Banu Jadhimah ( Arabic : بنو جذيمة ) was one of the Arabian tribes that interacted with Muhammad . It was "of Ta'if " and it is a branch of Banu Kinanah which is the mother tribe of Quraysh , the tribe of Mohammed .
18-645: They were a branch of the Kinana tribe, descendants of Jadhima ibn Amir ibn Abd Manat ibn Kinana. Some men from the Banu Jadhimah had killed al-Fakih ibn al-Mughirah al-Makhzumi, uncle of Khalid ibn al-Walid , and Awf ibn Abd Awf, father of Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf , before the conquest of Mecca in 630. When Khalid led an expedition against the Banu Jadhimah , he persuaded them to disarm by acknowledging that they had become Muslims, and then killed some of them. When Muhammad heard of this, he declared to God that he
36-729: A commander of the Ayyubid sultan Saladin , against the Crusaders at the Battle of Montgisard near Ramla , where Saladin's forces were routed. They were likely utilized due to their familiarity with the area around Ramla in southern Palestine. In June 1249 the naval forces of Louis IX , about 700 ships' strong, landed in Damietta as part of the Seventh Crusade . The city's Kinani garrison, known by then for their bravery, fled at
54-591: The Banu Asad . In the Arab genealogical tradition, the eponymous ancestor of the tribe was Kinana, a son of Khuzaymah ibn Mudrikah . The tribe traced its ancestry to Ishmael , who married a woman of the Yemenite Jurhum tribe and settled in the vicinity of Mecca according to Islamic tradition. The Kinana were polytheists , with their worship centering on the goddess al-Uzza . Islamic tradition holds that
72-704: The Fijar War against the nomadic tribes of the Hawazin . After his death, war leadership returned to the Banu Hashim. According to the editors of the Encyclopedia of Islam, stories of Harb's rivalry and contest of merits with Abd al-Muttalib are "no doubt a projection backwards of the later conflict between the houses of Umayya [branch of the Abd Shams] and Hashim" in the 7th–8th centuries. According to
90-691: The Tihama coastal area and the Hejaz mountains. The Quraysh of Mecca, the tribe of the Islamic prophet Muhammad , was an offshoot of the Kinana. A number of modern-day tribes throughout the Arab world trace their lineage to the tribe. The traditional tribal territory of the Kinana extended from the part of the Tihama coastline near Mecca northeastward to the borders of the territory of their tribal relatives,
108-519: The Umayyad caliph Yazid II ( r. 720–724 ), Habbaba , mentioned the Kinana's presence in Palestine in verse: A troop of the Kinana around me In Palestine, swiftly mounting their steeds. The Kinana were recorded to have maintained a presence, though weakened, around Mecca in 844/45. The emirs and fief-holders of the Kinana in southern Palestine left for Fatimid Egypt following
126-566: The Bakr, were hesitant to move against him and his followers at Badr in 624 without guarantees of safety by the Kinana. The Mudlij group promised not to attack the Quraysh from the rear and they thus moved against Muhammad, who defeated them in that engagement. Later, an attack by the Bakr on Muhammad's allies, the Khuza'a, prompted Muhammad to launch his conquest of Mecca in 630. In this he received
144-538: The Kinana and the other descendants of Ishmael gradually dispersed throughout northern Arabia, losing their original faith and falling into idolatry . There were six principle branches of the tribe, namely the Nadr, Malik, Milkan, Amir, Amr and Abd Manat groups. The Nadr were the parent tribe of the Quraysh , the tribe of the Islamic prophet Muhammad which were counted independently of the Kinana. The Abd Manat included
162-707: The Muslims in the 630s; the other main components were the Judham , Lakhm , Khuza'a, Khath'am and Azd . Caliph Umar ( r. 634–644 ) appointed two men of the Kinana, Alqama ibn Mujazziz and Alqama ibn Hakim as dual governors of Palestine, with the former based in Jerusalem and the latter based likely in Lydda , around 638/639; the latter remained governor until being replaced by Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan by Caliph Uthman ( r. 644–656 ). The singing girl of
