani ( Arabic : قَحْطَانِي ; transliterated : Qaḥṭānī) refer to Arabs who originate from modern-day Yemen . The term "Qahtan"

360-413: Was Qahṭān b. al - Hamaysa ' b. Tayman b. Nabt b. Ismā'īl b. Ibrāhīm. Wahb ibn Munabbih and Hishām b. Muhammad al-Kalbi held this genealogy (as true). Hisham ibn al-Kalbi quoted his father as saying that he had been contemporaneous with [older] scholars and genealogists who traced Qahțān's pedigree in this way. Other [genealogists] argue that the [name] was Qahţăn b. 'Abir b. Shalakh . Qahtan with

380-834: Was brought to an end during the Christian invasion. After the Christian conquest of Najran, a sub-clan of the tribe emigrated to the Dhank region of Oman while another emigrated south and founded the district of Bani Al Harith in Sana'a . In 523, the Himyarite king Dhu Nuwas (Dunaan), who had converted to Judaism, massacred the Christians there. They were included in Point 31 of the Constitution of Medina and honored as allies to

400-511: Was established by Harith bin Ka'b. The Banu Harith converted to Judaism during pre-Islamic times. They wore a jambiya on their belt and worked primarily in goldsmithing and repairing arms. The Banu Harith allied with Banu Madh'hij in order to launch an attack on Najran and they were able to successfully conquer the city. Banu Harith lived peacefully beside Banu Hamdan and they were the most powerful house which ruled Najran for many centuries. This

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