180-575: The Quraysh, and tensions were elevated when a chief of the Bakr was killed in revenge for the Kinani killing of a Qurayshite youth; tribal customs did not give youths equal status as chiefs. Islamic historians did not note the actions of the Kinana as a united tribe in the time of Muhammad, though several of the tribe's offshoots, including the Quraysh, played pivotal roles in the formation and spread of Islam. The Quraysh initially opposed Muhammad and his monotheistic message, but due to previous tensions with
198-520: The backing of the Ghifar, Layth and Damra. Following the conquest of Mecca, there is scant information about the Kinana. An important tribesman of the Du'il, Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali , was counted as an ally of Caliph Ali , the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad. The Kinana were one of the main components of the Arab tribal garrison of Jund Filastin (military district of Palestine ) following its conquest by
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#1732772866063216-685: The capture of the port town of Ascalon by the Crusaders in 1153. The Fatimid vizier Ṭalāʾīʿ ibn Ruzzīk resettled the tribesmen in Damietta and its environs, where they became known as the Kinaniyya. Under the Ayyubids , the Kinaniyya were fiscally counted as second-tier troops, paid half of the rate of Kurdish , Turkish , and Turkmen soldiers, but significantly more than other Arab auxiliaries. The Kinani tribesmen fought with Qadi al-Fadil ,
234-631: The first among the Quraysh to write in Arabic and the first to stop consuming wine. Harb was one of the top leaders of the Quraysh of Mecca , belonging to one of its clans, the Banu Abd Shams . The Islamic tradition presents him as the successor of his companion, Abd al-Muttalib of the Banu Hashim , as the war leader of the Quraysh. He led the Abd Shams or the Quraysh in general during
252-585: The leader of the Kinana at unknown date in their victory against a branch of the Himyarites of South Arabia . His descendant, Qusayy ibn Kilab , was backed by the Kinana in his capture of the sanctuary town of Mecca , home to the Kaaba . Qusayy's position among the tribesmen was further bolstered by the support of the Kinani chief Ya'mar ibn Amr of the Layth group; the Bakr generally opposed Qusayy. The Fijar War
270-614: The particularly strong subgroup of Bakr ibn Abd Manat , whose main branches were the Mudlij, Du'il, Layth and Damra. The Ghifar subgroup belonged to the Damra or directly stemmed from Abd Manat. Another branch, the Harith ibn Abd Manat, formed the core of the Ahabish group, a collection of small, most likely unrelated, clans. The ancestor of the Quraysh, Fihr ibn Malik ibn Nadr , emerged as
288-470: The sight of the Crusaders' arrival along with the Egyptian garrison led by Fakhr al-Din. The Ayyubid sultan as-Salih Ayyub consequently executed the commanders of the Kinani deserters. Harb ibn Umayya Ḥarb ibn Umayya ibn ʿAbd Shams ( Arabic : حرب بن أمية بن عبد شمس ) was the father of Abu Sufyan and Arwa and the son of Umayya ibn Abd Shams . Harb is credited in the Islamic tradition as
306-514: Was innocent of what Khalid had done, and sent Ali ibn Abi Talib to pay the survivors compensation to the tribe. [1] Archived 2012-03-04 at the Wayback Machine This Islam-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Kinana Palestine (7th–12th centuries) Kinana ( Arabic : كِنَاَنَة , romanized : Kināna ) is an Arab tribe based around Mecca in
324-565: Was precipitated by the killing of a chief of the Banu Kilab by the Kinani al-Barrad ibn Qays, who was a man of the Damra exiled by his tribe but given protection by the Du'il and maintaining a confederate relationship with the Qurayshite chief Harb ibn Umayya . The Kilab and their Hawazin tribal kin moved against the Quraysh in retaliation, and the Kinana, including the Bakr, came to the Quraysh's backing. The Bakr remained hostile toward
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